日粮能氮比对燕山绒山羊生长性能及 营养物质表观消化率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.01.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】以燕山绒山羊育成公羊为试验动物,旨在通过饲养试验和消化代谢试验探究日粮不同能氮比对燕山绒山羊育成公羊生长性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响,从而得出燕山绒山羊育成公羊合适的能量、蛋白水平及能氮比例。【方法】选择体况良好、体重为（24.96±2.95）kg的6月龄燕山绒山羊育成公羊81只,采用两因子三水平设计,按3×3（能量×蛋白）完全随机设计分为9组（n=9）,采用3个可消化粗蛋白（DCP）水平（8.5%、9.5%和10.5%）和3个代谢能（ME）水平（9、10和11 MJ/kg·DM）,设计9种日粮并做成全混合颗粒饲料,每组绒山羊对应一种日粮。预试期10 d,正试期50 d,在试验中期,绒山羊平均体重达到30 kg时,每组选择4只放入消化代谢笼进行为期10 d的消化代谢试验（预试期7 d,正式期3 d）,采用全收粪尿法进行消化代谢试验,连续3 d收集绒山羊剩料、粪和尿。【结果】（1）随着日粮ME水平的提高,日增重（ADG）差异不显著（P>0.05）,干物质采食量（DMI）和料重比（F/G）显著降低（P<0.05）;随着日粮DCP水平的提高,ADG和DMI呈先升高后下降趋势,中DCP水平组显著高于其他两水平组（P<0.05）,F/G差异不显著（P<0.05）;日粮ME×DCP水平对DMI交互作用显著。Ⅴ组ADG最高为（222 g·d ^-1）,显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅵ组的ADG（P<0.05）且高于其他5组的ADG,但是差异不显著（P>0.05）。（2）随着日粮ME水平的提高,粪能显著降低,消化能、总能消化率显著升高（P<0.05）;日粮DCP水平和ME×DCP交互作用对能量消化代谢影响不显著（P>0.05）。（3）随着日粮ME水平的提高,摄入氮、粪氮显著降低（P<0.05）,可消化氮有降低趋势,高ME水平组氮消化率显著高于其他两水平组（P<0.05）;随着日粮DCP水平的提高,摄入氮、尿氮、可消化氮和氮消化率显著升高（P<0.05）,日粮ME×DCP水平对氮消化率交互作用显著（P<0.05）。（4）提高日粮ME水平会显著提高干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、粗脂肪（EE）和钙（Ca）的消化率（P<0.05）;低DCP水平组Ca的消化率显著低于其他两水平组（P<0.05）。【结论】燕山绒山羊育成公羊日粮ME和DCP分别为10 MJ·kg ^-1DM和9.5%时最适宜,ADG最高（222 g·d ^-1）,F/G较低。

关键词: 燕山绒山羊, 能量, 蛋白, 生长性能, 表观消化率, 公羊

Abstract:

【Objective】In this study, the growing male Yanshan cashmere goats were used as experimental animals, and the objective was to explore the proper energy level, protein level and energy-to-nitrogen ration according to effects of diets with different energy-to-nitrogen rations on growth performance and nutrients apparent digestibility in goat by feeding trial and digestion-metabolism trial.【Method】Eighty-one six-month-old growing male goats (24.96±2.95) kg were divided into 9 groups according to a 3×3 (energy × protein) completely random experiment design and offered 9 pellet total mixed ration (nine lambs per diet), in which metabolic energy (ME) were formulated at 9, 10 and 11 MJ/kg·DM, and digestible crude protein (DCP) were 8.5%, 9.5%, and 10.5%, respectively. There was a 10-day adaption period before the 50-day experimental period, and then 4 goats in each group were selected for digestion and metabolism test when the average body weight reached 30 kg. The total collection of feces and urine was conducted for 3 days after a 4-day adaptation, and residual feed, feces and urine were collected continuously.【Result】The results showed that: 1) The dry matter intake (DMI) and ratio of feed to gain (F/G) were decreased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of dietary ME levels, while no extremely effect on ADG (P>0.05). ADG and DMI increased first and decreased afterwards with the increase of dietary DCP levels, and ADG and DMI in medium DCP groups were extremely higher than low and high DCP groups (P<0.05). The interactions of dietary ME×DCP had a remarkable effect on DMI (P<0.05). ADG of Group Ⅴ was highest (222 g·d ^-1), ADG of Group Ⅴ was significant higher than Group Ⅰ, Group Ⅳ and Group Ⅵ (P<0.05), and higher than the other 5 groups with no significant difference (P>0.05). 2) The fecal energy decreased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of dietary ME levels, while digestible energy and gross energy (GE) apparent digestibility increased significantly (P<0.05). The dietary DCP levels and the interactions of dietary ME×DCP had no significant effect on energy digestion and metabolism. 3) The nitrogen (N) intake, fecal N decreased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of dietary ME levels while digestible N had the trend to decrease, and N apparent digestibility in high ME groups were extremely higher than low and medium ME groups (P<0.05). N intake, urinary N, digestible N and N apparent digestibility increased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of dietary DCP levels. The interactions of ME×DCP had a significant effect on N digestibility (P<0.05). 4) The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE) and calcium (Ca) increased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of dietary ME levels (P<0.05), while Ca digestibility in low DCP groups were extremely lower than medium and high DCP groups.【Conclusion】The trial results showed the most suitable diet (ME:10 MJ?kg ^-1, DCP:9.5%) with the highest ADG (222 g·d ^-1) and lower F/G.

