山西小麦苗期耐低磷特性及遗传分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.05.001

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 831-845.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.05.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

山西小麦苗期耐低磷特性及遗传分析

卫乃翠¹^,²(), 陶金博²(), 苑名杨², 张彧³, 开梦想², 乔玲¹, 武棒棒¹, 郝宇琼¹, 郑兴卫¹, 王娟玲², 赵佳佳¹(), 郑军¹()

¹ 山西农业大学小麦研究所/农业农村部有机旱作农业重点实验室（部省共建），山西临汾 041000
² 山西农业大学农学院，山西太谷 030801
³ 临汾市第二中学校，山西临汾 041000

收稿日期:2023-08-02 接受日期:2023-09-26 出版日期:2024-03-01 发布日期:2024-03-06
通信作者:
赵佳佳，E-mail：jjzh1990@163.com。
郑军，E-mail：sxnkyzj@126.com
联系方式: 卫乃翠，E-mail：cuiuiui_999@163.com。陶金博，E-mail：tx10190245@163.com。卫乃翠和陶金博为同等贡献作者。
基金资助:
山西省小麦种业创新良种联合攻关(YZGG-02-01); 山西省科技重大专项计划揭榜挂帅项目(202201140601025-2-04); 山西农业大学生物育种工程(YZGC013)

Seedling Characterization and Genetic Analysis of Low Phosphorus Tolerance in Shanxi Varieties

WEI NaiCui¹^,²(), TAO JinBo²(), YUAN MingYang², ZHANG Yu³, KAI MengXiang², QIAO Ling¹, WU BangBang¹, HAO YuQiong¹, ZHENG XingWei¹, WANG JuanLing², ZHAO JiaJia¹(), ZHENG Jun¹()

¹ Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agriculture University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Linfen 041000, Shanxi
² College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi
³ Linfen Second Middle School, Linfen 041000, Shanxi

Received:2023-08-02 Accepted:2023-09-26 Published:2024-03-01 Online:2024-03-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】干旱与半干旱地区的水肥资源贫乏，而小麦不同基因型间的磷效率差异很大，因此，鉴选耐低磷种质、挖掘磷代谢遗传位点有助于小麦的遗传改良。【方法】以282份山西小麦品种为材料，在正常磷（0.2 mmol·L^-1）、中度低磷（0.1 mmol·L^-1）和低磷胁迫（0.01 mmol·L^-1）3个磷浓度条件下对苗期根部鲜重、茎叶部鲜重、植株鲜重、根部干重、茎叶部干重、植株干重，最大根长、总根长、根表面积、根体积、根直径和根尖数共12个形态指标进行考查，运用主成分分析、隶属函数分析及聚类分析等方法综合评价苗期不同品种的耐低磷特性，在此基础上，分析苗期性状演变趋势及生物量分配等特征，并利用全基因组关联分析挖掘小麦耐低磷位点。【结果】苗期不同性状对低磷的响应程度不同，磷浓度降低导致生物量分配策略发生变化，与根部生长情况比较，地上部生长受磷浓度变化影响小；磷浓度降低会抑制地上部生长，地上部干重和鲜重显著降低，而低磷促进了根系生长，根部干重和鲜重、最大根长、总根长、根体积和根尖数等指标显著增加。根据耐低磷综合D值与形态指标相关分析发现最大根长和根直径可作为苗期耐低磷的筛选指标，D值聚类分析筛选到晋麦46、晋麦61、有芒大红茎、红秃麦、红和尚、白壳红、白线麦、火烧头和白山麦共9份耐低磷品种。性状演变分析发现品种耐低磷能力没有受到直接选择。耐低磷能力随年代变化先降后升，2010年之前品种耐低磷能力呈下降趋势，2010年后品种耐低磷能力有所提升。关联分析检测到8个R²>10%的稳定位点，其中，1A_545074550、2B_489279799、6A_166899658和6A_273060644未见报道。【结论】苗期最大根长和根直径可作为苗期耐低磷的筛选指标。通过综合评价山西小麦苗期耐低磷能力，筛选到9份耐低磷品种。在1A、2B和6A染色体上检测到4个与耐低磷相关的新位点。

关键词: 小麦苗期, 耐低磷, 种质鉴选, 特征演变, 关联分析

Abstract:

