中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (10): 2132-2141.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.10.009
尹思佳1(),李慧2,徐志强3,裴久渤1(),戴继光3,刘雨薇1,李艾蒙1,于雅茜1,刘维1,汪景宽1
收稿日期:
2020-07-13
接受日期:
2020-11-25
出版日期:
2021-05-16
发布日期:
2021-05-24
通讯作者:
裴久渤
作者简介:
尹思佳,E-mail: 基金资助:
YIN SiJia1(),LI Hui2,XU ZhiQiang3,PEI JiuBo1(),DAI JiGuang3,LIU YuWei1,LI AiMeng1,YU YaXi1,LIU Wei1,WANG JingKuan1
Received:
2020-07-13
Accepted:
2020-11-25
Online:
2021-05-16
Published:
2021-05-24
Contact:
JiuBo PEI
摘要:
【目的】明确东北典型黑土区土壤肥力指标的纬度特征及其关系,探究黑土地核心地带肥力调控的问题,为黑土地耕地质量调控和国家粮食稳产增产提供有力支撑。【方法】2018年秋收后,在研究区按纬度梯度采样,测定土壤有机质、酸碱度、全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮、容重、大微团聚体质量比等肥力指标和土壤含水量、土壤温度等环境指标,通过主成分分析、冗余分析和相关分析,明确研究区内各指标纬度变化特征及相互关系。【结果】东北典型黑土区土壤肥力指标具有明显的纬度分异特征,除容重属于弱变异外,其他肥力指标均属于中等变异。土壤有机质是该区域影响土壤肥力的核心指标,随纬度升高而增加,与大微团聚体质量比、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、全钾、全磷和酸碱度均呈显著正相关;与土壤含水量、土壤温度和容重呈负相关。纬度在46.07°—49.18°之间土壤容重变化对土壤肥力影响较大,纬度在42.99°—45.59°之间的土壤肥力受土壤容重、有机质含量、酸碱度等共同作用。【结论】在46.07°—49.18°范围内,可通过改善土壤容重方法调控土壤肥力指标,而在42.99°—45.59°范围内需要通过测土配方施肥对作物所需的土壤养分进行综合调控。对整个研究区而言,调控土壤有机质仍是当前培肥土壤的主要内容。
尹思佳,李慧,徐志强,裴久渤,戴继光,刘雨薇,李艾蒙,于雅茜,刘维,汪景宽. 东北典型黑土区旱地耕层土壤肥力指标的纬度变化特征及其关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(10): 2132-2141.
YIN SiJia,LI Hui,XU ZhiQiang,PEI JiuBo,DAI JiGuang,LIU YuWei,LI AiMeng,YU YaXi,LIU Wei,WANG JingKuan. Spatial Variations and Relationships of Topsoil Fertility Indices of Drylands in the Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(10): 2132-2141.
表1
研究区采样点分布"
编号ID | 经度Longitude | 纬度Latitude | 编号 ID | 经度Longitude | 纬度Latitude | 编号 ID | 经度Longitude | 纬度Latitude | 编号 ID | 经度Longitude | 纬度Latitude | 编号 ID | 经度Longitude | 纬度Latitude | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 124.88° | 47.09° | 7 | 125.02° | 48.75° | 13 | 126.14° | 47.80° | 19 | 126.57° | 45.59° | 25 | 125.12° | 43.57° | ||||
2 | 125.15° | 47.33° | 8 | 125.31° | 49.18° | 14 | 125.92° | 47.10° | 20 | 126.31° | 45.31° | 26 | 124.88° | 43.57° | ||||
3 | 125.33° | 47.61° | 9 | 125.86° | 49.04° | 15 | 126.07° | 46.73° | 21 | 126.18° | 44.05° | 27 | 124.80° | 43.47° | ||||
4 | 125.13° | 48.01° | 10 | 126.12° | 48.68° | 16 | 126.25° | 46.43° | 22 | 126.05° | 44.92° | 28 | 124.57° | 43.32° | ||||
5 | 124.96° | 48.22° | 11 | 126.48° | 48.26° | 17 | 126.27° | 46.07° | 23 | 125.87° | 44.62° | 29 | 124.07° | 43.24° | ||||
6 | 124.97° | 48.59° | 12 | 126.25° | 47.98° | 18 | 126.33° | 46.07° | 24 | 125.58° | 44.32° | 30 | 123.85° | 42.99° |
表2
研究区土壤肥力指标的描述性统计"
土壤肥力指标 Soil fertility index | 最小值 MIN | 最大值 MAX | 平均值 MN | 标准差 SD | 变异系数 CV (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
有机质Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 10.00 | 61.61 | 30.54 | 11.82 | 38.72 |
pH | 4.67 | 7.76 | 6.15 | 0.68 | 11.11 |
碱解氮Alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 15.05 | 292.52 | 114.81 | 80.44 | 70.06 |
全钾Total K (g·kg-1) | 11.38 | 52.55 | 29.43 | 15.59 | 52.95 |
全磷Total P (g·kg-1) | 0.30 | 1.11 | 0.63 | 0.21 | 33.96 |
速效钾Available K (mg·kg-1) | 17.89 | 150.03 | 74.77 | 37.28 | 49.86 |
速效磷Available P (mg·kg-1) | 0.62 | 86.39 | 33.22 | 25.65 | 77.21 |
容重Bulk density (g·cm-3) | 0.89 | 1.29 | 1.09 | 0.10 | 9.32 |
大微团聚体质量比Mass ratio of macro- and micro-aggregates | 4.59 | 60.63 | 21.22 | 13.73 | 64.71 |
含水量Water content (%) | 14.37 | 31.05 | 20.31 | 0.04 | 21.10 |
温度Temperature (℃) | 8.37 | 16.43 | 12.47 | 1.91 | 15.31 |
图3
研究区土壤肥力指标的冗余分析 OM:有机质Organic matter,AN:碱解氮Alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen,TK:全钾Total K,TP:全磷Total P,速效钾:Available K,AP:速效磷Available P,BD:容重Bulk density,AR:大微团聚体质量比Mass ratio of macro- and micro-aggregates,WC:含水量Water content,pH:酸碱度,Laititude:纬度,Tem:温度 Temperature,n=30(每个样点3次重复 3 replications for each sampling point)。下同 The same as below"
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