中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (1): 46-63.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.01.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

南方稻区“早籼晚粳”栽培模式晚季灌浆期气象因子对晚粳稻品质的影响

冯向前1,2(),殷敏3,王孟佳1,马横宇1,褚光1,刘元辉1,徐春梅1,章秀福1,张运波2,王丹英1(),陈松1()   

  1. 1.中国水稻研究所,杭州 311400
    2.长江大学农学院,湖北荆州 434025
    3.盐城市新洋农业试验站,江苏盐城 224049
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-19 接受日期:2022-06-02 出版日期:2023-01-01 发布日期:2023-01-17
  • 联系方式: 冯向前,E-mail:201604651@yangtzeu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家十四五重点研发项目(2022YFD230070);浙江省自然科学基金(LY22C130001);国家自然科学基金(31671638);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01);中国农业科学院科技创新工程重大科研任务(CAAS-ZDRW202001)

Effects of Meteorological Factors on Quality of Late Japonica Rice During Late Season Grain Filling Stage Under ‘Early Indica and Late Japonica’ Cultivation Pattern in Southern China

FENG XiangQian1,2(),YIN Min3,WANG MengJia1,MA HengYu1,CHU Guang1,LIU YuanHui1,XU ChunMei1,ZHANG XiuFu1,ZHANG YunBo2,WANG DanYing1(),CHEN Song1()   

  1. 1. China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400
    2. College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei
    3. Xinyang Agricultural Experiment Station of Yancheng City, Yancheng 224049, Jiangsu
  • Received:2022-03-19 Accepted:2022-06-02 Published:2023-01-01 Online:2023-01-17

摘要:

【目的】研究南方双季稻区晚季灌浆期温光资源对不同类型水稻稻米品质的影响,为适应性双季晚粳稻品种的筛选与优质栽培提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2018年在浙江富阳和温州两地开展,以当地主栽3个籼稻品种为对照,根据专家推荐选择20个候选粳型品种(包括10个常规粳稻、3个杂交粳稻和7个籼粳杂交稻),评估和研究灌浆期温光条件差异对晚粳稻品质的影响。【结果】(1)基于稻米品质特征聚类,晚籼稻因其特有的长宽比(3.18)与直链淀粉含量(19.40%)归属一类;相比晚籼稻,大部分杂粳型水稻糙米率、精米率、整精米率、胶稠度、碱消值和食味值分别升高了4.31%—5.28%、6.51%—9.33%、25.83%—28.34%、-1.81%—4.27%、11.62%—50.85%和2.31%—2.85%,直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量则降低了20.98%—28.14%和1.16%—14.85%,表现出明显的米质提升;常规粳稻品种的米质表现则出现分离,部分源于苏南和嘉兴的常规粳稻(4个)与杂交粳类似,同属于米质提升一类;而部分源于江苏、上海的常规粳稻品种(6个)因其在晚季中相对较差的米质表现(高垩白度、垩白粒率和蛋白质含量)归属一类;(2)晚稻灌浆期稻米品质与气候因素密切相关,气候因子对水稻品质的作用主要以齐穗后10—20 d为主;加工品质(糙米率)与日均辐射(R:-0.40— -0.19,P<0.05)和昼夜温差(R:-0.45— -0.28,P<0.05)呈负相关关系,与日最低温度(R:0.24—0.53,P<0.05)和降雨量(R:0.38—0.45,P<0.05)呈正相关关系;灌浆期降雨增多以及夜间温度的提高会显著提高垩白率和垩白粒率(R:-0.37— -0.16,P<0.05;R:-0.43— -0.12,P<0.05),从而降低稻米外观品质,同时夜间温度和降雨与食味值呈负相关关系(R:-0.37— -0.16,P<0.05;R:-0.43— -0.12,P<0.05);双季晚稻灌浆期最高温度与稻米食味值成正相关(R=0.37,P<0.05),日最低温度则与稻米蛋白质含量(R=0.19,P<0.05)和垩白度(R=0.16,P<0.05)及垩白粒率(R=0.12,P<0.05)成正相关。【结论】齐穗后10—20 d是气候因子调控稻米品质的关键时期。南方双季稻区晚粳稻品种米质优化,应着重于优质粳稻基因与当地适应性籼稻基因的融合,选择杂粳稻(籼粳杂交稻和杂交粳稻)相比常规粳稻更可靠便捷,常规粳稻品种在引进应用时则应考虑育种来源地及其生态适应性,南方稻区优质常规粳稻仍需结合当地气候条件进行选育。

