不同灌溉和施肥模式对水稻产量、氮利用和稻田氮转化特征的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.013

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 1482-1498.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.013

不同灌溉和施肥模式对水稻产量、氮利用和稻田氮转化特征的影响

曹小闯¹,吴龙龙¹,朱春权¹,朱练峰¹,孔亚丽¹,陆若辉²,孔海民²,胡兆平³,戴锋⁴,张均华¹(),金千瑜¹

¹中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州 310006
²浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站,杭州 310020
³金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司/养分资源高效开发与综合利用国家重点实验室,山东临沂 276700
⁴绍兴沃土农业科技有限公司,浙江绍兴 312000

收稿日期:2020-07-04 接受日期:2020-09-29 出版日期:2021-04-01 发布日期:2021-04-22
通讯作者: 张均华
作者简介:曹小闯,E-mail：caoxiaochuang@126.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300106);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200800);浙江省自然科学基金(LY18C130005)

Effects of Different Irrigation and Nitrogen Application Regimes on the Yield, Nitrogen Utilization of Rice and Nitrogen Transformation in Paddy Soil

CAO XiaoChuang¹,WU LongLong¹,ZHU ChunQuan¹,ZHU LianFeng¹,KONG YaLi¹,LU RuoHui²,KONG HaiMin²,HU ZhaoPing³,DAI Feng⁴,ZHANG JunHua¹(),JIN QianYu¹

¹China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou 310006
²Zhejiang Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station, Hangzhou 310020
³Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd./State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Linyi 276700, Shandong
¹Shaoxing Wotu Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang

Received:2020-07-04 Accepted:2020-09-29 Online:2021-04-01 Published:2021-04-22
Contact: JunHua ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】阐明常规淹灌和干湿交替灌溉下,不同施肥模式对水稻关键生育期氮吸收转运、氮素利用率和稻田氮转化特征的影响及其与水稻产量的关系,以期为绿色高效稻田水肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】 2018—2019年连续进行2年,以杂交籼稻中浙优1号为供试材料,设常规淹灌（FI）、干湿交替（AWD）2种灌溉模式以及空白对照（N₀）、常规施氮（PUN₁₀₀）、减氮20%（PUN₈₀）、缓控释复合肥减氮20%+生物炭（CRFN₈₀-BC）和稳定性复合肥减氮20%+生物炭（SFN₈₀-BC）5种施肥模式,对比分析了不同灌溉和施肥模式下水稻产量、氮吸收利用及稻田氮转化特征。【结果】（1）与FI灌溉模式相比,AWD灌溉显著增加了各处理水稻产量（P<0.05）,CRFN₈₀-BC和SFN₈₀-BC处理水稻产量分别达9 721 kg·hm^-2、10 056 kg·hm^-2（2018年）和9 492 kg·hm^-2、9 907 kg·hm^-2（2019年）,且均显著高于PUN₈₀和PUN₁₀₀处理（P<0.05）,这可能与水稻穗粒数、有效穗增加密切相关。（2）与N₀、PUN₁₀₀和PUN₈₀处理相比,AWD灌溉显著提高了抽穗前CRFN₈₀-BC和SFN₈₀-BC处理水稻茎鞘和叶片氮累积量、抽穗至成熟期茎鞘和叶片氮转运量及其氮转运贡献率;同时,显著增加了成熟期0—30 cm剖面稻田可溶性总氮（dissloved total N,DTN）和NO₃^-含量,并有效降低稻田渗滤液中DTN、NH₄⁺和NO₃^-质量浓度。（3）相关分析结果表明,水稻产量与营养生长期叶片和茎鞘氮累积量,抽穗后氮转运量和氮转运贡献率,成熟期水稻氮素利用率和稻田氮有效性显著正相关,表明适宜的水氮管理能协同促进氮素在水稻中的吸收和运转畅通,增加稻田氮素有效性,进而显著提高水稻产量和氮素利用率。【结论】综合2年水稻产量与氮素吸收利用、稻田氮素有效性特征,干湿交替灌溉下生物炭配施缓控释/稳定性复合肥能有效提高水稻高产群体构建、氮吸收转运和氮素利用效率,并降低稻田氮淋溶损失。

