南方稻区“早籼晚粳”栽培模式晚季灌浆期气象因子对晚粳稻品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究南方双季稻区晚季灌浆期温光资源对不同类型水稻稻米品质的影响，为适应性双季晚粳稻品种的筛选与优质栽培提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2018年在浙江富阳和温州两地开展，以当地主栽3个籼稻品种为对照，根据专家推荐选择20个候选粳型品种（包括10个常规粳稻、3个杂交粳稻和7个籼粳杂交稻），评估和研究灌浆期温光条件差异对晚粳稻品质的影响。【结果】（1）基于稻米品质特征聚类，晚籼稻因其特有的长宽比（3.18）与直链淀粉含量（19.40%）归属一类；相比晚籼稻，大部分杂粳型水稻糙米率、精米率、整精米率、胶稠度、碱消值和食味值分别升高了4.31%—5.28%、6.51%—9.33%、25.83%—28.34%、-1.81%—4.27%、11.62%—50.85%和2.31%—2.85%，直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量则降低了20.98%—28.14%和1.16%—14.85%，表现出明显的米质提升；常规粳稻品种的米质表现则出现分离，部分源于苏南和嘉兴的常规粳稻（4个）与杂交粳类似，同属于米质提升一类；而部分源于江苏、上海的常规粳稻品种（6个）因其在晚季中相对较差的米质表现（高垩白度、垩白粒率和蛋白质含量）归属一类；（2）晚稻灌浆期稻米品质与气候因素密切相关，气候因子对水稻品质的作用主要以齐穗后10—20 d为主；加工品质（糙米率）与日均辐射（R：-0.40— -0.19，P<0.05）和昼夜温差（R：-0.45— -0.28，P<0.05）呈负相关关系，与日最低温度（R：0.24—0.53，P<0.05）和降雨量（R：0.38—0.45，P<0.05）呈正相关关系；灌浆期降雨增多以及夜间温度的提高会显著提高垩白率和垩白粒率（R：-0.37— -0.16，P<0.05；R：-0.43— -0.12，P<0.05），从而降低稻米外观品质，同时夜间温度和降雨与食味值呈负相关关系（R：-0.37— -0.16，P<0.05；R：-0.43— -0.12，P<0.05）；双季晚稻灌浆期最高温度与稻米食味值成正相关（R=0.37，P<0.05），日最低温度则与稻米蛋白质含量（R=0.19，P<0.05）和垩白度（R=0.16，P<0.05）及垩白粒率（R=0.12，P<0.05）成正相关。【结论】齐穗后10—20 d是气候因子调控稻米品质的关键时期。南方双季稻区晚粳稻品种米质优化，应着重于优质粳稻基因与当地适应性籼稻基因的融合，选择杂粳稻（籼粳杂交稻和杂交粳稻）相比常规粳稻更可靠便捷，常规粳稻品种在引进应用时则应考虑育种来源地及其生态适应性，南方稻区优质常规粳稻仍需结合当地气候条件进行选育。

关键词: 双季晚稻, 品种类型, 灌浆期, 稻米品质, 气象因子

Abstract:

【Objective】The responses of the rice grain qualities to the climate factors during the grain filling period were studied to facilitate the variety screening and the agronomic practices optimization for japonica rice during the late rice season in southern rice region in China. 【Method】 To evaluate the effects of different climate factors during the grain filling period on the qualities of late japonica rice, the field experiment was conducted in Fuyang and Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, in 2018, using three late indica rice as control varieties and 20 japonica rice (including 10 inbred japonica rice, 3 japonica hybrids and 7 indica-japonica hybrids) as evaluating varieties. 【Result】(1) Based on the results of clustering with grain qualities, the late indica rice varieties were classified as an unique category due to its highest aspect ratio (3.18) and high amylose content (19.40%). Compared with the late indica rice, the most of hybrid varieties had greater brown rice rate (4.31%-5.28%), milled rice rate (6.51%-9.33%), head rice rate (25.83%- 28.34%), gel consistency (1.81%-4.27%), alkali spreading value (11.62%-50.85%), and tasted value (2.31%-2.85%), with lower amylose content (20.98%-28.14%) and protein content (1.16%-14.85%), showing obvious improvement of rice quality. Whereas, the rice quality performance response to late season were differentiated within inbred japonica varieties, and some inbred japonica rice varieties originating from southern Jiangsu and Jiaxing (4 varieties) were similar to the those in the hybrid-japonica category, while the rest inbred japonica varieties from Jiangsu and Shanghai (6 varieties) belonged to another category due to their relatively poor rice quality performances (high chalkiness, chalky grain rate and protein content) in the late season. (2) The rice grain qualities were closely related to climate factors during grain filling period of late rice season. The stage of 10-20 days after full heading was identified as the sensitive period of climate factors on rice qualities. The brown rice rate was negatively correlated with daily solar radiation (R: -0.40--0.19, P<0.05) and daily temperature difference (R: -0.45--0.28, P<0.05), and positively correlated with daily minimum temperature (R: 0.24-0.53, P<0.05) and precipitation (R: 0.38-0.45, P<0.05). The chalkiness rate and chalkiness grain rate were significantly increased with the rainfall and night temperature (R: -0.37--0.16, P<0.05; R: -0.43--0.12, P<0.05), resulting in reducing rice appearance quality. Meanwhile, the rainfall and night temperature were negatively correlated with rice tasted value (R: -0.37--0.16, P<0.05; R: -0.43--0.12, P<0.05). The daily maximum temperature at grain filling stage was positively correlated with rice tasted value (R=0.37, P<0.05), while the daily minimum temperature was positively correlated with rice protein content (R=0.19, P<0.05), chalkiness (R=0.16, P<0.05), and chalkiness grain percentage (R=0.12, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The stage of 10-20 days after full heading was the key period for affecting rice grain quality by climate factor, and the improvement of rice qualities for late japonica varieties in southern rice region should focus on the integration of high-quality japonica genes with an indica gene of local adaptation, and the choice of hybrid rice (including indica-japonica hybrids and japonica hybrids) was more reliable and convenient than inbred japonica rice. The breeding of inbred japonica varieties should consider their ecological adaptability in combined with local climatic conditions.