Key words: Yanshan cashmere goat, energy, protein, growth performance, apparent digestibility, male goal

张继伟,高昆,张英杰,刘月琴,段春辉. 日粮能氮比对燕山绒山羊生长性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(1): 154-165.

ZHANG JiWei,GAO Kun,ZHANG YingJie,LIU YueQin,DUAN ChunHui. Effects of Diets with Energy-to-Nitrogen Rations on Growth Performance and Nutrients Apparent Digestibility in Growing Yanshan Cashmere Goat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(1): 154-165.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2019/V52/I1/154

图/表 6

表1

Table 2

表3

表4

表5

不同能氮比对25—35 kg燕山绒山羊氮代谢的影响"

项目 Items		摄入氮 NI (g?d^-1)	粪氮 FN (g?d^-1)	尿氮 UN (g?d^-1)	消化氮 DN (g?d^-1)	氮沉积 NR (g?d^-1)	氮消化率 DN/NI (%)	净蛋白利用率NPU (%)
组别 Groups	Ⅰ组	22.60±1.54bcd	8.05±0.74a	6.64±2.46ab	14.55±1.06cde	7.92±2.89	64.40±1.95e	35.05±12.22
	Ⅱ组	24.55±2.48abc	7.97±0.97a	6.92±1.48ab	16.58±1.78bcd	9.66±3.14	67.52±2.45cde	38.72±8.74
	Ⅲ组	26.81±1.94ab	7.46±0.52ab	8.75±1.58a	19.35±1.98a	10.61±2.61	72.08±2.69ab	39.31±8.00
	Ⅳ组	20.82±2.12d	7.06±0.98abc	6.77±1.77ab	13.77±1.41e	7.00±2.08	66.14±2.46de	33.66±9.36
	Ⅴ组	23.28±2.95bcd	6.93±1.01abc	7.62±1.61ab	16.36±2.13bcde	8.74±0.81	70.27±2.01abc	37.70±2.51
	Ⅵ组	24.93±1.22a	7.68±0.65a	8.85±0.74a	17.26±0.81ab	8.41±0.76	69.22±1.68bcd	33.77±2.51
	Ⅶ组	20.35±1.36d	6.15±0.86c	5.84±0.80b	14.20±0.58de	8.36±1.22	69.89±2.40abc	41.02±4.55
	Ⅷ组	21.13±2.71cd	6.33±0.51bc	6.91±0.56ab	14.80±2.24bcde	7.89±2.71	69.90±1.75abc	36.56±8.54
	Ⅸ组	23.34±2.30bcd	6.33±0.60bc	7.32±1.12ab	17.02±1.74abc	9.70±2.34	72.88±0.84a	41.15±6.64
P值 P value	能量Energy	0.007	<0.001	0.208	0.089	0.348	0.005	0.363
	蛋白Protein	0.001	0.964	0.013	<0.001	0.157	<0.001	0.886
	能量×蛋白 Energy×protein	0.941	0.493	0.909	0.563	0.772	0.034	0.714
主效应 Main effects
能量 Energy	低Low	24.66±2.56a	7.83±0.74a	7.43±1.96	16.83±2.54a	9.39±2.86	68.00±3.94b	37.70±9.11
	中Medium	23.01±2.67ab	7.22±0.88a	7.75±1.58	15.79±2.08ab	8.05±1.46	68.54±2.62b	35.04±5.69
	高High	21.61±2.39b	6.27±0.62b	6.69±1.01	15.34±1.97b	8.65±2.12	70.89±2.18a	39.58±6.52
蛋白 Protein	低Low	21.26±1.84b	7.09±1.13	6.41±1.69b	14.17±1.03c	7.76±2.05	66.81±3.16c	36.58±9.02
	中Medium	22.99±2.87b	7.08±1.05	7.15±1.23ab	15.91±2.04b	8.76±2.33	69.23±2.28b	37.66±6.58
	高High	25.03±2.25a	7.15±0.82	8.30±1.30a	17.87±1.81a	9.57±2.09	71.39±2.37a	38.08±6.57

