中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (17): 2983-2996.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.17.007

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

施用有机肥对我国作物氮肥利用率影响的整合分析

任科宇1,段英华1(),徐明岗1,张旭博2()   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081
    2 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-18 接受日期:2019-05-07 出版日期:2019-09-01 发布日期:2019-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 段英华,张旭博
  • 作者简介:任科宇,E-mail:1173557108@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200301);国家自然科学基金项目(41471247);北京市自然科学基金(6142018);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金(Y412201405)

Effect of Manure Application on Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Crops in China: A Meta-Analysis

REN KeYu1,DUAN YingHua1(),XU MingGang1,ZHANG XuBo2()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081
    2 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Beijing 100101
  • Received:2019-03-18 Accepted:2019-05-07 Online:2019-09-01 Published:2019-09-10
  • Contact: YingHua DUAN,XuBo ZHANG

摘要:

【目的】化肥配施有机肥是提高作物氮肥利用率(NUE)的重要措施之一。但由于作物的氮肥利用率受到施氮量、土壤性质和气候条件等因素的影响,且多数研究只在某一特定区域或条件下进行,对于全国不同区域施用有机肥对氮肥利用率影响的研究缺乏系统分析和比较。因此,探明化肥配施有机肥对氮肥利用率的影响,量化不同土壤和气候条件下氮肥利用率对有机肥施用的响应,可指导区域性的有机肥施用,为化肥减施增效提供重要的理论依据。【方法】本研究收集了公开发表的文献110篇,建立了412组包含化肥配施有机肥(NPKM)和单施化肥(NPK)处理的氮肥利用率的数据库。采用整合分析(Meta-analysis)和随机森林(Random Forest)方法分析了全国不同区域的氮肥利用率在NPK和NPKM处理下的差异,定量化了施氮量、土壤性质和气候条件等因素对有机肥正效应的贡献率。【结果】全国来说,相比NPK,NPKM处理下氮肥利用率提高了3.6个百分点。除东北地区外,在其他地区NPKM均显著提高了氮肥利用率,提高幅度依次为西北>华北>南方>华东。土壤性状中影响有机肥“增效”作用的主要因素是有机质、pH、速效钾和全氮含量,其中土壤有机质含量越低,配施有机肥后氮肥利用率的提高幅度越大;在碱性土壤上配施有机肥对氮肥利用率的提高幅度分别是中性土壤和酸性土壤的1.3和1.8倍。另外,不同气候类型下配施有机肥对氮肥利用率的提高幅度存在差异,表现为温带大陆性气候区>温带季风性气候区>亚热带季风性气候区。【结论】施用有机肥可显著提高作物的氮肥利用率,且在有机质含量较低、降雨量较少的西北地区配施有机肥后氮肥利用率的提高幅度最大。

关键词: 氮肥利用率, 有机肥, 施氮量, 土壤性质, 气候, 区域差异, 整合分析

Abstract:

【Objective】 Combined chemical fertilizers with manure is one of the important approaches to improve the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops. Nowadays, rare studies focused on systematic comparison and analysis of combine chemical fertilizers with manure on nitrogen use efficiency in different regions of China. In addition, NUE is affected by many factors, such as nitrogen application amount, soil properties and the climatic conditions and even most of them are in the specific regions. Therefore, this study was carried out to explore the effects of chemical fertilizers combined with manure on NUE, and quantify the response of NUE to manure application in different soils and climatic regions, so as to give the guidance on sustaining regional agricultural development and provide an important theoretical basis for reducing fertilizer application. 【Method】 This study was conducted based on a database of NUE including 412 sets on NPKM vs. NPK, which were collected from 110 published articles with wheat, maize and rice. We analyzed the differences of NUE between the treatment of NPK and NPKM in five regions in China by Meta-analysis, and quantified the contribution of main controlling factors on positive manure affects by Random Forest analysis. 【Result】 Compared with NPK, NPKM treatment increased the NUE by 3.6%. NPKM treatment significantly increased the NUE of crops in all regions except the Northeast China. The highest enhancement was found at Northwestern China, followed by Northern China, Southern Region and Eastern China. Soil organic matter, pH, available potassium and total nitrogen were the main factors affecting the “positive effect” of manure on NUE. The increment of NUE by manure application was higher in the soils with lower organic matter content than that in the soils with high organic matter content. The increase of NUE in alkaline soils with manure applied was 1.3 and 1.8 times higher than those on neutral and acidic soils, respectively. The improvement of NUE by manure application varied among climate regions: temperate continental climate zone>temperate monsoon climate zone>subtropical monsoon climate zone. 【Conclusion】 The application of manure could significantly increase the NUE of crops, especially in northwestern areas with low organic matter content and less rainfall.

Key words: nitrogen use efficiency, manure, nitrogen application rate, soil properties, climate, regional differences, Meta- analysis