带状间作不同带间距对玉米光能利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.23.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究玉米单株生长环境一致情况下，不同玉米带间距离对带状间作玉米光能利用的影响。【方法】于2021—2022年，以传统间作（1M1S、2M1S）和玉米-大豆带状间作（2M2S、2M3S、2M4S）为研究对象，设置5种玉米带间距离，分别为1 m（1M1S，1行玉米﹕1行大豆）、1.2 m（2M1S，2行玉米﹕1行大豆）、1.6 m（2M2S，2行玉米﹕2行大豆）、2 m（2M3S，2行玉米﹕3行大豆）、2.4 m（2M4S，2行玉米﹕4行大豆），另外设2种单作玉米为对照，单作玉米行距分别为80 cm（M80）和40 cm（M40），分析光环境的差异对玉米光能截获和光能利用率（RUE）的影响。【结果】与单作玉米相比，带状间作改善了玉米冠层中下部的透光率，显著提高玉米的叶面积和光能利用率，增加玉米干物质积累，使玉米叶片保持较高的净光合速率，促进产量的增加。随着玉米带间距离的增加，玉米中下部的透光率升高，带状间作2M2S、2M3S和2M4S处理较单作M80和M40处理分别升高30.67%、20.62%、10.10%和112.70%、96.35%、79.23%。2M4S处理由于玉米占地面积最少，导致单位土地面积上玉米光能截获最小，分别低于单作M80和M40处理44.72%和53.54%，但2M4S处理的单株光能利用率分别是单作M80和M40的1.14和2.16倍。带状间作2M2S、2M3S、2M4S处理的产量较单作M80和M40处理分别提高4.97%、10.47%、13.43%和50.05%、57.08%、61.31%。【结论】在玉米单株生长环境一致时，玉米带间距离的增大改善了玉米冠层中下部的透光性，增大了玉米的叶面积，使叶片保持着较高的净光合速率和光合产物的累积，进而提高了玉米的光能利用率。2M4S处理玉米中下部透光率最大，玉米的净光合速率和干物质积累最高，导致光能利用率和产量优势最高。

关键词: 带状间作, 玉米, 带间距离, 光能利用, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of different strip distances on light energy utilization of maize in maize-soybean strip intercropping, when the single maize plant was grown in the same environment.【Method】This experiment was conducted in 2021-2022 with traditional intercropping (1M1S, 2M1S) and maize-soybean strip intercropping (2M2S, 2M3S, 2M4S) as research objects, five maize strip distance treatments at 1 m (1M1S, 1 row maize﹕1 row soybean), 1.2 m (2M1S, 2 rows maize﹕1 row soybean), 1.6 m (2M2S, 2 rows maize﹕2 rows soybean), 2 m (2M3S, 2 rows maize﹕3 rows soybean), 2.4 m (2M4S, 2 rows maize﹕4 rows soybean) were set, and two monocropping maize treatments were conducted as controls with a row spacing of 80 cm (M80) and 40 cm (M40), respectively. The effect of the difference of light environment on light energy interception and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of maize was analyzed.【Result】Compared to monocropping maize, strip intercropping improved the light transmission at the lower and middle part of the maize canopy, which significantly increased the leaf area and light energy utilization of maize, increased the accumulation of maize dry matter, maintained a higher net photosynthetic rate of maize leaves, and promoted the increase of yield. With the increasing distance between maize strip, the light transmittance in the lower and middle part of maize increased by 30.67%, 20.62%, 10.10% and 112.70%, 96.35% and 79.23% for the 2M2S, 2M3S and 2M4S treatments, respectively. Compared to the monocropping M80 and M40 treatments, 2M4S treatment showed the 44.72% and 53.54% lower light energy interception of maize per unit land area due to the least occupied planting area, respectively, while the RUE of 2M4S treatment was 1.14 times higher than that of M80 and 2.16 times higher than that of M40. The yield of strip intercropping 2M2S, 2M3S and 2M4S treatments increased by 4.97%, 10.47%, 13.43% and 50.05%, 57.08% and 61.31% compared to that of M80 and M40 treatments, respectively.【Conclusion】When the growth environment of each single maize is consistent, the increase of the distance between maize strip improved the light transmission in the lower and middle part of the maize canopy, increased the leaf area of maize, and maintained a higher net photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic product accumulation in the leaves, which leads to the increase of maize RUE. The 2M4S treatment showed the highest light transmission in the lower and middle part of the maize, and the highest net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation in maize, resulting in the highest light energy utilization and yield.

Key words: strip intercropping, maize, strip distance, light energy utilization, yield

武晶, 陈梦, 汪直华, 杨继芝, 李燕丽, 吴雨珊, 杨文钰. 带状间作不同带间距对玉米光能利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(23): 4648-4659.

WU Jing, CHEN Meng, WANG ZhiHua, YANG JiZhi, LI YanLi, WU YuShan, YANG WenYu. Effect of Different Strip Distances on Light Energy Utilization in Strip Intercropping Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(23): 4648-4659.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.23.007

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2023/V56/I23/4648

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单株产量 Single yield (g)	穗粒数 Number of spikes	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	有效株数 Effective plants
2021	1M1S	106.61±3.16c	369.55±5.57a	284.22±2.10e	5778.07±203.68cd
	2M1S	110.82±2.14bc	368.23±7.13a	300.95±0.66cd	7499.70±333.32b
	2M2S	112.99±0.61ab	372.98±2.01a	302.96±3.39bc	5689.17±76.98d
	2M3S	114.37±0.70ab	374.58±3.25a	306.64±0.70ab	4703.23±61.14de
	2M4S	117.56±0.76a	381.57±2.47a	308.11±0.90a	4030.98±109.95e
	M40	68.04±0.81d	228.41±2.74b	297.87±0.83d	12778.03±1387.81a
	M80	111.70±2.60bc	369.35±8.58a	302.42±0.45bc	7277.49±254.58bc
2022	1M1S	85.91±0.74d	368.14±3.16bc	233.37±0.51bc	4916.91±83.34c
	2M1S	93.38±2.72bc	390.71±11.37ab	239.01±3.19b	6527.52±573.68b
	2M2S	95.51±2.66b	395.02±10.98ab	241.80±4.53b	4583.56±166.68cd
	2M3S	104.09±2.42a	396.59±9.21ab	262.45±7.06a	4166.25±185.87cd
	2M4S	106.78±2.88a	399.76±10.79a	267.12±0.09a	3293.03±240.52d
	M40	71.26±2.67e	354.61±13.27c	200.96±7.93d	8333.50±1041.69a
	M80	87.80±3.00cd	390.74±13.34ab	224.70±4.81c	6978.89±312.49b