黄土高原旱地小麦籽粒锌含量及分布对锌肥的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.11.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 2176-2188.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.11.010

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

黄土高原旱地小麦籽粒锌含量及分布对锌肥的响应

丁玉兰¹(), 黄翠¹, 王星舒¹, 张学美¹, 徐隽峰¹, 黄宁¹, 党海燕¹, 郭子糠¹, 孙蕊卿¹, 王朝辉¹^,²()

¹ 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
² 西北农林科技大学作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2023-07-26 接受日期:2023-10-06 出版日期:2024-06-01 发布日期:2024-06-07
通信作者:
王朝辉，E-mail：w-zhaohui@263.net
联系方式: 丁玉兰，E-mail：2830709758@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3)

Response of Zinc Concentration and Distribution in Wheat Grain to Soil Zinc Fertilization in Dryland of Loess Plateau

DING YuLan¹(), HUANG Cui¹, WANG XingShu¹, ZHANG XueMei¹, XU JunFeng¹, HUANG Ning¹, DANG HaiYan¹, GUO ZiKang¹, SUN RuiQing¹, WANG ZhaoHui¹^,²()

¹ College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
² State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi

Received:2023-07-26 Accepted:2023-10-06 Published:2024-06-01 Online:2024-06-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确施锌肥引起的土壤有效锌、小麦产量和籽粒锌含量的变化，为优化小麦锌营养强化技术提供重要依据。【方法】基于2017年在黄土高原旱地石灰性土壤上开始的定位试验，于2020—2021年和2021—2022年两个小麦生长期取样，研究锌肥用量对土壤有效锌、小麦产量、产量构成、籽粒及其不同部位锌吸收分配的影响。【结果】施用锌肥对小麦产量及产量构成要素无显著影响，但籽粒锌含量提高28.8%—46.0%，在施锌24.9 kg·hm^-2时，籽粒锌含量最高达31.1 mg·kg^-1；麸皮和面粉锌含量分别提高31.8%—58.8%、26.3%—41.3%，施锌27.3 kg·hm^-2时，麸皮锌含量最高，达87.6 mg·kg^-1；施锌24.0 kg·hm^-2时，面粉锌含量最高，达11.3 mg·kg^-1。在籽粒中，锌主要分配在麸皮，占77.7%—80.0%，平均锌含量78.9 mg·kg^-1；面粉占20.0%—22.3%，平均锌含量10.8 mg·kg^-1。施锌提高了麸皮和面粉的锌含量，麸皮锌含量增幅高于面粉。0—20和20—40 cm土层土壤有效锌含量分别提高235.2%—1233.8%和207.4%—825.9%，在最高施锌量27.3 kg·hm^-2时，土壤有效锌含量分别达9.47和2.50 mg·kg^-1。0—100 cm不同土层有效锌对小麦锌吸收的贡献存在差异，表层土壤对籽粒锌含量提高的作用显著高于深层土壤。【结论】在黄土高原旱地石灰性土壤上，施锌肥显著提高土壤有效锌含量和小麦籽粒锌含量；进一步改善小麦籽粒锌营养，应将锌肥用量、施锌方式和多种农艺措施，如水分和氮磷肥供应、绿肥种植等综合优化，充分挖掘旱地小麦籽粒锌含量提升的潜力。

关键词: 旱地, 小麦, 籽粒, 面粉, 锌含量, 有效锌

Abstract:

【Objective】The changes in available soil zinc (Zn), wheat grain yield and grain Zn concentration were identified, so as to provide the important basis for optimizing Zn biofortification of wheat grain technology.【Method】Based on the location-fixed field trial initiated in 2017 in drylands of the Loess Plateau, the samples were collected to analyze the available soil Zn, wheat yield, yield components, Zn concentrations in grain and its tissues, Zn uptake and distribution in various plant parts under different Zn application rates in the wheat growing seasons of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022.【Result】Zn application did not significantly affect the wheat yield and yield components, but Zn concentration was increased by 28.8%-46.0% in grain and maximized to 31.1 mg·kg^-1at Zn application rate of 24.9 kg·hm^-2; Zn concentration was increased by 31.8%-58.8% in bran and maximized to 87.6 mg·kg^-1 at Zn application rate of 27.3 kg·hm^-2; Zn concentration was increased by 26.3%-41.3% in flour and maximized to 11.3 mg·kg^-1at Zn application rate of 24.0 kg·hm^-2. The grain Zn was found mainly distributed in bran, accounting for 77.7%-80.0%, with the average Zn concentration of 78.9 mg·kg^-1; and 20.0%-22.3% Zn in flour, with the average Zn concentration of 10.8 mg·kg^-1. With the Zn application rate increase, Zn concentration increased much more in bran than that in the flour. Available soil Zn was increased by 235.2%-1233.8% and 207.4%-825.9% in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil, respectively, and reached 9.47 and 2.50 mg·kg^-1 at the maximum Zn application rate of 27.3 kg·hm^-2, respectively. Available Zn of 0-100 cm soil layers contributed differently to wheat Zn uptake, with that in top soil contributed much more than that in deep soil layers.【Conclusion】Obviously, soil Zn application significantly increased soil available Zn and wheat grain Zn concentrations in drylands of the Loess Plateau, and for further improvement of wheat grained Zn nutritional and explore the increase potential in wheat grain Zn concentration, an integrative optimization should be implemented on Zn rates and application methods, and other agronomical measures, such as water, N and phosphorus supply, as well as green manure planting.