表5

表6

不同能氮比对25—35 kg燕山绒山羊其他营养物质表观消化率的影响"

项目 Items		干物质 DM	有机物 OM	中性洗涤纤维 NDF	酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	粗脂肪 EE	钙 Ca	磷 P
组别 Groups	Ⅰ组	61.67±2.88c	63.61±2.70c	41.45±4.99	38.23±5.67	79.43±5.80bc	40.10±4.55f	28.90±4.53
	Ⅱ组	61.59±1.79c	63.08±1.71c	41.45±2.90	36.82±3.11	77.37±5.29c	48.35±6.08de	26.68±5.61
	Ⅲ组	63.12±3.05c	64.43±2.97c	43.57±4.18	37.71±3.65	81.06±7.29bc	46.13±1.71ef	37.17±2.67
	Ⅳ组	69.56±0.38b	71.01±0.19b	47.33±0.31	43.87±1.63	82.54±2.08abc	45.43±1.75ef	34.70±9.64
	Ⅴ组	68.13±1.57b	69.37±1.66b	43.13±2.37	38.23±2.99	85.84±4.07ab	53.19±4.18cde	30.74±13.11
	Ⅵ组	68.18±3.38b	69.54±3.26b	44.76±8.62	39.29±9.29	83.35±5.28abc	55.03±5.12bcd	29.18±9.46
	Ⅶ组	75.03±2.06a	76.49±2.31a	42.61±4.98	37.24±3.99	88.84±2.88a	58.63±7.39abc	33.14±3.69
	Ⅷ组	74.30±1.90a	75.57±1.89a	42.79±3.70	37.76±4.64	86.82±3.74ab	61.23±5.09ab	28.02±3.85
	Ⅸ组	75.08±2.35a	76.26±2.41a	45.33±7.24	38.16±7.46	85.81±2.42ab	63.57±5.97a	30.94±6.13
P值 P value	能量Energy	<0.001	<0.001	0.369	0.330	0.001	<0.001	0.958
	蛋白Protein	0.650	0.531	0.583	0.593	0.990	0.004	0.341
	能量×蛋白 Energy×protein	0.825	0.906	0.808	0.775	0.526	0.672	0.359
主效应 Main effects
能量 Energy	低Low	62.13±2.49c	63.70±2.35c	42.16±3.86	37.59±3.93	79.29±5.81b	44.86±5.46c	30.91±6.19
	中Medium	68.62±2.08b	69.97±2.06b	45.07±5.01	40.46±5.76	83.91±3.93a	51.21±5.62b	31.54±10.13
	高High	74.80±1.94a	76.11±2.04a	43.58±5.14	37.72±5.05	87.15±3.07a	61.14±6.01a	30.70±4.77
蛋白 Protein	低Low	68.75±6.02	70.37±5.82	43.80±4.54	39.78±4.81	83.60±5.41	48.05±9.36b	32.25±6.42
	中Medium	68.01±5.65	69.34±5.60	42.45±2.85	37.60±3.37	83.34±5.96	54.25±7.26a	28.48±7.91
	高High	68.79±5.78	70.08±5.70	44.55±6.32	38.39±6.54	83.41±5.27	54.91±8.54a	32.43±7.03

