行距和播种量对高寒区老芒麦生长和产草量的影响及综合分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.14.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (14): 2744-2754.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.14.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

行距和播种量对高寒区老芒麦生长和产草量的影响及综合分析

刘启林¹^,²(), 王小军¹, 王金兰², 刘文辉¹, 马金秀³, 李俄仁措⁴, 李文¹()

¹ 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院/青海省畜牧兽医科学院/青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室，西宁 810016
² 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室，西宁 810016
³ 青海雪峰牦牛乳业有限公司，青海共和 811800
⁴ 青海省三江集团有限责任公司，西宁 810016

收稿日期:2024-01-25 接受日期:2024-04-21 出版日期:2024-07-16 发布日期:2024-07-24
通信作者:
李文，E-mail：lw@qhu.edu.cn
联系方式: 刘启林，E-mail：1550778042@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1602307); 国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34)

Effects of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Growth and Forage Yield of Elymus Sibiricus and Comprehensive Analysis in Alpine Region

LIU QiLin¹^,²(), WANG XiaoJun¹, WANG JinLan², LIU WenHui¹, MA JinXiu³, LI ERenCuo⁴, LI Wen¹()

¹ Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine/Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine/Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Xining 810016
² State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016
³ Qinghai Xuefeng Yak Dairy Industry Company Limited, Gonghe 811800, Qinghai
⁴ Qinghai Province Sanjiang Technology Company Limited, Xining 810016

Received:2024-01-25 Accepted:2024-04-21 Published:2024-07-16 Online:2024-07-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】为探讨不同行距和播种量对高寒区老芒麦饲草产量的影响，筛选出适宜青藏高原地区老芒麦饲草生产的最佳种植行距和播种量，并揭示种植行距和播种量对老芒麦饲草产量的影响过程及其路径系数，从而为青藏高原地区饲草高效生产提供数据支撑。【方法】以青牧1号老芒麦（Elymus sibiricus cv. Qingmu No. 1）和青牧2号老芒麦（Elymus sibiricus cv. Qingmu No. 2）为材料，采用双因素裂区试验设计，主因素为3个行距，分别为R₁：15 cm、R₂：30 cm、R₃：45 cm；副因素为3个播种量，分别为S₁：15.0 kg·hm^-2、S₂：22.5 kg·hm^-2、S₃：30.0 kg·hm^-2。9个处理，3次重复，各品种27个小区，共54个小区，小区面积15m²（3 m×5 m），采用随机区组排列。大田试验于2022—2023年在青海省共和县开展。分析不同行距和播种量处理对老芒麦农艺性状、饲草产量及经济效益的影响，并采用结构方程模型探讨行距和播种量对老芒麦饲草产量的影响过程及其路径系数。【结果】行距和播种量均对茎粗、生殖枝数、分蘖数、茎叶比和饲草产量有极显著影响。在同一行距下，青牧1号和青牧2号的株高和茎粗随播种量的增加而降低，分蘖数和生殖枝数随播种量的增加呈先增后降的变化趋势；在同一播种量下，青牧1号和青牧2号的株高、茎粗、茎叶比和干鲜比随行距的增加而增加，分蘖数和生殖枝数随行距的增加而降低。在行距15 cm、播种量22.5 kg·hm^-2时，青牧1号和青牧2号的饲草产量及经济效益均最大，青牧1号饲草产量为12 668.16 kg·hm^-2，经济效益为13 731.97 元/hm²；青牧2号饲草产量为12 180.94 kg·hm^-2，经济效益为13 064.03 元/hm²。皮尔森相关性分析表明饲草产量与分蘖数和生殖枝数显著正相关。结构方程模型表明，行距和播种量主要通过影响老芒麦的分蘖来影响饲草产量。【结论】 TOPSIS-多准则决策模型分析表明，行距15 cm，播种量22.5 kg·hm^-2不但可显著提高饲草产量，还可获取最高经济效益，是适宜于研究区及类似高寒区黑钙土上老芒麦饲草生产的最佳种植行距和播种量。