关键词: 干湿交替灌溉, 缓控释/稳定复合肥, 氮吸收利用, 氮转化, 产量, 水稻

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to provide a theoretical basis for rational management of irrigation and nitrogen (N), the effects of the different water and nitrogen application models on the nitrogen absorption and translocation, and nitrogen use efficiency of indica hybrid rice, nitrogen transformation characteristic in paddy soil and their relationships with rice yield were studied. 【Method】 Using the indica hybrid rice Zhongzheyou 1 as experimental material, a two-factor experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019, including two irrigation regimes (flood irrigation, FI; alternate wet and dry irrigation, AWD) and five nitrogen application types (zero nitrogen, N₀; traditional nitrogen level, PUN₁₀₀; 80% of traditional nitrogen level, PUN₈₀; 80% of control-released nitrogen fertilizer plus biochar, CRFN₈₀-BC; 80% of stable compound nitrogen fertilizer plus biochar, SFN₈₀-BC). The grain yield, nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice, and nitrogen transformation characteristic in paddy soil were measured.【Result】(1) AWD significantly increased the rice yield in relative to that under FI conditions, and rice yields under CRFN₈₀-BC and SFN₈₀-BC treatments were significantly higher than that under PUN₈₀ and even PUN₁₀₀ treatments (P<0.05). Their values were 9 721 kg·hm^-2 and 10 056 kg·hm^-2in 2018, and 9 492 kg·hm^-2 and 9 907 kg·hm^-2in 2019, respectively, which was closely related to the increased rice spikelet or tillering number under the AWD condition. (2) Compared with N₀, PUN₁₀₀and PUN₈₀ treatments, AWD significantly improved the nitrogen accumulation of leaf and stem-sheath before the heading stage, nitrogen translocation and the contribution of nitrogen translocation to panicle from the heading to maturity stage under CRFN₈₀-BC and SFN₈₀-BC treatments. It also significantly increased the contents of the dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) and NO₃^- in 0-30 cm soil depths at the maturity stage, but greatly suppressed the concentrations of DTN, NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- in soil leachate. (3) Rice grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with the nitrogen accumulation of nutritional organs (e.g. leaf and stem-sheath), nitrogen translocation and their nitrogen contribution to panicle, and nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen availability at the maturity stage. It indicated that the suitable water and nitrogen management could collaboratively improve the fluency of the nitrogen absorption-translocation in rice and nitrogen availability in paddy soil, which were beneficial for the improvement of rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.【Conclusion】 Given the results of grain yield, nitrogen utilization and nitrogen availability in rice paddy of the two years, it could be concluded that control-released/stable compound fertilizers combined with biochar could significantly increase the construction of high-yield rice population, rice nitrogen absorption and translocation, and nitrogen use efficiency under AWD irrigation condition, and also reduce the nitrogen leaching loss in paddy soil.

Key words: alternate wet and dry irrigation, control-released/stable compound fertilizers, nitrogen absorption and utilization, nitrogen transformation, yield, rice

曹小闯,吴龙龙,朱春权,朱练峰,孔亚丽,陆若辉,孔海民,胡兆平,戴锋,张均华,金千瑜. 不同灌溉和施肥模式对水稻产量、氮利用和稻田氮转化特征的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(7): 1482-1498.

