整合分析中国农田腐秆剂施用对秸秆腐解和作物产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.07.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】农田中施用腐秆剂能否有效地促进秸秆腐解和养分释放,进而提高作物产量一直存在争议。在全国尺度上,整合分析腐秆剂田间施用的秸秆促腐和作物增产效果,探明不同气候和土壤状况、秸秆特征以及还田条件下腐秆剂施用对还田秸秆降解和作物产量的影响,为科学合理地使用腐秆剂提供指导。【方法】 本研究利用整合分析的方法（meta-analysis）,系统分析了2001—2019年公开发表的腐秆剂田间应用相关研究论文（共89篇,含腐秆剂促腐秸秆数据63条、腐秆剂提高作物产量数据207条）,探讨了气候类型、还田条件、秸秆种类、还田初始碳氮比（C/N）、土壤pH和土壤有机质（SOM）含量等6方面因素对腐秆剂促腐和增产作用的影响。【结果】 研究发现,与不施腐秆剂相比,施用腐秆剂总体上可有效促进还田秸秆的降解,但在温带大陆性气候地区,秸秆还田初始C/N≤15以及土壤为中性时,腐秆剂的促腐效应却不显著,效应值的范围分别为-0.010-0.716、-0.302-0.568和-1.01-0.475;还田条件、秸秆种类和SOM含量会显著影响腐秆剂的促腐作用强度。类似地,腐秆剂的田间施用对作物产量的作用总体也表现为显著提升,但在土壤为中性时腐秆剂的增产作用并不稳定,其效应值范围为-0.284—0.751;除了还田环境、SOM含量外,其余4方面因素均会显著改变腐秆剂的增产幅度。此外,线性拟合结果显示秸秆促腐率与作物增产率之间呈现显著正相关关系（R²=0.307,P<0.0001）。【结论】 施用腐秆剂可有效促进秸秆腐解和增加作物产量,且在温带季风性气候条件下,将玉米秸秆于旱地条件下还田,在还田初始C/N大于30以及土壤呈酸或碱性时配施腐秆剂效果最佳。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 腐秆剂, 秸秆腐解, 作物产量, 整合分析

Abstract: 【Objective】 Whether the application of straw decomposing microorganism inoculum (SDMI) in cropland could significantly promote returning straw decomposition and their nutrients releasing, and thus improve crop yield is still on debate. Therefore, it is very necessary to meta-analysis the effects of the SDMI on returning straw decomposition and crop yield on a national scale, as well as explore the variation of the effect under different climates, straw characteristics and returning conditions providing guidance for SDMI application. 【Method】The meta-analysis was performed involving 63 comparisons of straw decomposition and 207 comparisons of crop yield from 89 studies during 2001 and 2009 to identify site-specific factors, including regional climates, returning conditions, straw types, initial returning carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N), soil pH, and soil organic matter (SOM). 【Result】 The results showed that SDMI application could significantly increase the decomposition rate of returning straw, except the study was designed at temperate continental climate areas (range of effect size was from -0.010 to 0.716, the same in below), or initial returning C/N was no more than 15 (-0.302 to 0.568), or tested soil was neutral (95% CI of effect size was from -1.01 to 0.475). In addition, the strength of SDMI application could be varied significantly under different returning conditions, straw types, and SOM. Similar to straw decomposition, SDMI application also could significantly increase the crop yield, except the study designed at neutral soil (-0.284 to 0.751). Regional climates, straw types, initial returning C/N, soil pH rather than returning conditions and SOM would regulate the increase rate of crop yield. Moreover, the linear fitting indicated the positive correlation between the rate of straw decomposition and crop yield (R²= 0.307, P<0.0001). 【Conclusion】 This study revealed that SDMI application in Chinese farmland could significantly promote returning straw decomposition and crop yield increasing, especially in temperate monsoon climate area with dryland, maize straw returning, initial returning C/N≥30 and acidic or alkaline soil.

Key words: straw returning, straw decomposing agent, straw decomposition, crop yield, meta-analysis

杨欣润,许邶,何治逢,吴婧,庄睿花,马超,柴如山,YusefKianpoorKalkhajeh,叶新新,朱林. 整合分析中国农田腐秆剂施用对秸秆腐解和作物产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(7): 1359-1367.

XinRun YANG,Bei XU,ZhiFeng HE,Jing WU,RuiHua ZHUANG,Chao MA,RuShan CHAI,Kianpoor Kalkhajeh Yusef,XinXin YE,Lin ZHU. Impacts of Decomposing Microorganism Inoculum on Straw Decomposition and Crop Yield in China: A Meta-Analysis[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(7): 1359-1367.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.07.006

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2020/V53/I7/1359

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气候类型<break/>Climate type	还田环境<break/>Returning condition	秸秆类型<break/>Straw type	还田初始碳氮比<break/>Initial returning C/N	土壤酸碱性<break/>Soil pH	土壤有机质<break/>Soil OM (g·kg^-1)
温带大陆气候NTC (14)	水田Paddy field (215)	玉米Maize (26)	≤15 (66)	≤6.5 (72)	≤15 (30)
温带季风气候NTM (31)	旱地<break/>Dry land (55)	小麦Wheat (65)	15-30 (70)	6.5-7.5 (35)	>15 (167)
亚热带季风气候STM (224)	旱地<break/>Dry land (55)	水稻Rice (155)	>30 (25)	>7.5 (32)	>15 (167)