关键词: 老芒麦, 行距, 播种量, 饲草产量, 经济效益

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of row spacing and seeding rate on forage yield of Elymus sibiricus (E. sibiricus) in alpine region, further to screen out the optimum planting row spacing and seeding rate for forage production of E. sibiricus in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and to reveal the influence process and path coefficient of planting row spacing and seeding rate on forage yield of E. sibiricus, and hence, so as to provide the data support for efficient forage production in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 【Method】 In this study, E. sibiricus cv. Qingmu No. 1 and E. sibiricus cv. Qingmu No. 2 were selected as experimental material, and the two-factor split zone experimental design was adopted. Three row spacings were set as the main factors, including R₁: 15 cm, R₂: 30 cm, and R₃: 45 cm, respectively, and three seeding rates (S₁: 15.0 kg·hm^-2, S₂: 22.5 kg·hm^-2, and S₃: 30.0 kg·hm^-2) were used as secondary factors. And thus, there were 9 treatments, 3 repetitions, 27 plots of each variety, and a total of 54 plots with each area 15 m²(3 m ×5 m), which was carried out in Gonghe County, Qinghai Province in 2022-2023. Random block arrangement was used to analyze the effects of different row spacings and seeding rates on growth character, forage yield and economic benefit of E. sibiricus, and the structural equation model was performed to study the influence process of row spacing and seeding rate on forage yield of E. sibiricus and its path coefficient. 【Result】 Both row spacing and seeding rate had significant effects on stem diameter, tillers, fertile tillers per, stem-leaf ratio and forage yield of Qingmu No. 1 and Qingmu No. 2. Under the same row spacing, the plant height and stem diameter of Qingmu No. 1 and Qingmu No. 2 decreased with the increasing of seeding rates, tillers and fertile tillers increased first and then decreased with the increasing of seeding rates. Under the same seeding rates, the plant height, stem diameter and dry- fresh ratio of Qingmu No. 1 and Qingmu No. 2 increased with the increasing of row spacing, and the tillers and fertile tillers decreased with the increasing of row spacing. Hence, the row spacing was 15 cm and the seeding rate was 22.5 kg·hm^-2, the forage yield and economic benefit of Qingmu No. 1 and Qingmu No. 2 were the highest, the forage yield of Qingmu No.1 was 12 668.16 kg·hm^-2, and the economic benefit was 13 731.97 yuan·hm^-2. The forage yield of Qingmu No. 2 was 12 180.94 kg·hm^-2, and the economic benefit was 13 064.03 yuan·hm^-2. Pearson correlation analysis showed that forage yield was positively correlated with tillers and fertile tillers. The structural equation model showed that tillering was the primary driving factor for improving the forage yield of E. sibiricus under row spacing and seeding rate. 【Conclusion】 The comprehensive evaluation of TOPSIS model showed that the row spacing was 15 cm and the seeding rate was 22.5 kg·hm^-2, which could not only maintain higher forage yield, but also significantly improve economic benefits, so it was the best row spacing and seeding rate amount, which was suitable for the forage production of E. sibiricus in chernozem of alpine region.

Key words: Elymus sibiricus, row spacing, seeding rate, forage yield, economic benefits

刘启林, 王小军, 王金兰, 刘文辉, 马金秀, 李俄仁措, 李文. 行距和播种量对高寒区老芒麦生长和产草量的影响及综合分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(14): 2744-2754.

LIU QiLin, WANG XiaoJun, WANG JinLan, LIU WenHui, MA JinXiu, LI ERenCuo, LI Wen. Effects of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Growth and Forage Yield of Elymus Sibiricus and Comprehensive Analysis in Alpine Region[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(14): 2744-2754.

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	处理 Treatment	青牧1号老芒麦 E. sibiricus cv. Qingmu No. 1		青牧2号老芒麦 E. sibiricus cv. Qingmu No. 2
	处理 Treatment	F	P	F	P
株高 Plant height	行距 Row	0.576	0.563	4.680	0.011
	播种量 Seeding	11.447	0.000	8.560	0.000
	行距×播种量 Row×Seeding	0.131	0.971	1.360	0.253
茎粗 Stem diameter	行距 Row	11.767	0.000	129.360	0.000
	播种量 Seeding	7.884	0.001	353.500	0.000
	行距×播种量 Row×Seeding	0.267	0.898	55.040	0.000
分蘖数 Tillers	行距 Row	312.850	0.000	221.830	0.000
	播种量 Seeding	12.280	0.000	13.290	0.000
	行距×播种量 Row×Seeding	2.450	0.083	1.420	0.268
生殖枝数 Fertile tillers per	行距 Row	75.100	0.000	875.910	0.000
	播种量 Seeding	13.190	0.000	20.460	0.000
	行距×播种量 Row×Seeding	3.280	0.034	1.940	0.148
茎叶比 Stem-leaf ratio	行距 Row	7.298	0.001	806.940	0.000
	播种量 Seeding	9.259	0.000	40.040	0.000
	行距×播种量 Row×Seeding	0.073	0.990	7.700	0.000
干鲜比 Dry-fresh ratio	行距 Row	11.780	0.000	19.840	0.000
	播种量 Seeding	2.993	0.053	3.160	0.045
	行距×播种量 Row×Seeding	0.225	0.924	1.150	0.333
饲草产量 Forage yield	行距 Row	31.402	0.000	19.490	0.000
	播种量 Seeding	17.310	0.000	12.140	0.000
	行距×播种量 Row×Seeding	0.261	0.899	1.870	0.159

行距和播种量对高寒区老芒麦生长和产草量的影响及综合分析

Effects of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Growth and Forage Yield of Elymus Sibiricus and Comprehensive Analysis in Alpine Region

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