中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 1469-1481.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.012
邓飞,何连华,陈多,田青兰,李秋萍,曾玉玲,李博,陈虹,王丽,任万军()
收稿日期:
2020-07-06
接受日期:
2020-09-03
出版日期:
2021-04-01
发布日期:
2021-04-22
通讯作者:
任万军
作者简介:
邓飞,E-mail: 基金资助:
DENG Fei,HE LianHua,CHEN Duo,TIAN QingLan,LI QiuPing,ZENG YuLing,LI Bo,CHEN Hong,WANG Li,REN WanJun()
Received:
2020-07-06
Accepted:
2020-09-03
Online:
2021-04-01
Published:
2021-04-22
Contact:
WanJun REN
摘要: 【目的】 明确不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻的氮素吸收利用特性,为西南稻区中籼杂交稻机插高产栽培和品种选育提供理论和实践依据。 【方法】 以西南稻区的20个中籼杂交稻品种为材料,依据日产量将供试品种聚类为高日产、中日产和低日产3个类型,进而研究了不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻间的氮素积累、分配、转运及氮素生产利用效率的差异及其与日产量的关系。【结果】(1)不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻间氮素积累特性差异明显。较中日产和低日产类型,高日产类型机插杂交籼稻在拔节前(播种—拔节期)具有较低的氮素积累比例,但其能有效提高拔节期和齐穗期各器官及植株含氮量,成熟期穗部和植株含氮率,以及2017年拔节—齐穗阶段的氮素积累量和2018年齐穗—成熟阶段氮素积累速率,进而提高全生育期氮素积累速率,使全生育期植株氮素积累量分别增加了3.70%—5.97%和16.57%—18.63%。(2)高日产类型机插杂交籼稻具有较高的齐穗期茎鞘和成熟期穗部氮素分配比例,以及较低的成熟期叶片氮素分配比例,其地上部营养器官(特别是茎鞘)氮素转运量明显高于中日产和低日产类型。(3)低日产类型机插杂交籼稻显著提高了氮素干物质生产效率,而高日产类型则能有效提高氮素收获指数和偏生产力。(4)相关分析表明,随日产量增加,各生育时期植株含氮率,拔节—齐穗阶段植株氮素积累量和积累速率,齐穗期茎鞘氮素分配比例和氮素偏生产力均显著增加,拔节前氮素积累比例、成熟期叶片氮素分配比例和氮素干物质生产效率均显著降低。【结论】整体看来,拔节—齐穗阶段植株氮素积累速率快、积累量大,齐穗期茎鞘和成熟穗部氮素分配比例高,可作为高日产类型机插杂交籼稻的氮素吸收利用特征指标。
邓飞,何连华,陈多,田青兰,李秋萍,曾玉玲,李博,陈虹,王丽,任万军. 不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻的氮素吸收利用特性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(7): 1469-1481.
DENG Fei,HE LianHua,CHEN Duo,TIAN QingLan,LI QiuPing,ZENG YuLing,LI Bo,CHEN Hong,WANG Li,REN WanJun. Characteristics of Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Machine- Transplanted Indica Hybrid Rice with Different Daily Yield Types[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(7): 1469-1481.
表1
供试品种基本信息"
品种 Variety | 全生育期 Whole growth duration (d) | 产量 Grain yield (t·hm-2) | 日产量 Daily grain yield (kg·hm-2·d-1) | 日产量类型 Daily yield type | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | 2018 | 平均 Mean | 2017 | 2018 | 平均 Mean | 2017 | 2018 | 平均 Mean | ||
天优华占 Tianyouhuazhan | 154.00 | 151.00 | 152.50 | 13.10 | 12.12 | 12.61 | 85.06 | 80.83 | 82.95 | 高日产HDY |
繁优609 Fanyou 609 | 146.00 | 146.00 | 146.00 | 12.54 | 11.70 | 12.12 | 85.29 | 80.16 | 82.73 | 高日产HDY |
C两优华占C Liangyouhuazhan | 158.00 | 155.00 | 156.50 | 12.53 | 12.14 | 12.34 | 79.33 | 78.82 | 79.08 | 高日产HDY |
晶两优534 Jingliangyou 534 | 160.00 | 156.00 | 158.00 | 12.82 | 11.81 | 12.32 | 80.11 | 76.22 | 78.17 | 高日产HDY |
中优295 Zhongyou 295 | 155.00 | 152.00 | 153.50 | 11.76 | 11.94 | 11.85 | 75.87 | 79.09 | 77.48 | 高日产HDY |
Y两优1号 Y Liangyou 1 | 164.00 | 158.00 | 161.00 | 12.83 | 11.97 | 12.40 | 78.21 | 76.26 | 77.24 | 高日产HDY |
F优498 F You 498 | 155.00 | 152.00 | 153.50 | 11.52 | 11.65 | 11.59 | 74.30 | 77.15 | 75.73 | 高日产HDY |
