关键词: 粮食安全, 生态安全, 旱作节水, 水稻, 技术革新

Abstract: Abstracts: The authors point out that the main achievements in rice cultivation area within rent 50 years are mainly on the following aspects: The utilize of functional gene associated with innovation work of agronomy and physiology drove rice development. The rice planting area 、rice grain yield per unit and total yield output were increased 12% 、226% and 265% respectively since liberation. The increase of the total rice yield was mainly result from the increment of grain yield per unit. After considering the fragility of fresh water resource and insufficient plowland of our country, the authors looked back to 60’ of 20 century and noticed that some negative effects from “Green revolution” based on the use of semi-dwarf gene. Water was pumped out immoderately to irrigate paddy field for high yield. Excess agrochemicals and chemical fertilizer were poured to rice field. Drainage water containing chemicals from paddy was flowed to the water system and polluted the environments. Therefore the authors of this paper pointed out that it is time to reform those rice farming activities for sustaining agriculture and protect our environments from deterioration. After nearly ten years research, a new rice farming system was released. The technique was named as Non-flooding Rice Farming in Irrigated Rice Field (NFRF). Rice was cultivated just as dry-land crop such as wheat. The technical components of the NFRF were as planting green manure 、planting super-hybrid rice、direct seeding and non-flooding irrigation. Results from the demonstrations in Zhejiang province those years showed that the benefits from the NFRF was not only in water saving and yield enhancement, but also in labor saving and environmental safety. As the irrigated rice field was mainly distributed in southern part of china where the water for irrigation is sufficient, its area and water consumption occupied 85% of the total rice area and nearly 50% of total fresh water respectively, so water saving rice framing among those areas is much important in food security and environment safety. The practice of the NFRF in those areas will play positive effects on “Water transfer from the south to north” project. As china is a big country with big population、less plowland and less water, we have to face a challenge for food and environment security. The authors suggest that further breakthroughs of rice farming technique will come from rice breeding supported with rice biology advancements, by releasing new combinations with drought resistance、high nitrogen-absorbing efficiency and good grain quality.

Key words: ecological safety, Rice, technique reformation, water saving rice farming, foodstuff security