【Objective】In arid and semi-arid regions, the water and nutrients are scarce in the soil. The phosphorus use efficiency between different wheat genotypes varies greatly. Therefore, identification of low phosphorus-tolerant germplasm and mapping of related loci is helpful for genetic improvement of wheat. 【Method】Using 282 Shanxi wheat varieties as materials, twelve seedling morphological indicators were investigated under three phosphorus concentrations, including SDW, RDW, DW, SFW, RFW, FW, MRL, TRL, RS, RV, RD, and RN. Principal component analysis, membership function analysis, and cluster analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the low phosphorus tolerance characteristics of different varieties at the seedling stage. On this basis, the trait evolution trend and biomass allocation at seedling stage were analyzed. At the same time, GWAS was used to identify significant loci related to the low phosphorus-related traits. 【Result】The response of different traits to low phosphorus at the seedling stage was different. Lower phosphorus concentrations led to changes in biomass allocation strategy, and shoot growth was less affected by change in phosphorus concentrations than root growth. The decrease in phosphorus concentration inhibited the growth of shoot, and SDW and SFW were significantly reduced. In contrast, low phosphorus promoted root growth, and the indicators of RDW, RFW, MRL, TRL, RV and RN increased significantly. According to the correlation analysis between D-value and morphological indicators, it was found that MRL and RD could be used as selection indicators for low phosphorus tolerance at seedling stage. Based on D-value clustering analysis, 9 low phosphorus tolerant varieties were selected, including Jinmai 46, Jinmai 61, Youmangdahongjing, Hongtumai, Hongheshang, Baikehong, Baixianmai, Huoshaotou, Baishanmai. Analysing trends in trait evolution showed that cultivars were not directly selected for their ability to tolerate low phosphorus. The ability to tolerate low phosphorus decreased first and then increased over time. Before 2010, there was a decreasing trend in the ability of varieties to tolerate low phosphorus, and after 2010, there was an increase in the ability of varieties to tolerate low phosphorus. GWAS stably detected eight loci with R²>10% in three environments, in which 1A_545074550, 2B_489279799, 6A_166899658 and 6A_273060644 were not reported previously.【Conclusion】The MRL and RD can be used as selection indicators for low phosphorus tolerance at seedling stage. A total of nine varieties were selected through comprehensive evaluation of ability in Shanxi wheat to tolerate low phosphorus during seedling stage. Association analysis detected four novel loci associated with low phosphorus tolerance on chromosomes 1A, 2B and 6A, and the results provide germplasm resources and QTL for future low phosphorus tolerance wheat breeding.

Key words: seedling stage, low phosphorus tolerance, germplasm identification, trait evolution, association analysis

卫乃翠, 陶金博, 苑名杨, 张彧, 开梦想, 乔玲, 武棒棒, 郝宇琼, 郑兴卫, 王娟玲, 赵佳佳, 郑军. 山西小麦苗期耐低磷特性及遗传分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(5): 831-845.

WEI NaiCui, TAO JinBo, YUAN MingYang, ZHANG Yu, KAI MengXiang, QIAO Ling, WU BangBang, HAO YuQiong, ZHENG XingWei, WANG JuanLing, ZHAO JiaJia, ZHENG Jun. Seedling Characterization and Genetic Analysis of Low Phosphorus Tolerance in Shanxi Varieties[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(5): 831-845.

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图/表 10

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图2

图3

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图4

图5

图6

表3

各形态指标耐低磷系数运行GWAS在3个及以上环境下被重复检测到的显著性位点"

性状 Traits	染色体 Chr.	物理位置 Position (Mb)	标记 Marker	环境 Environment	<BOLD>P</BOLD>值 <BOLD>P</BOLD> value	表型变异解释率 R² (%)	参考文献 References
茎叶部干重 SDW	7A	679.74	7A_679744088	MLP1	2.95E-04	5.98	[37]
				MLPAV	2.73E-04	6.41	[37]
				LP2	1.54E-04	6.66	[37]
				LPAV	1.08E-04	7.77	[37]
根部干重 RDW	2A	720.06	2A_720056407	MLP1	9.83E-04	5.04
		723.57	2A_723574066	LP1	1.20E-04	6.79
		728.13	2A_728131289	LP2	6.98E-04	5.49
	2B	771.81	2B_771807820	LP2	2.97E-05	8.32	[36]
		776.28	2B_776277662	MLP1	4.33E-04	5.67	[36]
				LP1	1.54E-06	10.25	[36]
	3A	697.27	3A_697265307	MLP1	3.35E-04	5.85	[37]
				MLPAV	2.52E-06	8.22	[37]
				LP2	1.42E-05	8.55	[37]
	6A	166.90	6A_166899658	MLP1	1.08E-06	10.26
				LP1	7.76E-04	5.35
				LP2	2.69E-04	6.23
		273.06	6A_273060644	LP2	7.72E-04	5.41
		273.49	6A_273485987	MLP1	9.90E-07	10.33
				LP1	8.29E-04	5.30
		596.50	6A_596501004	LP2	7.98E-05	7.18
		598.86	6A_598861692	MLPAV	1.19E-04	5.68
		599.26	6A_599260920	MLP1	6.01E-04	5.41
	7A	679.74	7A_679744223	MLP1	3.45E-10	16.79	[37]
				MLPAV	1.16E-05	7.21	[37]
				LP2	3.31E-04	6.08	[37]
		85.63	7A_85627950	MLP1	3.46E-12	20.69	[38]
				LP1	1.74E-04	6.50	[38]
				LPAV	1.95E-04	6.96	[38]
		85.66	7A_85658080	LPAV	1.03E-05	12.24	[38]
				MLPAV	9.70E-05	5.81	[38]
植株干重 DW	2B	485.17	2B_485169465	LPAV	1.51E-04	7.53
		489.28	2B_489279799	LP1	1.08E-06	10.09
				LP2	9.54E-04	5.26
		768.06	2B_768059955	LP1	5.27E-04	5.41	[36]
				LPAV	8.65E-04	5.99	[36]
		771.81	2B_771807820	LP2	7.56E-09	15.13	[36]
	7A	679.74	7A_679744088	MLP1	1.43E-04	6.45	[37]
				MLPAV	1.71E-04	6.75	[37]
				LPAV	8.41E-04	6.02	[37]
		679.74	7A_679744223	MLP1	2.19E-04	6.13	[37]
				LP2	3.36E-04	6.08	[37]
				LPAV	3.58E-04	6.77	[37]
茎叶部鲜重 SFW	1A	15.43	1A_15432092	MLPAV	9.54E-04	5.41
				LP1	9.40E-04	5.24
				LPAV	0.001	5.80
	7A	85.66	7A_85658291	MLP1	8.30E-04	5.28	[38]
				LP2	8.11E-04	5.16	[38]
				LPAV	2.38E-05	9.09	[38]
最大根长 MRL	1A	545.07	1A_545074550	MLP1	1.71E-08	13.23
				MLPAV	1.42E-07	11.12
				LP1	1.26E-04	6.24
		545.33	1A_545329345	MLP1	5.66E-09	14.11
				MLPAV	9.67E-08	11.41
				LP1	7.30E-05	6.63
		545.52	1A_545517460	MLP1	1.03E-09	16.52
				MLPAV	4.18E-08	13.20
				LP1	7.88E-05	6.98