Key words: double-cropping late rice, rice type, grain filling, rice quality, meteorological factors

冯向前, 殷敏, 王孟佳, 马横宇, 褚光, 刘元辉, 徐春梅, 章秀福, 张运波, 王丹英, 陈松. 南方稻区“早籼晚粳”栽培模式晚季灌浆期气象因子对晚粳稻品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(1): 46-63.

FENG XiangQian, YIN Min, WANG MengJia, MA HengYu, CHU Guang, LIU YuanHui, XU ChunMei, ZHANG XiuFu, ZHANG YunBo, WANG DanYing, CHEN Song. Effects of Meteorological Factors on Quality of Late Japonica Rice During Late Season Grain Filling Stage Under ‘Early Indica and Late Japonica’ Cultivation Pattern in Southern China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(1): 46-63.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.01.004

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2023/V56/I1/46

图/表 10

表1

试验品种详细信息"

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	育成单位 Breeding institution	品种审定适宜种植区域 Suitable planting area
IR	黄华占 Huanghuazhan	广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	浙江、广东、广西中部和南部、湖南山丘区 Zhejiang, Guangdong, central and southern Guangxi, Hunan hilly area
	天优华占 Tianyouhuazhan	中国水稻研究所 China National Rice Research Institute	浙江南部、广西中北部、广东北部、福建中北部、江西中南部、湖南中南部 Southern Zhejiang, central and northern Guangxi, northern Guangdong, central and northern Fujian, the central and southern of Jiangxi and Hunan
	C两优华占Cliangyouhuazhan	湖南金色农华种业科技有限公司 Hunan Jinse Nonghua Seed Technology Co., Ltd	广西、长江流域稻区 Guangxi, Yangtze River rice region
IJR	嘉58 Jia 58	嘉兴市农业科学研究院 Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences	浙江省单季晚粳稻区 Single cropping late japonica rice region in Zhejiang province
	南粳9108 Nangeng9108	江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	江苏省苏中及宁镇扬丘陵地区 Hilly area of Ningzhen, the central of Jiangsu province
	宁粳4号 Ningjing 4	南京农业大学农学院 College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University	河南沿黄、山东南部、江苏淮北、安徽沿淮及淮北地区 Henan along the Yellow River, southern Shandong, Jiangsu Huaibei, Anhui along the Haihe and Huaibei regions
	武育粳6567 Wuyugeng6567	江苏（武进）水稻研究所 Jiangsu (Wujin) Rice Research Institute	不详 Unknow
	武育粳6571 Wuyugeng6571	江苏（武进）水稻研究所 Jiangsu (Wujin) Rice Research Institute	不详 Unknow
	北粳1号 Beigeng 1	沈阳农业大学水稻所 Institute of Rice, Shenyang Agricultural University	沈阳以北中熟稻区 Medium mature rice area, north of Shenyang
	沪香粳151 Huxianggeng151	上海市农业科学院 Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences	上海市 Shanghai
	南粳46 Nanjing 46	江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	江苏省太湖地区东南部 Southeast of Taihu Lake area, Jiangsu province
	武运粳24 Wuyungeng24	江苏（武进）水稻研究所 Jiangsu (Wujin) Rice Research Institute	江苏省苏中及宁镇扬丘陵地区 Hilly area of Ningzhen, the central of Jiangsu province
	秀水134 Xiushui 134	嘉兴市农业科学研究院 Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences	浙江省、上海市 Zhejiang province, Shanghai
HJR	常优4号 Changyou4	常熟市农业科学研究所 Changshu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	浙江、上海和江苏苏南、湖北南部、安徽南部 Zhejiang, Shanghai, southern Jiangsu, southern Hubei and southern Anhui
	常优5号 Changyou5	常熟市农业科学研究所 Changshu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	浙江、上海和江苏苏南、湖北沿江、安徽沿江的粳稻区 Zhejiang, Shanghai, southern Jiangsu, japonica rice area of Hubei and Anhui along the Yangtze River
	嘉优5号 Jiayou5	嘉兴市农业科学研究院 Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences	浙江、上海、江苏苏南、湖北沿江、安徽沿江的粳稻区 Zhejiang, Shanghai, southern Jiangsu, japonica rice area of Hubei and Anhui along the Yangtze River
HIJR	甬优8号 Yongyou8	宁波市农业科学研究院 Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences	湖北、江苏苏南 Hubei, Southern Jiangsu
	春优927 Chunyou927	中国水稻研究所 China National Rice Research Institute	浙江省 Zhejiang province
	甬优12号 Yongyou12	宁波市农业科学研究院 Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences	浙江省钱塘江以南 South of Qiantang River, Zhejiang province
	甬优15号 Yongyou15	宁波市农业科学研究院 Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences	福建、浙江 Fujian, Zhejiang
	甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	宁波市农业科学研究院 Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences	浙江、上海、江苏苏南、湖北、江西、桂南 Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, southern Jiangsu, Hubei, Jiangxi and southern Guangxi
	甬优538 Yongyou 538	宁波市农业科学研究院 Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences	浙江省 Zhejiang province
	甬优540 Yongyou 540	宁波市农业科学研究院 Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences	江西、浙江 Jiangxi, Zhejiang

