东北典型黑土区旱地耕层土壤肥力指标的纬度变化特征及其关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.10.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (10): 2132-2141.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.10.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

东北典型黑土区旱地耕层土壤肥力指标的纬度变化特征及其关系

尹思佳¹(),李慧²,徐志强³,裴久渤¹(),戴继光³,刘雨薇¹,李艾蒙¹,于雅茜¹,刘维¹,汪景宽¹

¹沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室/农业农村部东北耕地保育重点实验室,沈阳 110866
²沈阳农业大学林学院,沈阳 110866
³辽宁省农业发展服务中心,沈阳 110034

收稿日期:2020-07-13 接受日期:2020-11-25 出版日期:2021-05-16 发布日期:2021-05-24
联系方式: 尹思佳,E-mail: 15940599410@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划子课题(2017YFD0200604);国家自然科学基金(41807086);沈阳农业大学博士启动基金(880416042);沈阳农业大学博士启动基金(880416020)

Spatial Variations and Relationships of Topsoil Fertility Indices of Drylands in the Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China

YIN SiJia¹(),LI Hui²,XU ZhiQiang³,PEI JiuBo¹(),DAI JiGuang³,LIU YuWei¹,LI AiMeng¹,YU YaXi¹,LIU Wei¹,WANG JingKuan¹

¹College of Land and Environment of Shenyang Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources/Key Laboratory of Northeast Cultivated Land Conservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866
²College of Forest of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866
³Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center, Shenyang 110034

Received:2020-07-13 Accepted:2020-11-25 Published:2021-05-16 Online:2021-05-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确东北典型黑土区土壤肥力指标的纬度特征及其关系,探究黑土地核心地带肥力调控的问题,为黑土地耕地质量调控和国家粮食稳产增产提供有力支撑。【方法】2018年秋收后,在研究区按纬度梯度采样,测定土壤有机质、酸碱度、全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮、容重、大微团聚体质量比等肥力指标和土壤含水量、土壤温度等环境指标,通过主成分分析、冗余分析和相关分析,明确研究区内各指标纬度变化特征及相互关系。【结果】东北典型黑土区土壤肥力指标具有明显的纬度分异特征,除容重属于弱变异外,其他肥力指标均属于中等变异。土壤有机质是该区域影响土壤肥力的核心指标,随纬度升高而增加,与大微团聚体质量比、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、全钾、全磷和酸碱度均呈显著正相关;与土壤含水量、土壤温度和容重呈负相关。纬度在46.07°—49.18°之间土壤容重变化对土壤肥力影响较大,纬度在42.99°—45.59°之间的土壤肥力受土壤容重、有机质含量、酸碱度等共同作用。【结论】在46.07°—49.18°范围内,可通过改善土壤容重方法调控土壤肥力指标,而在42.99°—45.59°范围内需要通过测土配方施肥对作物所需的土壤养分进行综合调控。对整个研究区而言,调控土壤有机质仍是当前培肥土壤的主要内容。