表3

图7

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性状 Traits	CK			MLP			LP
性状 Traits	变幅 Range	均值 Mean	变异系数 CV (%)	变幅 Range	均值 Mean	变异系数 CV (%)	变幅 Range	均值 Mean	变异系数 CV (%)
茎叶部干重SDW (mg)	6.13-32.31	13.71	27.04	3.98-18.01	10.87	19.87	7.24-27.05	12.78	18.77
根部干重RDW (mg)	1.41-7.47	3.83	32.73	1.12-10.49	3.86	25.74	2.46-38.74	5.37	55.15
植株干重DW (mg)	8.51-39.78	17.55	26.75	5.10-24.23	14.73	19.70	10.81-60.23	18.15	24.73
茎叶部鲜重SFW (mg)	77.69-356.73	158.54	29.20	49.80-214.49	142.33	19.58	69.39-241.62	139.49	17.39
根部鲜重RFW (mg)	27.66-103.15	54.70	32.99	15.13-91.01	55.43	24.91	23.58-107.42	67.53	23.40
植株鲜重FW (mg)	110.81-459.88	213.24	29.13	64.93-305.50	197.76	19.89	99.60-343.94	207.02	18.06
最大根长MRL (cm)	3.10-21.40	10.53	24.67	3.65-17.20	11.30	19.36	4.95-20.70	14.19	17.00
总根长TRL (cm)	7.00-67.19	32.99	33.63	5.39-62.68	32.97	26.16	16.88-88.69	50.90	27.01
根表面积RS (cm²)	1.31-8.74	4.73	32.53	0.90-7.87	4.65	24.47	2.67-10.07	6.27	22.76
根体积RV (cm³)	0.02-0.18	0.07	37.13	0.02-0.14	0.07	29.12	0.03-0.15	0.08	25.45
根直径RD (cm)	0.37-1.03	0.61	19.85	0.38-1.06	0.62	17.42	0.33-0.90	0.49	17.19
根尖数RN	3.33-31.00	9.43	41.90	2.83-18.83	8.60	31.45	5.17-37.17	16.51	33.15

性状 Traits	D值_MLP D values _MLP	D值_LP D values _LP	性状 Traits	D值_MLP D values _MLP	D值_LP D values _LP
茎叶部干重SDW	0.277**	0.079	最大根长MRL	0.155*	-0.222**
根部干重RDW	0.068	-0.121	总根长TRL	0.150*	-0.121
植株干重DW	0.229**	0.012	根表面积RS	0.055	-0.148*
茎叶部鲜重SFW	0.177**	-0.036	根体积RV	-0.044	-0.11
根部鲜重RFW	0.035	-0.131*	根直径RD	-0.214**	0.156*
植株鲜重FW	0.138*	-0.079	根尖数RN	0.149*	-0.056

山西小麦苗期耐低磷特性及遗传分析

Seedling Characterization and Genetic Analysis of Low Phosphorus Tolerance in Shanxi Varieties

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