施用有机肥对中国农田土壤微生物量影响的整合分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】施用有机肥能促进农田土壤微生物的生长和繁殖，进而提高土壤肥力。然而，在全国尺度上量化施用有机肥对农田土壤微生物生物量碳（SMBC）和氮（SMBN）含量的影响研究极其缺乏。因此，探明不同气候和土壤条件下有机肥施用后农田SMBC和SMBN的变化规律，可为不同地区合理施用有机肥、提高土壤肥力和微生物活性提供理论依据。【方法】本研究搜集1990年至2017年已发表的文献共70篇（336和222个相对独立的数据分别涉及SMBC和SMBN），结合整合分析（Meta分析）从不同气候类型、土地利用类型和土壤pH水平3个方面定量阐述了有机肥施用相比不施肥或化肥对中国农田SMBC和SMBN含量的影响程度。【结果】与不施肥比较，施用有机肥后土壤SMBC和SMBN的含量分别提高128.1%和70.2%；与施用化肥比较，施用有机肥后土壤SMBC和SMBN含量分别提高57.1%和34.2%。与施用化肥比较，在亚热带季风区施用有机肥可以大幅度提高SMBC（66.7%）和SMBN含量（57.5%），且显著高于温带大陆气候区（SMBC：26.0%；SMBN：20.9%），而在温带季风气候区SMBC和SMBN含量则分别提高了37.0%和56.7%。不同土地利用类型下，施用有机肥比施用化肥能显著提高水田SMBC和SMBN的含量（69.1%和67.1%），且提高幅度均高于旱地（34.7%和26.4%）和水旱轮作（50.2%和63.9%）。此外，与施用化肥比较，中性土壤（6＜pH＜8）上施用有机肥后SMBC含量提高了64.4%，显著高于pH＞8的碱性土壤和pH＜6的酸性土壤（29.4%和44.4%）；SMBN含量提高了63.7%，亦显著高于碱性和酸性土壤（分别为21.9%和45.5%）。同时，SMBC和SMBN含量分别与来自有机肥的年均碳、氮投入量呈显著正相关。【结论】施用有机肥可显著提高SMBC和SMBN的含量，但不同土地利用类型、气候类型和土壤pH下的提升幅度不同，因此，施用有机肥时应综合考虑不同地区的气候和土壤条件。

关键词: 有机肥, 土壤微生物生物量碳, 土壤微生物生物量氮, 气候类型, 土壤利用类型, 土壤pH, 整合分析

Abstract: 【Objective】Application of organic manure can promote soil microorganisms growth and improve soil fertility. However, very rare studies were conducted to quantify the effects of manure application on soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and nitrogen (SMBN) in croplands at national scale. Therefore, quantifying the effects of manure application on the contents of SMBC and SMBN under different climate regions and soil conditions is important to provide theoretical basis for reasonably applying manure, so as to enhancing of soil fertility and microbial activities for China’s croplands. 【Method】In current study, all of 70 literatures, including application of impacts on the contents of SMBC and SMBN in croplands in China during 1990 and 2017, were collected (336 for SMBC and 222 data for SMBN from individual study). The meta-analysis was used to quantify the magnitude of manure application impacts on the contents of SMBC and SMBN at three aspects: Climatic regions, land use types and soil pH levels.【Result】At national scale, the contents of SMBC and SMBN in manure applied soils were significantly increased by 128.1% and 70.2% when compared with no fertilizer (CK), respectively, while those were increased by 57.1% and 34.2% when compared with mineral fertilizer (NPK), respectively. The increments of SMBC and SMBN contents improved by manure in subtropical monsoon climate (66.7% and 57.5%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in temperate continental climate (26.0% and 20.9%, respectively) and temperate monsoon climate (37.0% and 56.7%, respectively) compared with NPK. Furthermore, manure application could significantly increase the contents of SMBC and SMBN in paddy soils (69.1% and 67.1%, respectively) compared with NPK, which were higher than those in upland (34.7% and 26.4%, respectively) and upland-paddy soils (50.2% and 63.9%, respectively). For the neutral soils (6＜pH＜8), the increment of SMBC and SMBN contents by 64.4% and 63.7% in the treatment with manure applied were higher than those in the alkaline (pH＞8, 29.4% and 21.9%) and acidic soils (pH＜6, 44.4% and 45.5%) compared with NPK, respectively. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that the contents of SMBC and SMBN were positively correlated with annual carbon and nitrogen input from manure, respectively. 【Conclusion】Overall, the application of manure can dramatically improve the contents of SMBC and SMBN, indicating manure supplementation provided sufficient carbon and nitrogen for microbial growth and reproduction, and nutrient retention. Nevertheless, the effect of manure application on the contents of SMBC and SMBN relative to CK and NPK were significant different among climatic regions, land use types and soil pH levels. Therefore, climate types and soil conditions should be taken into consideration for applying manure in different regions in China.

Key words: manure, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial biomass nitrogen, climatic regions, land use types, soil pH levels, Meta-analysis

任凤玲，张旭博，孙楠，徐明岗，柳开楼. 施用有机肥对中国农田土壤微生物量影响的整合分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(1): 119-128.

REN FengLing, ZHANG XuBo, SUN Nan, XU MingGang, LIU KaiLou. A Meta-Analysis of Manure Application Impact on Soil Microbial Biomass Across China’s Croplands[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(1): 119-128.

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