肉羊精料可代谢蛋白质预测模型的建立

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的在通过概略养分或可消化养分建立肉用绵羊常用精饲料可代谢蛋白质（metabolic protein, MP）的预测模型,为动物日粮的科学配置提供依据。方法试验选用14月龄,平均体重为（49.27±3.12）kg的安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的杜寒杂交1代肉用羯羊6只,采用尼龙袋法和改进三步体外法测定10种精饲料的瘤胃有效降解率、瘤胃非降解蛋白质（undegraded dietary protein, UDP）及UDP小肠消化率;另外选用10只体况健康、平均体重（47.43±4.41）kg的杜寒杂交成年公羊分11期进行消化代谢试验,设11个处理组,其中1个基础饲粮组和10个试验饲粮组,试验组饲粮分别由高粱、玉米、大麦、小麦、燕麦、菜籽粕、花生粕、棉籽粕、豆粕及玉米酒糟（distillers dried grains with solubles, DDGS）等替换基础饲粮中羊草、玉米和豆粕,每个处理10个重复,每个重复1只羊,每期饲喂20 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期5 d。试验羊提前打好耳号,使用伊维菌素进行驱虫,单栏饲养。由于各组饲粮营养成分存在差异造成采食量不同,在预饲期观察并确定最低组的采食量作为限喂量,每天饲喂两次,分别于8:00、16:30饲喂,每次饲喂600 g,自由饮水。采用全收粪尿法测定养分表观消化率和尿嘌呤衍生物法（purine derivative,PD）测定微生物合成蛋白质（microbial synthetic protein, MCP）,通过养分含量或可消化养分建立MP的预测模型。试验数据采用SAS 9.1中的NLIN程序计算a、b、c值和直线回归与多元回归程序分析建立MP估测模型,单因素方差分析（one-way ANOVA, LSD）进行显著性检验结果饲料的粗蛋白质（CP）瘤胃降解率和UDP小肠消化率均因饲料种类不同而异,高蛋白饲料的CP瘤胃降解率和UDP小肠消化率较高,10种精饲料的CP瘤胃有效降解率的范围在43.71%—60.87%之间,UDP小肠消化率的范围在80.10%—92.86%之间,其中燕麦饲料的瘤胃有效降解率显著高于其他9种饲料 (P＜0.001),而其UDP小肠消化率显著低于其他9种饲料 (P＜0.001);饲粮组成不同,各营养物质的表观消化率不同;瘤胃可降解蛋白质与瘤胃非降解蛋白质比例的变化,不会对全消化道养分的表观消化率产生显著影响;本研究中10种饲料的MP与DP的比例范围在50.96%—62.33%之间,基于饲粮CP（%）含量预测可消化蛋白质（DP,%）的模型是DP=0.895×CP-2.663（R ²=0.994,n=10,P＜0.001）;基于养分含量（%）和可消化养分（%）建立的MP（g·kg ^-1 DM）预测模型分别是：MP=5.323×CP-14.374 (R ²=0.994,n=10,P＜0.001)和MP=5.899×DP+2.077 (R ²=0.984,n=10,P＜0.001)。结论饲粮中的粗蛋白质含量与可消化蛋白质存在强相关性;饲粮中概略养分含量和可消化养分与MP存在相关性,可以通过饲粮概略养分含量或可消化养分比较准确地估测精饲料的MP值。