Key words: dryland, wheat, grain, flour, Zn concentration, available soil Zn

丁玉兰, 黄翠, 王星舒, 张学美, 徐隽峰, 黄宁, 党海燕, 郭子糠, 孙蕊卿, 王朝辉. 黄土高原旱地小麦籽粒锌含量及分布对锌肥的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(11): 2176-2188.

DING YuLan, HUANG Cui, WANG XingShu, ZHANG XueMei, XU JunFeng, HUANG Ning, DANG HaiYan, GUO ZiKang, SUN RuiQing, WANG ZhaoHui. Response of Zinc Concentration and Distribution in Wheat Grain to Soil Zinc Fertilization in Dryland of Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(11): 2176-2188.

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年份 Year	施锌量 Zn rate (kg·hm^-2)	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	有效锌 Available Zn (mg·kg^-1)
2017		8.30	11.8	0.8	9.42	0.27	10.83	123	0.24
2022	0.0	8.49	12.2	0.8	2.56	0.46	11.93	131	0.38
	6.8	8.48	13.0	0.8	3.62	0.44	14.19	141	1.66
	13.6	8.50	12.2	0.8	3.29	0.46	12.91	127	2.01
	20.5	8.47	12.8	0.8	2.86	0.53	13.38	137	4.20
	27.3	8.54	12.6	0.8	3.24	0.50	12.11	128	4.41

年份 Year	施锌量 Zn rate (kg·hm^-2)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass (kg·hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒重 Thousand grain weight (g)
2021	0	7404a	15970a	46a	574bc	28a	46a
	6.8	7048a	15178a	46a	534c	29a	45ab
	13.6	7459a	16661a	45a	641ab	28a	42b
	20.5	6851a	14953a	46a	543c	28a	44ab
	27.3	7799a	17499a	45a	672a	27a	44ab
2022	0	10356a	21099a	49a	634a	31a	52ab
	6.8	10690a	21130a	51a	640a	32a	52a
	13.6	10399a	20990a	50a	620a	32a	52a
	20.5	10568a	21564a	49a	641a	32a	53a
	27.3	10924a	21864a	50a	654a	33a	51b
年度均值 Annual average
2021		7312	16052	46	593	28	44
2022		10587*	21329*	50*	638*	32*	52*
处理均值 Treatment average	0	8880a	18535a	48a	604a	30a	49a
	6.8	8869a	18154a	48a	587a	31a	49a
	13.6	8929a	18826a	47a	631a	30a	47a
	20.5	8710a	18259a	47a	592a	30a	48a
	27.3	9362a	19682a	47a	663a	30a	47a

施锌量 Zn rate (kg·hm^-2)	锌吸收量Zn uptake (g·hm^-2)
施锌量 Zn rate (kg·hm^-2)	地上部 Shoot	茎叶 Straw	颖壳 Chaff	籽粒 Grain	面粉 Flour	麸皮 Bran
0	250c	28c	10b	212c	55b	149c
6.8	340b	44bc	14b	283b	72a	196b
13.6	329b	35bc	14b	279b	74b	197b
20.5	379ab	53ab	17ab	310ab	78a	219ab
27.3	417a	63a	23a	331a	81a	250a

年份 Year	施锌量 Zn rate (kg·hm^-2)	土层 Soil layer (cm)
年份 Year	施锌量 Zn rate (kg·hm^-2)	0-20	20-40	40-60	60-80	80-100
播前 Pre-sowing in 2021-2022	0	0.38±0.05c	0.31±0.04d	0.10±0.01c	0.07±0.01b	0.05±0.02c
	6.8	1.66±0.19c	0.78±0.18cd	0.16±0.02bc	0.10±0.01b	0.09±0.01bc
	13.6	2.01±0.33b	1.72±0.22bc	0.23±0.03b	0.11±0.02b	0.08±0.01bc
	20.5	4.20±0.56a	2.51±0.21ab	0.26±0.04b	0.14±0.02ab	0.12±0.02ab
	27.3	4.41±0.10a	2.83±0.32a	0.42±0.06a	0.24±0.08a	0.14±0.01a
均值 Average		2.53±0.20	1.63±0.19	0.23±0.03	0.13±0.03	0.10±0.01
成熟 At harvest in 2021-2022	0	0.71±0.16e	0.27±0.05c	0.12±0.01c	0.10±0.01b	0.10±0.01b
	6.8	2.38±0.23d*	0.83±0.20bc	0.21±0.04bc	0.14±0.03ab	0.16±0.03ab
	13.6	4.20±0.55c*	1.16±0.22b	0.25±0.06bc	0.16±0.03ab	0.22±0.05ab
	20.5	6.76±0.39b*	2.33±0.33a	0.54±0.14a	0.29±0.10a	0.38±0.15ab
	27.3	9.47±0.91a*	2.50±0.21a	0.47±0.11ab	0.25±0.03ab	0.39±0.12a
均值 Average		4.70±0.45*	1.42±0.20	0.32±0.07	0.19±0.04	0.25±0.07

黄土高原旱地小麦籽粒锌含量及分布对锌肥的响应

Response of Zinc Concentration and Distribution in Wheat Grain to Soil Zinc Fertilization in Dryland of Loess Plateau

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