关键词: 双季晚稻, 品种类型, 灌浆期, 稻米品质, 气象因子

Abstract:

【Objective】The responses of the rice grain qualities to the climate factors during the grain filling period were studied to facilitate the variety screening and the agronomic practices optimization for japonica rice during the late rice season in southern rice region in China. 【Method】 To evaluate the effects of different climate factors during the grain filling period on the qualities of late japonica rice, the field experiment was conducted in Fuyang and Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, in 2018, using three late indica rice as control varieties and 20 japonica rice (including 10 inbred japonica rice, 3 japonica hybrids and 7 indica-japonica hybrids) as evaluating varieties. 【Result】(1) Based on the results of clustering with grain qualities, the late indica rice varieties were classified as an unique category due to its highest aspect ratio (3.18) and high amylose content (19.40%). Compared with the late indica rice, the most of hybrid varieties had greater brown rice rate (4.31%-5.28%), milled rice rate (6.51%-9.33%), head rice rate (25.83%- 28.34%), gel consistency (1.81%-4.27%), alkali spreading value (11.62%-50.85%), and tasted value (2.31%-2.85%), with lower amylose content (20.98%-28.14%) and protein content (1.16%-14.85%), showing obvious improvement of rice quality. Whereas, the rice quality performance response to late season were differentiated within inbred japonica varieties, and some inbred japonica rice varieties originating from southern Jiangsu and Jiaxing (4 varieties) were similar to the those in the hybrid-japonica category, while the rest inbred japonica varieties from Jiangsu and Shanghai (6 varieties) belonged to another category due to their relatively poor rice quality performances (high chalkiness, chalky grain rate and protein content) in the late season. (2) The rice grain qualities were closely related to climate factors during grain filling period of late rice season. The stage of 10-20 days after full heading was identified as the sensitive period of climate factors on rice qualities. The brown rice rate was negatively correlated with daily solar radiation (R: -0.40--0.19, P<0.05) and daily temperature difference (R: -0.45--0.28, P<0.05), and positively correlated with daily minimum temperature (R: 0.24-0.53, P<0.05) and precipitation (R: 0.38-0.45, P<0.05). The chalkiness rate and chalkiness grain rate were significantly increased with the rainfall and night temperature (R: -0.37--0.16, P<0.05; R: -0.43--0.12, P<0.05), resulting in reducing rice appearance quality. Meanwhile, the rainfall and night temperature were negatively correlated with rice tasted value (R: -0.37--0.16, P<0.05; R: -0.43--0.12, P<0.05). The daily maximum temperature at grain filling stage was positively correlated with rice tasted value (R=0.37, P<0.05), while the daily minimum temperature was positively correlated with rice protein content (R=0.19, P<0.05), chalkiness (R=0.16, P<0.05), and chalkiness grain percentage (R=0.12, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The stage of 10-20 days after full heading was the key period for affecting rice grain quality by climate factor, and the improvement of rice qualities for late japonica varieties in southern rice region should focus on the integration of high-quality japonica genes with an indica gene of local adaptation, and the choice of hybrid rice (including indica-japonica hybrids and japonica hybrids) was more reliable and convenient than inbred japonica rice. The breeding of inbred japonica varieties should consider their ecological adaptability in combined with local climatic conditions.

Key words: double-cropping late rice, rice type, grain filling, rice quality, meteorological factors