关键词: 肉用绵羊, 精饲料, 微生物合成蛋白质, 小肠消化率, 可代谢蛋白质, 预测模型

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to establish a predictive model of metabolizable protein (MP) of concentrates, which is commonly used in feedstuffs of sheep by nutrient or nutrient digestibility. 【Method】 Six 14-month-old Dorper (♂) × thin-tailed Han sheep (♀) sheep with an average body weight of (49.27±3.12) kg fitted with a permanent rumen fistula were selected and used in testing effective degradation rate, rumen undegraded dietary protein (UDP) and intestinal digestibility of UDP by nylon bag method and three-step modified in vitro method. Ten healthy Dorper × thin-tailed Han ram with an average body weight of（47.43±4.41）kg were selected and used in 11 treatment groups including one basic diet group and 10 experimental groups（The Chinese wildrye hay, corn and soybean meal of basic diet were replaced by sorghum, corn, barley, wheat, oat, rapeseed peanut, cottonseed, soybean and DDGS.), respectively. Each period lasted for 20 d (15 d for adaptation and 5 d for trial period). The experimental sheep were prefixed with ear numbers, dewormed with ivermectin, and feed a single column. Due to the differences in the nutrient composition of each group of feeding foods, the amount of feeding in the lowest group was observed and determined during the adaptation as the limit of feeding, fed twice a day, at 8:00 and 16:30, respectively. Feed 600 g, free drinking water. Each ram is a replicate and all rams were used to determine the apparent digestibility of nutrients and microbial synthetic protein (MCP) using the urinary purine derivative method. The MP predictive model was established using proximal analysis of nutrient contents or nutrient digestibility. Using NLIN program in SAS 9.1 to calculate a, b, c values and linear regression and multivariate regression program analysis, MP estimation model was established, and the single factor variance analysis(one-way ANOVA, LSD) was significantly tested. 【Result】 The results showed that the rumen digestibility and digestion rate of CP in different concentrates were different, and CP degradability and intestinal digestibility of UDP of high protein diet were higher. The effective degradation rate of CP rumen in 10 kinds of feed ranged from 43.71% to 60.87%, and intestinal digestibility of UDP ranged from 80.10% to 92.86%. The effective degradation rate of rumen in oat feed was significantly higher than that of other feeds (P＜0.001), while intestinal digestibility of UDP was significantly lower than that of other feeds (P＜0.001). The diets had different composition and apparent digestibility of different nutrients. The digestion and absorption sites of dietary protein did not affect the apparent digestibility of nutrients. The ratio of MP to DP of 10 feeds in this study ranged from 50.96% to 62.33%, The digestible protein (DP, %) prediction model established by dietary CP (%) content was：DP=0.895×CP-2.663 (R ²=0.994, n=10, P＜0.001); The MP (g·kg ^-1 DM) prediction model established by nutrient contents (%) and apparent nutrient digestibility (%) were: MP=5.323×CP-14.374 (R ²=0.994, n=10, P＜0.001) and MP=5.899×DP+2.077 (R ²=0.984, n=10, P＜0.001).【Conclusion】Digestible protein had a strong relationship with crude protein in diet. The nutrient content and nutrient digestibility in diets were correlated with the presence of MP, and the MP values of concentrate feed could be estimated more accurately by the nutrient and nutrient digestibility in diets.

Key words: mutton sheep, concentrate, microbial synthetic protein, small intestinal digestibility, metabolizable protein, prediction model

富丽霞,马涛,刁其玉,成述儒,宋雅喆,孙卓琳. 肉羊精料可代谢蛋白质预测模型的建立[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(3): 539-549.

FU LiXia,MA Tao,DIAO QiYu,CHENG ShuRu,SONG YaZhe,SUN ZhuoLin. Establishment of a Prediction Model of Metabolizable Protein of Concentrate for Mutton Sheep[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(3): 539-549.

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参考文献 33

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项目 Items	含量 Content
原料 Ingredients
羊草 Chinese wildrye hay	55.00
玉米 Corn	29.40
豆粕 Soybean meal	14.00
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	0.86
食盐 NaCl	0.50
预混料Premix¹⁾	0.24
合计 Total	100
营养水平 Nutrient levels²⁾
干物质 Dry matter, DM	95.55
有机物 Organic matter, OM	93.68
总能 Gross energy, GE（MJ·kg^-1）	16.34
粗蛋白质 Crude protein, CP	11.90
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber, NDF	59.12
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fibre, ADF	25.22
粗脂肪 Ether digestible organic matter extract, EE	2.21
钙 Ca	0.93
磷 P	0.41

项目 Items	组成 Ingredient
项目 Items	基础饲粮 Basal diet	高粱饲粮 Sorghum diet	玉米饲粮 Corn diet	大麦饲粮Barley diet	小麦饲粮Wheat diet	燕麦饲粮 Oat diet	菜籽粕饲粮Rapeseed diet	花生粕饲粮 Peanut meal diet	棉籽粕饲粮Cottonseed meal diet	豆粕饲粮Soybean meal diet	玉米酒糟饲粮 DDGS diet
不同精料替换比例 Different concentrate replacement ratio		30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
玉米corn	19.0	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2
豆粕Soybean mean	12.2	8.46	8.46	8.46	8.46	8.46	8.46	8.46	8.46	8.46	8.46
羊草Chinese wildrye hay	66.5	46.0	46.0	46.0	46.0	46.0	46.0	46.0	46.0	46.0	46.0
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	1.41	1.41	1.41	1.41	1.41	1.41	1.41	1.41	1.41	1.41	1.41
石粉Limestone	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15
食盐NaCl	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
预混料Premix^1）	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24
合计Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
营养水平Nutrient levels^2）
干物质DM	92.13	90.92	90.79	91.62	91.51	91.58	91.87	91.55	93.96	93.89	91.32
有机物OM	90.15	93.10	93.45	93.77	93.51	94.74	89.06	89.38	92.34	92.07	90.30
总能 GE (MJ·kg^-1)	17.92	17.78	17.81	17.75	17.63	17.93	18.25	18.40	18.43	18.21	18.81
粗蛋白质CP	12.03	11.06	10.56	11.50	11.96	12.68	22.12	26.89	20.36	22.55	17.06
中性洗涤纤维NDF	33.20	33.56	33.33	37.84	37.15	33.29	40.13	36.19	41.33	33.55	40.74
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	18.05	17.71	16.82	19.66	19.03	17.43	22.35	19.44	23.67	19.67	19.42
粗脂肪EE	2.70	2.16	2.19	2.01	2.24	2.77	2.04	1.13	1.40	1.65	3.89
灰分 Ash	9.85	6.90	6.55	6.23	6.49	5.26	10.94	10.62	7.66	7.93	9.70
钙 Ca	0.94	1.05	0.94	0.82	0.96	0.96	1.45	1.06	1.03	0.99	0.82
总磷 TP	0.35	0.24	0.29	0.25	0.26	0.29	0.36	0.27	0.32	0.31	0.39