关键词: 东北典型黑土区, 旱地, 土壤肥力指标, 纬度特征, 相关性

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to clarify the latitude characteristics and relationships among soil fertility indices in the typical black soil region of northeast China, clarify the problems of fertility control in the heart of black land and provide strong support for the quality control of black land cultivated land and grain yield stable and increase.【Method】Soil samples were collected following by latitude gradient in the study area after the autumn harvest in 2018. The soil fertility indices, such as soil organic matter, pH, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, available potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, bulk density, soil water content, soil temperature the ratio of macro- and micro-aggregates, soil water content and soil temperature, were measured to investigate these indices’ latitudinal variation characteristics and their relationships by means of principal component analysis, redundancy analysis and correlation analysis. 【Result】The soil fertility indices of typical black soil region in Northeast China showed obvious latitudinal variation characteristics. In addition to the weak variation of bulk density, other fertility indices showed medium variation. Soil organic matter was the core influencing index in this region, which was increasing with the increase of latitude, and had a significant positive correlation with the ratio of macro- and micro-aggregates, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total potassium, total phosphorus and pH. Nevertheless, it was negatively correlated with soil water content, soil temperature and bulk density. The soil fertility indices with latitude between 46.07 ° and 49.18 ° were greatly affected by the change of soil bulk density, while the indices with latitude between 42.99 ° and 45.59 ° were combined action with soil bulk density, organic matter content and pH.【Conclusion】In the latitude range of 46.07 ° to 49.18 °, the soil fertility indices could be regulated by improving soil bulk density, while in the latitude range of 42.99 ° to 45.59 °, the soil nutrient should be comprehensively regulated by soil testing and formulated fertilization. For the whole study area, the regulation of soil organic matte was still an important content of soil fertility.

Key words: typical black soil region in northeast China, dryland, soil fertility index, latitude characteristics, correlation

尹思佳,李慧,徐志强,裴久渤,戴继光,刘雨薇,李艾蒙,于雅茜,刘维,汪景宽. 东北典型黑土区旱地耕层土壤肥力指标的纬度变化特征及其关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(10): 2132-2141.

YIN SiJia,LI Hui,XU ZhiQiang,PEI JiuBo,DAI JiGuang,LIU YuWei,LI AiMeng,YU YaXi,LIU Wei,WANG JingKuan. Spatial Variations and Relationships of Topsoil Fertility Indices of Drylands in the Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(10): 2132-2141.

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编号ID	经度Longitude	纬度Latitude	编号 ID	经度Longitude	纬度Latitude	编号 ID	经度Longitude	纬度Latitude	编号 ID	经度Longitude	纬度Latitude	编号 ID	经度Longitude	纬度Latitude
1	124.88°	47.09°	7	125.02°	48.75°	13	126.14°	47.80°	19	126.57°	45.59°	25	125.12°	43.57°
2	125.15°	47.33°	8	125.31°	49.18°	14	125.92°	47.10°	20	126.31°	45.31°	26	124.88°	43.57°
3	125.33°	47.61°	9	125.86°	49.04°	15	126.07°	46.73°	21	126.18°	44.05°	27	124.80°	43.47°
4	125.13°	48.01°	10	126.12°	48.68°	16	126.25°	46.43°	22	126.05°	44.92°	28	124.57°	43.32°
5	124.96°	48.22°	11	126.48°	48.26°	17	126.27°	46.07°	23	125.87°	44.62°	29	124.07°	43.24°
6	124.97°	48.59°	12	126.25°	47.98°	18	126.33°	46.07°	24	125.58°	44.32°	30	123.85°	42.99°

土壤肥力指标 Soil fertility index	最小值 MIN	最大值 MAX	平均值 MN	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)
有机质Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	10.00	61.61	30.54	11.82	38.72
pH	4.67	7.76	6.15	0.68	11.11
碱解氮Alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	15.05	292.52	114.81	80.44	70.06
全钾Total K (g·kg^-1)	11.38	52.55	29.43	15.59	52.95
全磷Total P (g·kg^-1)	0.30	1.11	0.63	0.21	33.96
速效钾Available K (mg·kg^-1)	17.89	150.03	74.77	37.28	49.86
速效磷Available P (mg·kg^-1)	0.62	86.39	33.22	25.65	77.21
容重Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	0.89	1.29	1.09	0.10	9.32
大微团聚体质量比Mass ratio of macro- and micro-aggregates	4.59	60.63	21.22	13.73	64.71
含水量Water content (%)	14.37	31.05	20.31	0.04	21.10
温度Temperature (℃)	8.37	16.43	12.47	1.91	15.31

东北典型黑土区旱地耕层土壤肥力指标的纬度变化特征及其关系

Spatial Variations and Relationships of Topsoil Fertility Indices of Drylands in the Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China

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