中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (17): 2983-2996.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.17.007
收稿日期:
2019-03-18
接受日期:
2019-05-07
出版日期:
2019-09-01
发布日期:
2019-09-10
通讯作者:
段英华,张旭博
作者简介:
任科宇,E-mail:1173557108@qq.com。
基金资助:
REN KeYu1,DUAN YingHua1(),XU MingGang1,ZHANG XuBo2()
Received:
2019-03-18
Accepted:
2019-05-07
Online:
2019-09-01
Published:
2019-09-10
Contact:
YingHua DUAN,XuBo ZHANG
摘要:
【目的】化肥配施有机肥是提高作物氮肥利用率(NUE)的重要措施之一。但由于作物的氮肥利用率受到施氮量、土壤性质和气候条件等因素的影响,且多数研究只在某一特定区域或条件下进行,对于全国不同区域施用有机肥对氮肥利用率影响的研究缺乏系统分析和比较。因此,探明化肥配施有机肥对氮肥利用率的影响,量化不同土壤和气候条件下氮肥利用率对有机肥施用的响应,可指导区域性的有机肥施用,为化肥减施增效提供重要的理论依据。【方法】本研究收集了公开发表的文献110篇,建立了412组包含化肥配施有机肥(NPKM)和单施化肥(NPK)处理的氮肥利用率的数据库。采用整合分析(Meta-analysis)和随机森林(Random Forest)方法分析了全国不同区域的氮肥利用率在NPK和NPKM处理下的差异,定量化了施氮量、土壤性质和气候条件等因素对有机肥正效应的贡献率。【结果】全国来说,相比NPK,NPKM处理下氮肥利用率提高了3.6个百分点。除东北地区外,在其他地区NPKM均显著提高了氮肥利用率,提高幅度依次为西北>华北>南方>华东。土壤性状中影响有机肥“增效”作用的主要因素是有机质、pH、速效钾和全氮含量,其中土壤有机质含量越低,配施有机肥后氮肥利用率的提高幅度越大;在碱性土壤上配施有机肥对氮肥利用率的提高幅度分别是中性土壤和酸性土壤的1.3和1.8倍。另外,不同气候类型下配施有机肥对氮肥利用率的提高幅度存在差异,表现为温带大陆性气候区>温带季风性气候区>亚热带季风性气候区。【结论】施用有机肥可显著提高作物的氮肥利用率,且在有机质含量较低、降雨量较少的西北地区配施有机肥后氮肥利用率的提高幅度最大。
任科宇,段英华,徐明岗,张旭博. 施用有机肥对我国作物氮肥利用率影响的整合分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(17): 2983-2996.
REN KeYu,DUAN YingHua,XU MingGang,ZHANG XuBo. Effect of Manure Application on Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Crops in China: A Meta-Analysis[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(17): 2983-2996.
表1
研究获取的文献数、试验点位分布"
处理 Treatment | 筛选后文献数Article number | 试验点分布 Distribution of test point | |
---|---|---|---|
地区 Region | 省(市)(试验点个数) Provinces and cities (number of test sites) | ||
NPKM&NPK | 110篇 | 东北地区(11)Northeast | 黑龙江省Heilongjiang(4)、吉林省Jilin(6)、内蒙古Inner Mongolia(1) |
华北地区(13) North China | 北京市Beijing(2)、河北省Hebei(4)、河南省Henan(3)、山西省Shanxi(1)、天津市Tianjin(3) | ||
华东地区(40) East China | 安徽省Anhui(3)、江苏省Jiangsu(19)、江西省Jiangxi(5)、山东省Shandong(10)、浙江省Zhejiang(3) | ||
西北地区(14)Northwest | 甘肃省Gansu(4)、宁夏Ningxia(2)、陕西省Shaanxi(7)、新疆Xinjiang(1) | ||
南方(32) Southern | 四川省Sichuan(1)、广西省Guangxi(2)、贵州省Guizhou(2)、湖北省Hubei(7)、湖南省Hunan(16)、重庆市Chongqing(4) |
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