表1

图1

图2

图3

表2

不同类别品种的主要稻米品质"

类别 Class	品种 Variety	加工品质 Milling quality			外观品质 Appearance quality			食味品质 Tasted quality			蒸煮品质 Cooking quality
类别 Class	品种 Variety	糙米率 Brown rice rate (%)	精米率 Milled rice rate (%)	整精米率 Head rice rate (%)	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate (%)	垩白度 Chalkiness degree (%)	长宽比 Length- width ratio	食味值 Taste value	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	胶稠度 Gel consistency (mm)	碱消值 Alkali spreading value
Ⅰ	C两优华占 Cliangyouhuazhan	76.49±0.99	64.12±1.08	42.90±2.11	14.79±2.91	4.44±0.96	3.35±0.08	78.00±4.38	9.01±1.00	19.25±0.16	75.50±14.00	2.00±0
	黄华占 Huanghuazhan	76.46±1.27	63.99±2.30	39.64±2.03	6.74±1.20	2.22±0.41	3.13±0.07	75.00±1.10	7.97±1.00	18.95±0.49	74.50±6.42	3.29±0.97
	天优华占 Tianyouhuazhan	76.16±0.87	61.63±0.76	39.58±1.80	13.34±2.44	4.09±0.65	3.07±0.09	77.50±4.93	7.59±1.00	20.00±0.11	71.29±5.29	2.00±0
	平均值 Mean	76.37c	63.25c	40.71b	11.63c	3.58c	3.18a	76.83a	8.19b	19.40a	73.76ab	2.43b
	变异系数 CV (%)	1.32	2.94	6.02	36.14	33.58	4.62	5.04	13.58	2.77	12.23	33.68
Ⅱ	北粳1号 Beigeng1	79.88±0.87	70.23±1.64	59.34±3.30	17.78±3.80	6.16±0.78	1.70±0.24	71.50±2.74	9.83±1.00	12.20±0.33	65.42±10.47	2.71±0.23
	宁粳4号 Ninggeng4	80.06±1.22	67.02±3.31	42.31±1.02	33.01±2.56	11.83±2.59	2.12±0.28	74.00±6.02	8.85±1.00	10.10±0.55	46.25±19.18	2.06±0.07
	沪香粳151 Huxianggeng151	82.96±0.75	71.78±0.57	58.72±0.41	42.68±11.35	12.64±5.72	1.88±0.03	77.00±4.38	8.27±0	12.70±0.71	60.25±11.58	2.17±0.52
	南粳9108 Nangeng9108	83.27±0.66	72.12±0.62	48.82±2.20	75.34±3.46	36.58±5.86	1.91±0.02	69.50±7.12	8.94±1.00	9.10±0.55	65.88±14.36	2.28±0.27
	武育粳6567 Wuyugeng6567	82.26±0.46	65.31±2.19	49.51±10.66	68.71±13.26	34.51±10.18	2.04±0.11	71.00±10.95	8.40±1.00	14.30±0.55	67.13±1.43	2.79±0.15
	武育粳6571 Wuyugeng6571	79.09±1.36	58.88±6.8	40.46±2.55	70.40±12.87	33.94±8.44	1.79±0.08	68.00±9.86	8.66±0	11.10±0.55	69.54±5.86	2.58±0.14
	甬优8号 Yongyou8	78.04±0.35	65.16±0.34	48.05±0.63	48.80±8.49	19.32±5.75	1.99±0.02	68.00±4.93	8.77±0	12.10±0.99	77±1.64	2.17±0.17
	平均值 Mean	80.83a	66.92b	49.48a	51.65a	22.47a	1.90c	70.57b	8.89a	11.65c	68.08b	2.47b