平均 Mean | 158.40 | 154.60 | 156.50 | 12.29 | 11.90 | 12.10 | 77.56 | 77.51 | 77.54 | — |
内5优39 Nei 5 You 39 | 160.00 | 156.00 | 158.00 | 12.47 | 10.83 | 11.65 | 77.91 | 69.89 | 73.90 | 中日产MDY |
花香优1618 Huaxiangyou 1618 | 164.00 | 159.00 | 161.50 | 12.41 | 11.00 | 11.71 | 75.68 | 69.62 | 72.65 | 中日产MDY |
蜀优217 Shuyou 217 | 164.00 | 159.00 | 161.50 | 12.08 | 10.98 | 11.53 | 73.68 | 69.52 | 71.60 | 中日产MDY |
中9优2号 Zhong 9 You 2 | 155.00 | 152.00 | 153.50 | 10.86 | 10.85 | 10.86 | 70.08 | 71.87 | 70.98 | 中日产MDY |
川优8377 Chuanyou 8377 | 164.00 | 157.00 | 160.50 | 11.97 | 10.67 | 11.32 | 72.99 | 68.41 | 70.70 | 中日产MDY |
绿优4923 Lvyou 4923 | 159.00 | 155.00 | 157.00 | 11.51 | 10.48 | 11.00 | 72.42 | 68.07 | 70.25 | 中日产MDY |
隆两优1146 Longliangyou1146 | 158.00 | 155.00 | 156.50 | 10.89 | 10.78 | 10.84 | 68.94 | 70.00 | 69.47 | 中日产MDY |
宜香优2115 Yixiangyou 2115 | 164.00 | 157.00 | 160.50 | 11.22 | 10.81 | 11.02 | 68.43 | 69.27 | 68.85 | 中日产MDY |
平均 Mean | 160.00 | 155.20 | 157.60 | 11.29 | 10.72 | 11.00 | 70.57 | 69.52 | 70.05 | — |
宜香4245 Yixiang 4245 | 164.00 | 158.00 | 161.00 | 11.14 | 10.12 | 10.63 | 67.92 | 64.45 | 66.19 | 低日产LDY |
旌优127 Jingyou 127 | 151.00 | 149.00 | 150.00 | 10.31 | 9.09 | 9.70 | 68.29 | 61.39 | 64.84 | 低日产LDY |
渝香203 Yuxiang 203 | 166.00 | 162.00 | 164.00 | 10.93 | 10.08 | 10.51 | 65.85 | 62.63 | 64.24 | 低日产LDY |
渝优7109 Yuyou 7109 | 166.00 | 162.00 | 164.00 | 10.42 | 10.23 | 10.33 | 62.75 | 63.56 | 63.16 | 低日产LDY |
川优6203 Chuanyou 6203 | 164.00 | 159.00 | 161.50 | 11.10 | 8.85 | 9.98 | 67.71 | 56.00 | 61.86 | 低日产LDY |
平均 Mean | 161.75 | 158.00 | 159.88 | 10.69 | 9.56 | 10.13 | 66.15 | 60.90 | 63.52 | — |
表2
不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻植株含氮率变化特性"
年份 Year | 日产量类型 Daily yield type | 拔节期JS (%) | 齐穗期HS (%) | 成熟期MS (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
叶片 Leaf lamina | 茎鞘 Stem plus sheath | 植株 Shoot | 叶片 Leaf lamina | 茎鞘 Stem plus sheath | 穗 Panicle | 植株 Shoot | 叶片 Leaf lamina | 茎鞘 Stem plus sheath | 穗 Panicle | 植株 Shoot | ||
2017 | 高日产HDY | 3.73b | 1.75a | 2.69ab | 2.50b | 0.861a | 1.54d | 1.42b | 0.910c | 0.608c | 1.26c | 1.00c |
中日产MDY | 3.50c | 1.63b | 2.50c | 2.32c | 0.720b | 1.50de | 1.27c | 0.923c | 0.643c | 1.21d | 0.977c | |
低日产LDY | 3.45c | 1.61b | 2.51c | 2.09d | 0.709b | 1.45e | 1.23c | 0.827d | 0.540d | 1.16e | 0.919d | |
平均Mean | 3.56B | 1.66A | 2.57B | 2.31B | 0.763B | 1.50B | 1.31B | 0.887B | 0.597B | 1.21B | 0.966B | |
2018 | 高日产HDY | 4.10a | 1.75a | 2.79a | 2.78a | 0.892a | 1.86a | 1.58a | 1.18a | 0.753ab | 1.44a | 1.20a |
中日产MDY | 3.81b | 1.65ab | 2.59bc | 2.74a | 0.883a | 1.73b | 1.56a | 1.12a | 0.815a | 1.42a | 1.18a | |
低日产LDY | 3.76b | 1.62b | 2.56bc | 2.67a | 0.861a | 1.63c | 1.54a | 1.03b | 0.719b | 1.36b | 1.10b | |
平均Mean | 3.89A | 1.67A | 2.65A | 2.73A | 0.878A | 1.74A | 1.56A | 1.11A | 0.762A | 1.41A | 1.16A | |
