不同间作方式对凉粉草品质及根际土壤特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.14.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探析间作对凉粉草（Mesona chinesis）品质的影响及其作用机制，为凉粉草的高质量栽培技术开发提供理论依据。【方法】通过田间随机区组试验，设置大豆/凉粉草/玉米间作（S/M/C）和大豆/凉粉草间作（S/M）两种间作模式，并以单独种植凉粉草（M）为对照，比较不同种植模式对凉粉草品质及其根际土壤特性的影响。【结果】相比于单独种植凉粉草，S/M/C间作模式和S/M间作有利于促进凉粉草叶片和茎中的钙（Ca，叶中增加11.36%—24.20%，茎中增加33.44%—38.16%）、镁（Mg，叶增加34.41%—52.00%、茎增加15.20%—91.99%）、铁（Fe，叶中增加15.21%—15.46%）、铜（Cu，茎增加17.19%—30.73%）等元素积累。S/M/C间作时，凉粉草茎部总黄酮含量增加44.42%。两种间作显著降低了凉粉草根际土壤全氮（TN）、碱解氮（AHN）、速效钾（AK）等养分含量，显著改善了凉粉草土壤pH（M模式4.82，S/M模式5.22，S/M/C模式5.51），而pH是本研究中驱动细菌群落结构改变最重要的土壤因子。S/M/C处理显著提高凉粉草根际土壤的细菌多样性，两种间作均显著提高优势菌属芽孢杆菌（Bacillus）的相对丰度：由M模式下的3.24%分别增加至S/M模式下的5.28%和S/M/C模式下的8.09%。此外，S/M/C间作时，凉粉草根际土壤招募更多的蛭弧菌门（Bdellovibrionota）、Dependentiae、WS2等菌门及甲基孢囊菌属（Methylocystis）等菌属。【结论】大豆/凉粉草/玉米间作（S/M/C）可促进凉粉草营养元素和总黄酮等活性成分积累，有利于其品质提升。土壤pH的改善可能是S/M/C模式驱动土壤细菌多样性提高、群落结构变化的最主要因素。凉粉草根际土壤中特定细菌在S/M/C模式下的富集有利于凉粉草种植土壤的生物学特性的改善。因此，S/M/C等合理间作是实现凉粉草高质量种植的有效措施。

关键词: 间作, 凉粉草, 品质, 土壤养分, 细菌多样性

Abstract:

【Objective】 Exploring the impact of intercropping on the quality of Mesona chinensis and its mechanism of action, providing a theoretical basis for the development of high-quality cultivation techniques for Mesona chinensis. 【Method】 A field randomized block experiment was conducted, including three cropping systems, such as soybean/Mesona chinesi/corn intercropping (S/M/C), soybean/Mesona chinesi intercropping (S/M), and Mesona chinesi monoculture (M). The effects of different intercropping systems on the quality of Mesona chinensis and its rhizosphere soil characteristics were analyzed. 【Result】 The S/M/C and S/M intercropping were beneficial for promoting the accumulation of trace elements in Mesona chinensis leaves and stems, such as Ca (11.36%-24.20% in leaves and 33.44%-38.16% in stems), Mg (34.41%-52.00% in leaves and 15.20%-91.99% in stems), Fe (15.21%-15.46% in leaves), and Cu (17.19%-30.73% in stems). The S/M/C intercropping significantly increased the flavonoid content in the stems of Mesona chinensis by 44.42%. The two intercropping systems significantly reduced the nutrient contents of total nitrogen (TN), alkaline nitrogen (AHN), and available potassium (AK) in the rhizosphere soil of Mesona chinensis, which significantly improved the soil pH (4.82 in M, 5.22 in S/M, and 5.51 in S/M/C). However, pH was the most important soil factor driving changes in bacterial community structure in this study. The S/M/C intercropping significantly improved the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere soil of Mesona chinensis. The two intercropping systems significantly increased the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial genus Bacillus, from 3.24% (M) to 5.28% (S/M) and 8.09% (S/M/C), respectively. In addition, the S/M/C intercropping promoted the recruitment of more bacterial phyla, such as Bdellovibrionota, Dependentiae, WS2, as well as bacterial genera such as Metrocystis in the rhizosphere soil of Mesona chinensis.【Conclusion】 The S/M/C intercropping could promote the accumulation of flavonoids in Mesona chinensis, which was beneficial for improving its quality. The improvement of soil pH might be the main factor driving the change of soil bacterial diversity and community structure in the S/M/C intercropping. The enrichment of specific bacterial phyla and genera in the rhizosphere soil of Mesona chinensis in S/M/C intercropping were beneficial for improving the biological characteristics of soil. Therefore, the reasonable intercropping such as S/M/C was an effective measure to achieve high-quality cultivation of Mesona chinensis.

Key words: intercropping, Mesona chinesis, quality, soil nutrients, bacterial diversity

苏海兰, 朱雁鸣, 陈宏, 牛雨晴, 郑梅霞, 朱育菁. 不同间作方式对凉粉草品质及根际土壤特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(14): 2755-2770.

SU HaiLan, ZHU YanMing, CHEN Hong, NIU YuQing, ZHENG MeiXia, ZHU YuJing. Effects of Different Intercropping Methods on Mesona Chinesis Quality and Its Rhizosphere Soil Characteristic[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(14): 2755-2770.

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