	变异系数 CV (%)	2.70	7.93	16.32	41.99	57.44	9.49	9.68	8.07	36.25	16.05	14.35
Ⅲ	甬优538 Yongyou538	79.98±0.51	69.84±0.65	53.50±1.53	31.12±2.80	8.00±0.62	1.75±0.03	79.50±3.83	7.46±1.00	15.70±0.99	69.29±2.32	2.75±0.07
	甬优1540 Yongyou1540	80.32±0.64	70.24±2.27	56.08±0.06	18.44±0.16	5.51±0.17	2.10±0.04	82.00±0	7.31±0	16.70±0	78.42±1.92	3.58±0.08
	春优927 Chunyou927	78.35±1.46	68.16±1.97	56.19±2.87	20.50±2.81	5.24±0.82	1.69±0.04	81.50±2.74	7.39±0	15.95±0.16	76.33±20.24	3.13±0.21
	甬优12 Yongyou12	79.22±1.10	70.05±1.33	59.71±1.30	23.89±3.45	6.04±0.44	1.80±0.02	80.00±2.74	7.46±1.00	16.20±0.22	82.00±4.93	3.00±0.43
	秀水134 Xiushui134	80.08±0.62	69.53±1.58	57.05±1.32	20.46±2.51	6.22±1.13	1.84±0.02	80.00±1.10	7.45±0	16.70±0.05	63.08±2.91	4.92±0.86
	甬优540 Yongyou540	80.8±1.23	68.45±1.35	46.20±1.94	29.84±0.39	8.30±0.45	2.46±0.03	77.50±3.29	7.80±1.00	13.70±0.66	82.04±6.48	2.33±0.71
	常优5号 Changyou5	81.05±1.48	70.65±1.50	49.68±1.86	19.15±1.75	5.30±1.27	1.83±0.05	78.00±3.83	7.58±1.00	15.90±0.55	100.75±6.59	2.17±0.32
	甬优15号 Yongyou15	80.78±2.50	67.78±3.16	47.27±5.00	28.82±1.17	9.85±0.30	2.16±0.07	79.00±4.38	7.49±1.00	13.55±0	64.17±10.70	3.54±0.24
	南粳46 Nangeng46	80.41±1.03	66.72±1.09	49.75±1.38	35.06±3.19	12.06±2.76	2.08±0.59	81.00±2.19	7.52±0	13.70±0.60	68.67±3.27	4.17±0.61
	武运粳24 Wuyungeng24	80.78±2.17	70.31±0.83	63.29±5.29	21.66±4.61	7.93±2.88	2.55±0.12	76.00±3.83	8.49±1.00	14.75±0.93	67.75±5.57	3.71±0.64
	常优4号 Changyou4	81.41±0.60	65.59±3.39	42.98±5.74	59.44±3.69	21.64±3.25	2.35±0.01	76.50±2.74	7.43±0	12.00±0.33	83.88±26.07	2.89±0.85
	嘉58 Jia58	80.43±1.29	69.07±2.31	55.98±2.74	40.40±8.21	14.90±2.78	2.11±0.05	77.50±6.02	7.49±0	12.45±1.81	64.58±4.15	2.50±0.18
	嘉优5号 Jiayou5	78.84±0.59	65.16±0.99	47.56±3.86	36.32±4.44	11.30±1.81	2.11±0.02	76.50±2.74	7.68±0	14.20±0.66	74.00±15.22	2.75±0.61
	平均值 Mean	80.03b	68.24a	51.72a	29.88b	9.62b	2.06b	78.81a	7.56c	14.63b	74.46a	3.13a
	变异系数 CV (%)	2.02	3.37	13.34	39.50	51.65	15.56	4.90	7.48	11.61	18.14	26.96

表2

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

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