小麦穗发芽抗性机制及抗性育种研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.07.003

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (7): 1237-1254.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.07.003

• 专题：种子萌发与穗发芽 • 上一篇下一篇

小麦穗发芽抗性机制及抗性育种研究

董慧雪¹^,³(), 陈倩¹^,³, 郭晓江³, 王际睿¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

¹ 四川农业大学西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室，成都 611130
² 四川农业大学农学院，成都 611130
³ 四川农业大学小麦研究所，成都 611130
⁴ 四川农业大学西南作物基因资源与遗传改良教育部重点实验室，成都 611130

收稿日期:2023-12-28 接受日期:2024-02-19 出版日期:2024-04-01 发布日期:2024-04-09
通信作者:
王际睿，E-mail：wangjirui@gmail.com
联系方式: 董慧雪，E-mail：13051378621@163.com。
基金资助:
科技创新2030(2023ZD04069); 国家农业科技重大专项(NK20220607); 国家自然科学基金(32301810); 国家自然科学基金(32301837); 国家自然科学基金(U22A20472); 国家重点研发计划(2018YFE0112000); 四川省科技计划(2023NSFSC0217); 四川省科技计划(2021YFH0077)

Research on the Mechanisms of Pre-Harvest Sprouting and Resistant Breeding in Wheat

DONG HuiXue¹^,³(), CHEN Qian¹^,³, GUO XiaoJiang³, WANG JiRui¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
² College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
³ Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
⁴ Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130

Received:2023-12-28 Accepted:2024-02-19 Published:2024-04-01 Online:2024-04-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

穗发芽是禾本科作物籽粒在收获前于高湿环境下的穗上发芽现象，严重影响小麦的产量与品质。种子休眠水平是影响小麦穗发芽抗性的主要因素，而往往驯化作物的籽粒休眠水平低，导致栽培小麦普遍比其野生祖先种更易发生穗发芽。小麦穗发芽主要受外源环境（温度、湿度等）和内源植物激素（GAs、ABA、IAA、MeJA、ET、BR）的调控。已鉴定出一批抗穗发芽材料，并克隆了一系列调控穗发芽抗性的关键基因，如PM19、MFT、MKK3、Myb10-3D、Vp1等。通过分子标记辅助选择、人工合成小麦和CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术，已成功创制了抗穗发芽小麦新材料。本文综述了小麦穗发芽抗性的遗传机制及抗性育种研究的最新进展，未来仍需继续挖掘关键穗发芽抗性基因，以生物育种的方法培育抗穗发芽小麦新品种。

关键词: 小麦, 穗发芽, 种子休眠, 激素, 育种改良

Abstract:

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) refers to the germination of cereal crops on the spike in high humidity conditions before grain harvest. Wheat PHS is a significant problem that affects both the yield and quality of wheat. Seed dormancy level is a major factor influencing the resistance of wheat PHS, and domesticated crops often exhibit reduced seed dormancy levels, making cultivated wheat more prone to PHS compared to its wild ancestors. Wheat PHS is mainly regulated by external environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, as well as internal plant hormones (GAs, ABA, IAA, MeJA, ET, BR). Researchers have identified a range of materials resistant to PHS, cloned key genes regulating PHS resistance, such as PM19, MFT, MKK3, Myb10-3D, Vp1. New wheat materials resistant to PHS have been successfully developed through molecular marker-assisted selection, artificial synthesis of wheat, and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. This article reviews the genetic mechanism of PHS resistance in wheat and the latest progress in PHS resistance breeding research. In the future, it is necessary to continue exploring key genes related to PHS resistance, and employ biotechnological breeding methods to cultivate new PHS-resistant wheat varieties.

Key words: wheat, pre-harvest sprouting, seed dormancy, hormone, breeding improvement

董慧雪, 陈倩, 郭晓江, 王际睿. 小麦穗发芽抗性机制及抗性育种研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(7): 1237-1254.

DONG HuiXue, CHEN Qian, GUO XiaoJiang, WANG JiRui. Research on the Mechanisms of Pre-Harvest Sprouting and Resistant Breeding in Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(7): 1237-1254.

