褐藻寡糖缓解烟草莠去津药害的效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究褐藻寡糖缓解烟草莠去津农药残留的功能与途径，开发褐藻寡糖作为生物刺激素的新用途，验证其在作物保护领域的潜力，丰富绿色农业技术手段。【方法】试验于2025年3—6月在山东省青岛市中国农业科学院烟草研究所即墨实验基地进行。以对农药莠去津高度敏感的云烟87品种作为试验材料，采用盆栽方式进行试验。分别设置3个处理：莠去津+清水（T1）、莠去津+褐藻寡糖（T2）、清水处理（CK），设置莠去津土壤中残留量为3.35×10^-3mg·kg^-1、褐藻寡糖浓度为200 mg·L^-1，移栽后7、14、28 d统计其农艺性状，计算农药抑制率，并收集处理28 d时叶片、根际土进行转录组以及根际微生物群落分析。【结果】200 mg·L^-1褐藻寡糖可以缓解莠去津对烟草生长造成的抑制。在植物性状方面，处理7、14、28 d莠去津+褐藻寡糖（T2）叶长、叶宽、根长、株重等主要农艺性状高于或显著高于莠去津+清水（T1）处理组；且褐藻寡糖处理提高了叶片光合速率，缓解了莠去津对烟草根系发育的抑制；烟草转录组分析表明，与莠去津+清水（T1）处理组相比，褐藻寡糖处理后有6 784个基因上调表达，5 792个基因下调表达，KEGG分析得出17条代谢通路显著富集，其中富集因子最高的为光合作用-天线蛋白的代谢途径，与生理生化测定结果高度一致；在根际微生物方面，褐藻寡糖处理提高了土壤根际微生物群落的丰富度与多样性，改变了微生物群落结构，其中具有促生功能的假双斧状菌属（Pseudolabrys）及农药降解功能的黄色土壤杆菌属（Flavisolibacter）等属显著富集。【结论】褐藻寡糖作为一种生物刺激素能够有效缓解莠去津残留引起的药害，其潜在作用机制主要体现在3个层面：缓解莠去津对烟草形态结构的抑制；通过上调光合作用-天线蛋白通路基因的表达来增强植物光合作用效率；调控根际微环境诱导有益微生物的定向富集。

关键词: 褐藻寡糖, 烟草, 莠去津, 农药残留

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to explore the function and pathway of alginate oligosaccharides in alleviating atrazine pesticide residues in tobacco, develop new uses of alginate oligosaccharides as biostimulants, verify its potential in the field of crop protection, and to enrich green agricultural techniques. 【Method】This experiment was carried out at Jimo Experimental Base of Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, from March to June 2025. A pot experiment was conducted using the atrazine-sensitive tobacco cultivar YunYan 87 as the test material. Three treatments were established: atrazine + water (T1), atrazine + alginate oligosaccharides (T2), and an untreated control (CK). Atrazine was applied at a concentration of 3.35×10^-3mg·kg^-1, while alginate oligosaccharides were 200 mg·L^-1. Agronomic traits were recorded at 7, 14, and 28 d after treatment, and inhibition rates were calculated. In addition, leaf and rhizosphere soil samples were collected at 28 d for transcriptome and rhizosphere microbial community analyses.【Result】The results showed that 200 mg·L^-1 alginate oligosaccharides could alleviate the inhibition of atrazine on tobacco growth: treatment for 7, 14, 28 d, the leaf length, leaf width, root length and plant weight of atrazine + alginate oligosaccharides (T2) were higher or significantly higher than those of atrazine + water (T1) treatment group. Moreover, after treatment with alginate oligosaccharides (T2), the photosynthetic rate of leaves was increased and the inhibition of atrazine on tobacco root development was alleviated. Compared with the atrazine + water (T1) treatment group, 6 784 genes were up-regulated and 5 792 genes were down-regulated after alginate oligosaccharides (T2) treatment. KEGG analysis showed that 17 metabolic pathways were significantly enriched. Among them, the highest enrichment factor was the metabolic pathway of photosynthesis-antenna proteins. The results were highly consistent with the physiological and biochemical determination results. In terms of rhizosphere microorganisms, alginate oligosaccharides treatment increased the richness and diversity of soil rhizosphere microbial communities, the microbial community structure was changed. Among them, Pseudolabrys with growth-promoting function and Flavisolibacter with pesticide degradation function were significantly enriched.【Conclusion】As a biostimulant, alginate oligosaccharide can effectively alleviate the phytotoxicity caused by atrazine residues. Its potential mechanism of action is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: alleviating the inhibition of atrazine on the morphological structure of tobacco; enhancing plant photosynthesis efficiency by up-regulating the expression of photosynthesis-antenna protein pathway genes; regulating the rhizosphere microenvironment to induce the directional enrichment of beneficial microorganisms.

Key words: alginate oligosaccharides, tobacco, atrazine, pesticide residue

杨柯昕, 张勇, 李艳秀, 谢思遥, 薛博, 杨少杰, 宋德伟, 马强, 邹平, 李杨, 马斯琦, 荆常亮. 褐藻寡糖缓解烟草莠去津药害的效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(1): 101-113.

YANG KeXin, ZHANG Yong, LI YanXiu, XIE SiYao, XUE Bo, YANG ShaoJie, SONG DeWei, MA Qiang, ZOU Ping, LI Yang, MA SiQi, JING ChangLiang. Effects of Alginate Oligosaccharides on Alleviating Atrazine Phytotoxicity in Tobacco[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(1): 101-113.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.01.008

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2026/V59/I1/101

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编号 Numbering	处理 Treatment
CK	清水Water
T1	莠去津Atrazine+清水Water
T2	莠去津Atrazine+褐藻寡糖Alginate oligosaccharides

指标 Indicator	处理Treatment	7 d	14 d	28 d
叶长 Leaf length	T1	18.94	27.07	41.19
叶长 Leaf length	T2	10.07	14.27	23.34
叶宽 Leaf width	T1	12.64	52.51	40.00
叶宽 Leaf width	T2	7.20	13.14	17.58

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 Pn (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 Ci (μmol·mol^-1)	蒸腾速率 Tr (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 Gs (mol·m^-2·s^-1)
CK	0.77±0.12b	325.60±26.14a	443.00±54.59b	0.12±0.01a
T1	0.46±0.18b	301.43±9.01a	324.30±30.95b	0.11±0a
T2	1.57±0.21a	306.07±40.32a	846.20±95.07a	0.31±0.13a

处理 Treatment	总根长 Total root length (cm)	总表面积 Total surface area (cm²)	平均直径 Average diameter (mm)	根系总体积 Root total volume (cm³)
CK	479.94±18.54a	123.08±8.42a	0.82±0.08a	2.56±0.41a
T1	121.40±18.31c	24.87±4.41c	0.65±0.03b	0.41±0.08b
T2	242.00±7.00b	46.54±2.24b	0.61±0.01b	0.71±0.05b

处理 Treatment	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao指数 Chao index	香农指数 Shannon index	覆盖率 Coverage (%)
T1	1405.95±219.31a	1394.35±213.42a	6.16±0.27a	99.87±0.12
T2	1838.62±171.67a	1818.77±163.93a	6.59±0.15a	99.79±0.09