中国农业科学 ›› 2007, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 895-901 .

• 耕作栽培·生理生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

强筋小麦产量和蛋白质含量的稳定性及其调控研究

赵广才,万富世,常旭虹,刘利华,杨玉双,杨丽珍,池忠志   

  1. 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所
  • 收稿日期:2006-02-27 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2007-05-10 发布日期:2007-05-10
  • 通讯作者: 赵广才

Study on stability and regulation of grain yield and protein content in strong gluten wheat

  1. 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所
  • Received:2006-02-27 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2007-05-10 Published:2007-05-10

摘要: 【目的】研究氮肥对不同强筋小麦产量和蛋白质含量的调控效应,以及小麦蛋白质的稳定性。【方法】利用7个强筋小麦品种,按统一方案分别在6个省进行试验,成熟时按小区收获,测定籽粒产量和籽粒蛋白质含量。【结果】在0~300 kg•ha-1施氮范围内,不同品种在各试验点均表现随施氮量增加产量逐渐提高,处理间达到显著差异水平,但每公顷施用300 kg氮素仅比施用225 kg的处理增产1.6%。随着施氮水平的提高,不同施氮处理在各试验点之间产量的变异系数逐渐降低,表明施氮和产量水平的提高可以缩小不同地区产量的差异。8901-1和豫麦34对氮肥较敏感,增施氮肥的增产效果明显;济麦20和皖麦38稳产性较好。各试验点间的小麦籽粒蛋白质含量变异系数的变化与产量变化趋势相同,表明适当施氮可以有效降低不同试验点间的品质差异。不同试验点间各品种蛋白质含量变异系数为2.04%~7.03%,变异系数较小的品种,蛋白质含量稳定性好,变异系数大的,其品质的栽培可塑性较强。不同施氮量处理间各品种的变异系数为5.43%~7.33%。有些供试品种在施氮150 kg•ha-1以下时,蛋白质含量不能达到强筋标准,如烟农19、济麦20和皖麦38。在施氮量超过225 kg•ha-1时,其籽粒蛋白质含量均达到国家强筋小麦标准。【结论】在实际生产中,从产量和品质两方面考虑,强筋小麦施氮水平应控制在225~300 kg•ha-1。试验中各种影响蛋白质含量变异的因素的效应表现为:栽培措施>基因型>生态环境(试验点)。

关键词: 强筋小麦, 产量, 蛋白质含量, 稳定性

Abstract: Seven varieties of strong gluten wheat were cultured in six provinces to study stability and regulation effects of N-fertilizer on grain yield and protein content. The results showed that within the range of 0~300Kg/hm2 N fertilizer level, the grain yield of different varieties increased with the amount of N-fertilizer added in different experimental farm. The yields of among the treatments fertilized were remarkable level, but the applied N 300 Kg/hm2 increased 1.6% than 225 Kg/hm2. The CV of yield of different treatment had a trend of decrease with the amount of N-fertilizer added in different experimental farm. It showed that N-fertilizer could lessen the deference of area. Some varieties ware more sensitive to N-fertilizer, its grain yield increased obviously with added N-fertilizer, others were better for stable yield. The CV of protein content had the same trend with grain yield. It indicated that applied nitrogen properly could decrease the deference of protein content in different experimental area. The more CV was small the more protein content was stable, the more CV was biggish the more cultivate plasticity was better. The protein content of All varieties was sensitive to N-fertilize in the experiment, under 150 Kg/hm2 fertilizer level, the protein content of some varieties couldn’t reach the national standard of strong gluten wheat, beyond the level of 225Kg/hm2, all of the varieties could reach it in the experiment. Consider of yield and quality, the N-fertilizer level of strong gluten wheat should be 225~300Kg/hm2in practice. The cultivation measure > genotype > entironment in the factors that influencethe grain protein content in the experiment.

Key words: strong gluten wheat, yield, protein content, stability