表6

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项目 Items		始重 IW (kg)	末重 FW (kg)	平均日增重 ADG (g)	干物质采食量 DMI (kg·d^-1)	料重比 F/G
组别 Groups	Ⅰ组	26.22±2.63	35.06±2.77	175.02±35.16b	1.02±0.17a	5.99±1.11ab
	Ⅱ组	24.49±3.26	33.94±3.44	189.11±32.36ab	1.05±0.16a	6.60±1.15a
	Ⅲ组	24.36±1.98	33.70±3.20	186.89±46.03ab	1.06±0.17a	6.02±1.63ab
	Ⅳ组	25.20±2.45	33.39±4.23	163.78±33.65b	0.93±0.12b	5.87±1.29ab
	Ⅴ组	24.61±3.63	35.71±4.58	222.00±38.39a	1.09±0.23a	5.08±1.02bc
	Ⅵ组	25.09±3.29	33.44±2.74	167.11±52.17b	0.87±0.14bc	5.73±2.04abc
	Ⅶ组	24.58±2.36	33.76±3.27	183.69±36.24ab	0.83±0.13c	4.67±0.99bc
	Ⅷ组	24.78±3.19	35.19±2.43	208.27±23.98a	0.93±0.19b	4.52±0.52c
	Ⅸ组	25.37±4.07	34.33±4.25	179.33±46.91ab	0.81±0.14c	4.80±1.16bc
P值 P value	能量Energy	0.990	0.963	0.783	<0.001	<0.001
	蛋白Protein	0.695	0.469	0.006	<0.001	0.866
	能量×蛋白 Energy × protein	0.757	0.637	0.293	<0.001	0.310
主效应 Main effect
能量 Energy	低Low	25.02±2.71	34.23±3.09	183.67±37.34	1.05±0.16a	6.20±1.30a
	中Medium	24.97±3.05	34.18±3.94	184.30±48.78	0.97±0.19b	5.68±1.72a
	高High	24.91±3.17	34.43±3.32	190.43±37.77	0.86±0.16c	4.66±0.90b
蛋白 Protein	低Low	25.33±2.48	34.07±3.42	174.16±34.67b	0.93±0.16b	5.62±1.52
	中Medium	24.63±3.23	34.95±3.54	206.46±33.79a	1.03±0.20a	5.40±1.27
	高High	24.94±3.13	33.83±3.34	177.78±47.28b	0.92±0.19b	5.52±1.67

项目 Items		摄入总能 GEI (MJ/d)	粪能 FE (MJ/d)	尿能 UE (MJ/d)	消化能 DE (MJ/d)	总能消化率 DE/GE (%)
组别 Groups	Ⅰ组	18.55±1.26	7.31±0.74a	0.47±0.23	11.24±1.04b	60.58±3.22c
	Ⅱ组	18.40±1.86	7.39±1.01a	0.49±0.05	11.01±0.96b	59.93±2.00c
	Ⅲ组	18.91±1.37	7.12±0.50ab	0.60±0.09	11.79±1.34ab	62.26±3.28c
	Ⅳ组	18.11±1.84	5.74±0.55cd	0.56±0.19	12.37±1.29ab	68.30±0.33b
	Ⅴ组	18.66±2.36	6.20±0.84bc	0.57±0.10	12.46±1.69ab	66.76±2.13b
	Ⅵ组	18.32±0.90	6.09±0.72bc	0.74±0.11	12.23±0.92ab	66.75±3.69b
	Ⅶ组	18.48±1.23	4.76±0.69de	0.72±0.24	13.72±0.65a	74.34±2.18a
	Ⅷ组	17.40±2.24	4.65±0.50e	0.57±0.20	12.76±1.82ab	73.22±1.76a
	Ⅸ组	17.26±1.70	4.49±0.73e	0.59±0.15	12.77±1.10ab	70.06±2.19a
P值 P value	能量Energy	0.417	<0.001	0.212	0.008	<0.001
	蛋白Protein	0.935	0.814	0.349	0.773	0.483
	能量×蛋白 Energy × protein	0.826	0.895	0.440	0.751	0.766
主效应 Main effect
能量 Energy	低Low	18.62±1.39	7.27±0.71a	0.52±0.14	11.35±1.07b	60.92±2.81c
	中Medium	18.36±1.65	6.01±0.68b	0.62±0.15	12.35±1.21ab	67.27±2.35b
	高High	17.71±1.70	4.63±0.60c	0.63±0.19	13.08±1.25a	73.87±1.92a
蛋白 Protein	低Low	18.38±1.35	5.93±1.25	0.58±0.23	12.44±1.41	67.74±6.23
	中Medium	18.15±2.04	6.08±1.38	0.54±0.13	12.08±1.60	66.64±5.94
	高High	18.16±1.42	5.90±1.28	0.64±0.13	12.27±1.11	67.69±5.81