F值 F value | 年份Year (Y) | 61.37** | 0.13 | 4.71* | 129.40** | 50.07** | 92.68** | 131.81** | 87.08** | 68.6** | 257.04** | 331.90** |
日产量类型 Daily yield type (D) | 22.42** | 7.10** | 13.57** | 15.16** | 12.10** | 12.34** | 10.35** | 8.24** | 7.98** | 17.69** | 22.69** | |
年份×日产量类型 Y×D | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 4.84** | 7.36** | 2.47 | 4.82* | 1.07 | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.15 |
表3
不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻氮素积累特性"
年份 Year | 日产量类型 Daily yield | 拔节前 Before JS | 拔节-齐穗 JS-HS | 齐穗-成熟 HS-MS | 全生育期 Whole growth duration | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
积累速率 NAR (kg·hm-2·d-1) | 积累量 NAA (kg·hm-2) | 积累比例 NAP (%) | 积累速率 NAR (kg·hm-2·d-1) | 积累量 NAA (kg·hm-2) | 积累比例 NAP (%) | 积累速率 NAR (kg· hm-2·d-1) | 积累量 NAA (kg·hm-2) | 积累比例 NAP (%) | 积累速率 NAR (kg·hm-2·d-1) | 积累量 NAA (kg·hm-2) | ||
2017 | 高日产HDY | 1.85c | 138.57d | 54.94d | 2.15a | 96.86a | 37.79a | 0.514c | 18.22c | 7.28c | 1.63c | 253.64b |
中日产MDY | 1.99bc | 151.32bc | 63.51ab | 1.36cd | 63.75bc | 26.74b | 0.663c | 24.27bc | 9.75bc | 1.50d | 239.34c | |
低日产LDY | 1.87c | 142.28cd | 66.40a | 1.08d | 49.81c | 23.69b | 0.531c | 21.72c | 9.91bc | 1.32e | 213.81d | |
平均Mean | 1.90B | 144.06B | 61.61A | 1.53A | 70.14A | 29.41A | 0.569B | 21.40B | 8.98B | 1.48B | 235.60B | |
2018 | 高日产HDY | 2.26a | 169.25a | 57.48cd | 1.96ab | 68.44ab | 23.45b | 1.39a | 58.32a | 19.08a | 1.95a | 296.01a |
中日产MDY | 2.27a | 172.96a | 60.68bc | 1.73abc | 61.00bc | 21.74b | 1.19ab | 51.48a | 17.58a | 1.84b | 285.45a | |
低日产LDY | 2.06b | 156.45b | 61.75bc | 1.50bcd | 57.34bc | 22.71b | 0.932bc | 40.14ab | 15.54ab | 1.62c | 253.93b | |
平均Mean | 2.20A | 166.22A | 59.97A | 1.73A | 62.26A | 22.63B | 1.17A | 49.98A | 17.40A | 1.80A | 278.46A | |
F值 F value | 年份Year(Y) | 51.93** | 46.24** | 1.67 | 2.15 | 2.40 | 12.36** | 20.95** | 28.87** | 20.34** | 180.76** | 127.76** |
日产量类型 Daily yield (D) | 5.43** | 5.40** | 13.64** | 10.73** | 11.20** | 5.94** | 0.97 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 55.40** | 36.10** | |
年份×日产量类型 Y×D | 2.21 | 2.00 | 2.85 | 2.19 | 4.34* | 4.12* | 1.16 | 1.33 | 0.90 | 0.22 | 0.22 |
表4
不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻氮素分配特性"
年份 Year | 日产量类型 Daily yield | 拔节期JS (%) | 齐穗期HS (%) | 成熟期MS (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
叶片 Leaf lamina | 茎鞘 Stem plus sheath | 叶片 Leaf lamina | 茎鞘 Stem plus sheath | 穗 Panicle | 叶片 Leaf lamina | 茎鞘 Stem plus sheath | 穗 Panicle | ||
2017 | 高日产HDY | 66.02ab | 33.98bc | 48.31c | 34.02a | 17.67b | 11.78b | 19.63cd | 68.58a |
中日产MDY | 65.37abc | 34.63abc | 48.25c | 32.36ab | 19.39a | 13.63a | 22.10ab | 64.27b | |
低日产LDY | 67.00a | 33.00c | 48.97c | 31.87b | 19.16a | 13.89a | 17.85d | 68.25a | |
平均Mean | 66.13A | 33.87B | 48.51B | 32.75B | 18.74A | 13.10B | 19.86A | 67.04A | |