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图/表 3

表1

表2

小麦穗发芽抗性基因及其抗原品种"

基因 Genes	染色体Chromo-somes	物理位置Physical site (Mb)	标记 Markers	优异等位基因 Favorable alleles	主要功能 Main function	抗原品种 Source varieties	参考文献 Reference
TaAFP	2BS	190.6	STS TaAFP-B	TaAFP-B1b	负调控ABA信号途径 Negatively regulates ABA signaling pathways	济南16、阆中白麦子、小白玉花、万县白麦子 Jinan 16, Langzhongbaimaizi, Xiaobaiyuhua, Wanxianbaimaizi	[112]
TaDFR	3B	429.1	CAPS TaDFR-B	TaDFR-Bb	参与类黄酮合成途径 Involved in flavonoid synthesis pathway	川育6、北京5、扬麦3、冀麦17号、龙辐麦5/6/7/8/9/11/12/13/14/15/16、龙麦11/12 Chuanyu 6, Beijing 5, Yangmai 3, Jimai 17, Longfumai 5/6/7/8/9/11/12/13/14/15/16, Longmai 11/12	[113]
TaSdr	2A	163	CAPS Sdr2A	TaSdr-A1a	调控籽粒休眠；尚未明确具体所属通路 Regulate seed dormancy; not yet clearly assigned to a specific pathway	绵阳15、西昌5762、郑州683/761、平原50、开封124 Mianyang 15, Xichang 5762, Zhengzhou 683/761, Pingyuan 50, Kaifeng 124	[114]
TaSdr	2B	208.6	CAPS Sdr2B	TaSdr-B1a		白秃子、CA9722、小白玉花、大青芒、丰产3号、百农3217、开封124、碧蚂1号、兰花麦 Baituzi, CA9722, Xiaobaiyuhua, Daqingmang, Fengchan 3, Bainong 3217, Kaifeng 124, Bima 1, Lanhuamai	[80]
TaPM19	4AL	603	STS PM19-A1	TaPM19-A1a	受ABA诱导表达；正向调节种子休眠 ABA-induced expression; positively regulates seed dormancy	藏冬4号、无芒春麦、石家庄15、大白皮、老麦、高加索、Am3、科成4号、兴0217、蜀麦1763、SW1747、Yitpi、Ourou、VAIOLET Zangdong 4, Wumangchunmai, Shijiazhuang 15, Dabaipi, Laomai, Gaojiasuo, Am3, Kecheng 4, Xing 0217, Shumai 1763, SW1747, Yitpi, Ourou, VAIOLET	[93,115,120]
TaMKK3	4AL	710.2	CAPS TaMKK3-A	TaMKK3-A1b	通过MAPK途径调控穗发芽，正向调节ABA响应 Regulating pre-harvest sprouting through the MAPK pathway, positively modulating ABA response	安农196、安农1008、安农1006、安农1014、安农1123、安农0942-14、安农1121、Alchemy、Option、Yitpi、Kitamoe、Leader、Halberd、Aus1408 Annong 196, Annong 1008, Annong 1006, Annong 1014, Annong 1123, Annong 0942-14, Annong 1121, Alchemy, Option, Yitpi, Kitamoe, Leader, Halberd, Aus1408	[70,95]
TaMFT/ TaPHS1	3AS	7.3	CAPS MFT-A1	TaMFT-A1b	抑制未成熟胚胎的早熟和萌发，正向调节穗发芽抗性 Inhibit pre-maturity and germination of immature embryos, and positively modulating pre-harvest sprouting resistance	扬麦11、扬麦158、扬麦19、扬辐麦1号、扬06-135、关东107、白火麦 Yangmai 11, Yangmai 158, Yangmai 19, Yangfumai 1, Yang 06-135, Guandong 107, Baihuomai	[116]
			STS MFT-A2	TaMFT-3Aa		安农0711、歪头白、葫芦头、涪陵须须麦、秃葫芦头、遂宁坨坨麦 Annong 0711, Waitoubai, Hulutou, Fulingxuxumai, Tuhulutou, Suining tuotuomai	[117]
