中国农业科学

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“优标”水稻体系对稻田土壤环境的影响

夏芊蔚1,陈浩3,姚宇阗4,笪达5,陈健2,石志琦1,2*
  

  1. 1南京农业大学植物保护学院,南京 2100952江苏省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,南京 2100143南京绿仙子生物技术有限公司,南京 2100144江苏省沿海农业发展有限公司,南京 2100145南京市新城科技园总部研发园,南京 210014
  • 发布日期:2022-04-25

Effects of ‘Good Quality Standard’ Rice System on Soil Environment of Paddy Field #br#

XIA QianWei1, CHEN Hao3, YAO YuTian4, DA Da5, CHEN Jian2, SHI ZhiQi1,2* #br#   

  1. 1College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095; 2Institute of Quality safety and Nutrition of Agricultural Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014; 3Nanjing F-zone Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210014; 4Jiangsu Coast Agricultural development Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210014; 5Nanjing New City Science park headquarters, Nanjing 210014
  • Online:2022-04-25

摘要: 【目的】针对自主研发的水稻优标体系已经在生产上实施,并进行产量、质量和土壤环境的评价,为该优标体系方案的合理设计和及时调整提供科学依据。【方法】基于在江苏省、上海市水稻种植区连续实施1—5年的定点优标体系试验区,以常规施肥用药水稻栽培体系(简称常规体系)为对照。采集水稻籽粒和稻田土壤样品,进行稻米产量安全、质量安全检测和土壤肥力、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物多样性的综合评估与分析。【结果】采用优标体系较常规体系在氮肥施用量减少46.8%,代以添加有机肥、EM菌剂、叶面肥、锌肥;农药施用种类以生物制剂为核心,协同使用低毒低残留化学农药的优势。在保证水稻产量、质量安全的前提下实施优标体系显著提高了土壤全氮与有机质含量;且连续实施1—4年的优标体系土壤肥力综合评分均高于常规体系,但连续实施5年后的优标体系土壤肥力综合评分值低于常规体系。连续实施2年优标体系脲酶、脱氢酶、蔗糖酶的活性均高于常规体系。实施优标体系的稻田土壤提高了细菌群落多样性与丰度,优标体系实施1年和连续实施5年的土壤细菌丰富度上升比例重复变化的菌为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi);优势菌属为Terrimonas(尚无确切名称)和黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)。相关性分析结果显示,优标体系实施1年,土壤中拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门丰度变化分别与pH肥力指数、全磷肥力指数变化呈正相关;优标体系连续实施5年,土壤中拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门丰度变化均与pH肥力指数变化呈正相关。另外,拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门丰度变化与土壤脱氢酶活性变化呈正相关。【结论】实施优标体系在保证水稻产量、质量安全的前提下,可有效改善土壤质量,提升土壤细菌群落多样性,进而有助于恢复土壤肥力。


关键词: 优标体系, 稻米产量与质量, 土壤肥力, 土壤酶活, 土壤微生物多样性

Abstract: 【ObjectiveThe self-developed rice good quality standard system (named as GQS) has been implemented in production, and the rice yield, quality and soil environment were evaluated, providing scientific basis for the reasonable design and timely adjustment of GQS.MethodBased on the pilot area of fixed-point and GQS, which was carried out continuously for 1-5 years in rice growing areas of Jiangsu and Shanghai, the conventional rice cultivation system (CCS) was taken as control. The rice samples and soil samples were collected for the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of rice yield safety and quality, safety, soil fertility, soil enzyme activity and soil microbial diversity.ResultCompared with the CCS, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 46.8% in the optimal standard system, and organic fertilizer, EM bacteria agent, foliar fertilizer and zinc fertilizer were added instead. The application of pesticides with biological agents as the core, synergistic use of low toxicity and low residue chemical pesticides advantages. Under the premise of ensuring rice yield, quality safety, the application of GQS significantly increased soil total nitrogen and organic matter contents. The comprehensive score of soil fertility of the GQS was higher than that of the CCS after 1 to 4 years of continuous implementation, but the comprehensive score of soil fertility of the GQS after 5 years of continuous implementation was lower than that of the CCS. The activities of urease, dehydrogenase and sucrase in the optimal system were higher than those in the CCS. The diversity and abundance of bacterial community were increased in the paddy soil with the application of GQS. Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi showed repeated changes in the increasing ratio of soil bacterial richness after the first year and the second consecutive year of application of the GQS. Terrimonas and Flavobacterium are the dominant genera. The results of correlation analysis showed that the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi were positively correlated with pH fertility index and total P fertility index after the implementation of the GQS for 1 year. The results showed that the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi were positively correlated with the change of pH fertility index. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi and soil dehydrogenase activity.ConclusionUnder the premise of ensuring rice yield and quality safety, The application of GQS was helpful for the restoration of rice soil fertility by effectively improving the soil quality and the diversity of soil bacterial community.


Key words: good quality standard system, rice yield and quality, soil enzyme activity, soil fertility, soil microbial diversity