2018 | 高日产HDY | 65.20bc | 34.80ab | 50.40c | 32.10b | 17.50b | 13.60a | 19.27cd | 67.12a |
中日产MDY | 63.86c | 36.14a | 52.61ab | 31.87b | 15.52c | 14.06a | 23.09a | 62.85b | |
低日产LDY | 64.78bc | 35.22ab | 54.76a | 30.62b | 14.63c | 14.89a | 20.87bc | 64.24b | |
平均Mean | 64.61B | 35.39A | 52.59A | 31.53A | 15.88B | 14.18A | 21.08B | 64.74B | |
F值 F value | 年份Year (Y) | 10.92** | 10.92** | 46.85** | 5.43* | 55.41** | 7.52** | 3.87 | 9.93** |
日产量类型 Daily yield (D) | 3.03 | 3.03 | 5.39** | 3.71* | 1.08 | 6.24** | 13.19** | 13.81** | |
年份×日产量类型 Y×D | 0.71 | 0.71 | 3.11* | 0.72 | 12.78** | 1.20 | 2.26 | 1.21 |
表5
不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻氮素转运特性"
年份 Year | 日产量类型 Daily yield | 氮素转运量 N redistribution amount (kg·hm-2) | 氮素转运率 N redistribution rate (%) | 氮素转运贡献率 Contribution rate of redistributed N (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
叶片 Leaf lamina | 茎鞘 Stem plus sheath | 叶片 Leaf lamina | 茎鞘 Stem plus sheath | 叶片 Leaf lamina | 茎鞘 Stem plus sheath | ||
2017 | 高日产HDY | 83.93a | 30.00a | 73.43a | 37.36a | 48.49a | 17.29a |
中日产MDY | 70.93b | 16.53bc | 68.47b | 22.71b | 46.26ab | 10.99b | |
低日产LDY | 64.27b | 22.96ab | 68.56b | 37.67a | 44.51ab | 15.97a | |
平均Mean | 73.04B | 23.16A | 70.15A | 32.58A | 46.42A | 14.75A | |
2018 | 高日产HDY | 80.16a | 18.31bc | 66.20b | 23.49b | 40.84b | 9.39b |
中日产MDY | 83.01a | 8.39d | 66.90b | 10.27c | 46.58ab | 4.82c | |
低日产LDY | 79.39a | 12.82cd | 67.74b | 19.07bc | 49.61a | 7.44bc | |
平均Mean | 80.85A | 13.17B | 66.95B | 17.61B | 45.68A | 7.21B | |
F值 F value | 年份Year (Y) | 9.46** | 19.53** | 10.40** | 25.66** | 0.20 | 32.40** |
日产量类型 Daily yield (D) | 4.97** | 10.39** | 1.89 | 9.92** | 0.71 | 6.89** | |
年份×日产量类型 Y×D | 5.43** | 0.24 | 4.28* | 0.36 | 4.66* | 0.30 |
表6
不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻氮素利用特性"
年份 Year | 日产量类型 Daily yield | 氮素干物质生产效率 N use efficiency for biomass production (kg·kg-1) | 氮素籽粒生产效率 N use efficiency for grain production (kg·kg-1) | 氮素收获指数 N harvest index | 氮素偏生产力 Partial factor productivity of applied N (kg·kg-1) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | 高日产HDY | 100.17b | 49.50a | 68.58a | 69.12a | |||||||
中日产MDY | 102.39b | 48.90a | 64.27b | 64.88b | ||||||||
低日产LDY | 109.32a | 50.63a | 68.25a | 59.89c | ||||||||
平均Mean | 103.96A | 49.68A | 67.04A | 64.63A | ||||||||
2018 | 高日产HDY | 83.76d | 40.45b | 67.12a | 66.15b | |||||||
中日产MDY | 85.24d | 38.07b | 62.85b | 60.01c | ||||||||
低日产LDY | 90.81c | 38.11b | 64.24b | 53.743d | ||||||||
平均Mean | 86.60B | 38.88B | 64.74B | 59.97B | ||||||||
F值 F value | 年份Year (Y) | 335.50** | 201.80** | 9.93** | 56.87** | |||||||
日产量类型 Daily yield (D) | 23.43** | 1.52 | 13.81** | 93.37** | ||||||||
年份×日产量类型 Y×D | 0.37 | 1.61 | 1.21 | 2.10 |
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