稻蟹共生系统稻田水-土界面微生物群落结构特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.18.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】稻蟹共生是中国北方稻作区主要稻田立体生态种养模式。水-土界面是稻田系统物质循环热区。研究稻蟹共生系统水-土界面微生物群落多样性及群落结构，旨在深入了解该模式下的水土界面微生态环境演变特征，为稻蟹共生系统水体和土壤生态健康研究提供理论依据和数据支撑。【方法】在辽宁省盘锦市典型稻蟹共作区选择8个长期水稻单作系统和8个长期稻蟹共生（>20年）系统，基于稻田水土理化指标测定和16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术，比较2种水稻种植系统对稻田田面水和界面土壤（0—2 cm）理化性质与细菌群落结构的影响。【结果】（1）河蟹引入减少了水土界面特有微生物群落，田面水和界面土壤特有OTUs数量分别降低27.0%和71.2%，对田面水alpha多样性无显著影响，但显著降低了界面土壤细菌群落丰富度。（2）河蟹引入显著改变了水土界面细菌群落结构组成（P<0.05），增加了田面水变形菌门（Proteobacteria）（30.4%）的相对丰度，降低了酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）（39.9%）相对丰度；同时增加了界面土壤球菌门（Planctomycetes）（21.1%）的相对丰度，降低了绿菌门（Ignavibacteriae）（15.1%）与硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）（21.7%）的相对丰度。（3）Proteobacteria和Bacteroidetes既是2种稻田系统水土界面的核心物种，又是共现网络的关键物种，在稳定微生态网络方面发挥着重要作用。（4）河蟹引入降低了田面水细菌共现网络复杂度和稳定性，但增强了稻田界面土壤细菌共现网络复杂度和稳定性。（5）线性回归分析表明，田面水NO₃^--N浓度和界面土壤pH分别是影响田面水和界面土壤细菌群落结构多样性和稳定性的主要驱动因素。【结论】河蟹引入显著改变了稻田水土界面微生物群落结构和多样性，田面水中营养盐的增加有减弱水体微生物群落稳定性的风险，但稻蟹共生塑造了更加稳定的界面土壤细菌群落，有助于界面土壤的养分物质循环，提高作物养分利用效率。

关键词: 稻蟹共生, 田面水细菌, 界面土壤细菌, 共现网络, 理化性质

Abstract:

【Objective】 The rice-crab co-culture is a predominant three-dimensional ecological cultivation model in northern Chinese rice fields. The water-soil interface is a key area for material cycling within this system. In this paper, studying the diversity and structure of microbial communities at this interface aimed to understand its evolution and support research on the ecological health of water and soil in rice-crab co-culture systems. 【Method】 Eight long-term rice monoculture systems and eight long-term rice-crab co-culture systems (>20 years) were selected in a typical rice-crab co-cultivation area in Panjin, Liaoning province. Based on measurements of physicochemical indicators of rice field water and soil, as well as high-throughput sequencing technology of the 16S rRNA gene, the study compared the effects of two rice cultivation systems on the properties and bacterial community structures of the water-soil interface in paddy fields. 【Result】 (1) The introduction of crabs significantly reduced the unique microbial communities at the water-soil interface. Specifically, the number of unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in surface water and interfacial soil decreased by 27.0% and 71.2%, respectively. However, the introduction of crabs had no significant effect on alpha diversity in surface water, but it reduced the richness of bacterial communities in interfacial soil. (2) The introduction of crabs significantly altered the structure and composition of the water-soil interface bacterial community. The introduction of crabs significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (30.4%) and decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria (39.9%) in surface water. Simultaneously, it increased the relative abundance of Planctomycetes (21.1%) and decreased the relative abundance of Ignavibacteriae (15.1%) and Nitrospirae (21.7%) in interfacial soil. (3) Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were not only core species at the water-soil interface of rice field systems, but also key species in co-occurrence networks, playing important roles in stabilizing ecological networks. (4) The introduction of crabs into rice fields increased the complexity and stability of the bacterial co-occurrence network in the interface soil, but decreased it in the paddy field water. (5) Linear regression analysis showed that NO₃^-- N concentration in surface water and interface soil pH were the main driving factors influencing the diversity and stability of their respective bacterial community structures. 【Conclusion】 The introduction of crabs significantly altered the microbial community structure and diversity at the water-soil interface in rice fields. The increase in nutrient salts in the water posed a risk of reducing the stability of the aquatic microbial community. However, the rice-crab co-culture shaped a more stable bacterial community in the interface soil, which facilitated nutrient cycling and enhanced crop nutrient utilization efficiency.

Key words: rice-crab co-culture, surface water bacteria, interface soil bacteria, co-occurrence network, physicochemical properties

李伟晶, 王洪媛, 徐洋, 李浩, 翟丽梅, 刘宏斌. 稻蟹共生系统稻田水-土界面微生物群落结构特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(18): 3551-3567.

LI WeiJing, WANG HongYuan, XU Yang, LI Hao, ZHAI LiMei, LIU HongBin. Microbial Community Structure Characteristics at the Water-Soil Interface in Rice-Crab Co-Culture System[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(18): 3551-3567.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.18.004

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2024/V57/I18/3551

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处理 Treatment	有机碳 Organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	pH	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total P (g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total K (g·kg^-1)
RM	12.74±0.50a	8.16±0.03a	1.16±0.05a	0.54±0.07a	21.07±0.30a
RC	13.55±1.12a	8.15±0.05a	1.22±0.09a	0.51±0.06a	21.26±0.55a

	处理 Treatment	节点数 Node	边数 Link	平均度 Average degree	网络直径 Network diameter	模块化 Modularity	平均聚类系数 Average clustering coefficient	正相关 Positive edges (%)	负相关 Negative edges (%)
田面水 Surface water	WRM	610	2127	6.898	23	0.672	0.489	90.82	9.18
田面水 Surface water	WRC	74	40	1.143	2	0.970	0.694	76.92	23.08
界面土壤 Interfacial soil	RM	290	221	1.718	11	0.958	0.591	62.43	37.57
界面土壤 Interfacial soil	RC	699	1053	3.836	23	0.830	0.410	68.02	31.98