项目 Items	高粱Sorghum	玉米 Corn	大麦 Barley	小麦 Wheat	燕麦 Oat	菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal	花生粕 Peanut meal	棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal	豆粕Soybean meal	玉米酒糟DDGS
干物质 DM	89.59	89.94	90.60	89.64	90.31	91.60	91.97	92.28	91.74	91.65
有机物 OM	98.27	98.79	95.75	98.33	98.22	93.04	94.39	92.66	92.50	95.19
粗蛋白 CP	10.48	8.88	10.35	13.57	15.15	40.50	58.36	44.99	47.92	30.45
中性洗涤纤维 NDF	14.97	16.98	18.58	14.87	10.25	17.45	12.24	20.17	12.93	23.97
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	3.01	4.06	8.69	4.66	3.30	13.19	6.65	14.60	7.05	8.66

项目 Items	高粱Sorghum	玉米Corn	大麦 Barley	小麦 Wheat	燕麦 Oat	菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal	花生粕 Peanut meal	棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal	豆粕Soybean meal	玉米酒糟DDGS	SEM	P值 P value
蛋白质瘤胃降解率 Ruminal degradability of crude protein
6 h	16.64d	24.25bcd	22.73cd	30.30b	44.30a	27.42bc	24.33bcd	29.19b	16.87d	15.77d	1.697	＜0.01
12 h	20.10d	27.54cd	31.66cd	49.83b	63.53a	35.55c	28.63cd	31.53cd	20.28d	19.73d	2.649	＜0.01
24 h	24.82c	32.77bc	39.66b	63.25a	72.64a	41.34b	40.82b	42.52b	34.15bc	22.15c	2.948	＜0.01
36 h	36.18cd	37.66cd	48.51bc	70.28a	80.64a	47.56bc	48.55bc	54.55b	41.45bcd	35.03d	3.302	＜0.01
48 h	38.77d	47.25cd	59.36bc	74.27a	84.19a	58.01bc	59.51bc	62.18b	54.02bc	38.88d	2.668	＜0.01
有效降解率Effective degradation rate	45.08e	43.71e	44.38e	49.32de	60.87a	52.04bcd	57.26ab	54.62bcd	56.02abc	51.08cd	1.143	＜0.01
瘤胃非降解蛋白质小肠消化率 Small intestine digestibility of undegraded dietary protein	84.69d	86.23cd	84.23d	84.10d	80.10e	89.25b	92.86a	92.31a	89.26b	87.31bc	0.731	＜0.01

项目 Items	高粱 Sorghum	玉米 Corn	大麦 Barley	小麦 Wheat	燕麦 Oat	菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal	花生粕 Peanut meal	棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal	豆粕Soybean meal	玉米酒糟DDGS
瘤胃降解蛋白质 RDP (g·kg^-1 DM)	15.59	12.82	15.15	22.16	30.35	68.84	115.23	79.43	85.76	51.16
瘤胃非降解蛋白质 UDP (g·kg^-1 DM)	18.98	16.52	18.74	22.31	19.30	63.44	85.85	64.22	67.34	48.89
微生物合成蛋白质 MCP (g·kg^-1 DM)	54.50	46.92	50.97	50.64	59.83	73.80	84.74	66.27	81.11	60.87
可代谢蛋白质 MP (g·kg^-1 DM)	48.04	41.81	45.46	48.28	50.30	99.47	129.08	96.89	106.18	78.23
可代谢蛋白质占可消化蛋白的比例 The percentage of MP to DP (%)	61.66	55.63	50.96	55.08	53.73	53.33	54.86	62.33	55.14	56.78