			CAPS MFT-3A	SNP-222(C)		华瑞0712、涪陵须须麦、白火麦、遂宁坨坨麦、阆中白麦子、茶淀红麦、葫芦头、小玉花、白芒红、Aki9、Kinuhime、Chugoku 81、Zenkoujikomugi Huarui 0712, Fulingxuxumai, Baihuomai, Suiningtuotuomai, Langzhongbaimaizi, Chadianhongmai, Hulutou, Xiaoyuhua, Baimanghong, Aki9, Kinuhime, Chugoku 81, Zenkoujikomugi	[23]
			KASP TaPHS- SNP1	SNP646/666 (G/A)		Jagger、Hartog、Santa Fe、中国春、Bungulla、秃头麦、Champlain、Renan、泗阳936、Bobwhite、Betta、Elands、Karee、Komati、Limpopo、Molopo Jagger, Hartog, Santa Fe, Chinese Spring, Bungulla, Tutoumai, Champlain, Renan, Siyang936, Bobwhite, Betta, Elands, Karee, Komati, Limpopo, Molopo	[10,86,118]
TaABI3/ TaVP1	3BL	708.3	STS Vp1B3	TaVp-1Bb, TaVp-1Bc	参与胚胎发育和ABA信号转导；促休眠抑制发芽；正调控种子休眠 Involved in embryo development and ABA signal transduction; promotes dormancy, and inhibits germination; positively regulates seed dormancy	西农979、永川白麦、徐农029、淮麦20、绵麦303、内麦366、川麦604、BL5002、BL6007、SW1747、Ourou、VAIOLET Xinong 979, Yongchuanbaimai, Xunong 029, Huaimai 20, Mianmai 303, Neimai 366, Chuanmai 604, BL5002, BL6007, SW1747, Ourou, VAIOLET	[119-120]
	3BL	708.3	STS Vp1-b2	TaVp-1Bb, TaVp-1Bc, TaVp-1Bd, TaVp-1Be, TaVp-1Bf		万县白麦子、万县白壳麦、葫芦头 Wanxianbaimaizi, Wanxianbaikemai, Hulutou	[121-122]
	3AL	659.6	STS Vp-1A	TaVp-1Ab, TaVp-1Ad		兰花麦、白火麦、安农0451、安农0805 Lanhuamai, Baihuomai, Annong 0451, Annong 0805	[123]
	3AL	659.6	STS Vp1A3	TaVp-1Agm		川362、阆中白麦子、Rongchangbaimai、Xuyong Chuan 362, Langzhongbaimaizi, Rongchangbaimai, Xuyong	[124]
TaMyb10-D	3D	570.8	STS Myb10	Myb10-D	参与调控ABA合成和类黄酮合成；使籽粒颜色变红，抑制穗发芽 Involved in ABA and flavonoid synthesis; making seed color red, and inhibiting pre-harvest sprouting	江西早、白火麦、白玉花、川育11、孝感麦、白须、川育12、川麦104、合川麦、豫麦35、豫麦14、中国春、Sarajevo 1、Graniatka Zachodnia Jiangxizao, Baihuomai, Baiyuhua, Chuanyu 11, Xiaoganmai, Baixu, Chuanyu 12, Chuanmai 104, Hechuanmai, Yumai 35, Yumai 14, Chinese Spring, Sarajevo 1, Graniatka Zachodnia	[32]
TaQsd1	5B	387.7	CAPS QSD1	TaQsd1-5Ba	调控种子休眠期 Regulating the period of seed dormancy	洋小麦、扬麦16、Kitahonami Yangxiaomai, Yangmai 16, Kitahonami	[125-126]

表2

图1

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麦区 Wheat growing zones	北部冬麦区 Northern winter wheat zone	东北春麦区 Northeastern spring wheat zone	黄淮冬麦区 Huang-Huai River valleys winter wheat zone	西北春麦区 Northwestern spring wheat zone	长江上游冬麦区 Upper Yangtze valley winter wheat zone	长江中下游冬麦区 Middle and low Yangtze valley winter wheat zone
红粒 Red grain	7	20	1	4	7	81
白粒 White grain	10	0	536	1	6	0

小麦穗发芽抗性机制及抗性育种研究

Research on the Mechanisms of Pre-Harvest Sprouting and Resistant Breeding in Wheat

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