CAO XiaoChuang,WU LongLong,ZHU ChunQuan,ZHU LianFeng,KONG YaLi,LU RuoHui,KONG HaiMin,HU ZhaoPing,DAI Feng,ZHANG JunHua,JIN QianYu. Effects of Different Irrigation and Nitrogen Application Regimes on the Yield, Nitrogen Utilization of Rice and Nitrogen Transformation in Paddy Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(7): 1482-1498.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.013

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2021/V54/I7/1482

图/表 8

表1

图1

表2

水稻主要生育期群体各器官氮积累量及比例"

生育期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment		茎鞘Stem-sheath		叶片Leaf		穗Panicle		氮积累总量 Total nitrogen accumulation
生育期 Growth stage	氮肥类型 N	灌溉模式 W	氮积累量 Nitrogen accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio (%)	氮积累量 Nitrogen accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio (%)	氮积累量 Nitrogen accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio (%)	氮积累总量 Total nitrogen accumulation
分蘖盛期 Tillering	N₀	FI	35.0g	41.5ab	49.2e	58.5de	—	—	84.2gh
	N₀	AWD	41.3e	37.9cde	67.8b	62.1abc	—	—	109.0d
	PUN₁₀₀	FI	45.3d	39.8bc	68.6b	60.2cd	—	—	113.7c
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	34.1g	37.4e	57.0c	62.6a	—	—	91.0f
	PUN₈₀	FI	30.5h	37.6de	50.5d	62.4ab	—	—	80.9h
	PUN₈₀	AWD	31.4h	36.8e	54.0de	63.2a	—	—	85.3g
	CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	38.8f	40.7b	56.9c	59.3d	—	—	95.6e
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	51.3b	38.0cde	83.7a	62.0abc	—	—	135.0b
	SFN₈₀-BC	FI	49.0c	42.8a	65.4b	57.2e	—	—	114.4c
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	56.2a	39.6bcd	85.7a	60.4bcd	—	—	141.8a
	F 值 F value	W	106.1**	37.2**	184.0**	37.2**	—	—	303.4**
		N	555.0**	10.0**	95.2**	10.0**	—	—	336.4**
		W×N	171.9**	1.3ns	66.3**	1.3ns	—	—	167.2**
齐穗期 Heading	N₀	FI	37.2f	39.0e	40.9h	42.9bc	17.3e	18.1a	95.2i
	N₀	AWD	51.5e	39.8e	53.8g	41.6cd	24.1bcd	18.6a	129.3h
	PUN₁₀₀	FI	89.1b	43.7cd	90.3c	44.3ab	24.5bc	12.0cd	203.9cd
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	82.7c	43.4cd	82.6d	43.3bc	25.3b	13.3b	190.6d
	PUN₈₀	FI	66.7d	44.8bc	64.4f	43.2bc	17.8e	12.0cd	148.8g
	PUN₈₀	AWD	84.8c	51.7a	60.7f	37.0e	18.6e	11.3d	164.0f
	CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	82.7c	46.9b	71.2e	40.4d	22.3d	12.6bc	176.1e
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	92.9b	42.5cd	99.7b	45.8a	25.6b	11.7d	218.2bc
	SFN₈₀-BC	FI	92.4b	47.1b	81.2d	41.4cd	22.5cd	11.5d	196.0d
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	98.3a	42.2d	104.0a	44.6ab	30.9a	13.2b	233.1a
	F 值 F value	W	59.4**	0.6ns	142.6**	0.1ns	96.0**	5.3*	372.4**
		N	266.7**	32.9**	377.8**	8.0**	54.7**	210.8**	960.3**
		W×N	133.5**	18.9**	64.9**	19.8**	14.4**	9.4**	72.5**
成熟期 Maturity	N₀	FI	59.0a	30.9a	19.5d	10.2f	112.3g	58.9g	190.7g
	N₀	AWD	46.7d	25.3b	16.8e	9.1g	121.8f	65.7cde	185.3g
	PUN₁₀₀	FI	57.1ab	22.5c	38.6a	15.2a	157.7de	62.3f	253.2cd
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	55.7b	20.8d	37.7a	14.1bc	174.6ab	65.1de	268.0a
	PUN₈₀	FI	43.3e	19.2e	30.2bc	13.4cd	151.8e	67.4ab	225.1f
	PUN₈₀	AWD	49.2c	20.9d	27.6c	11.7e	158.2de	67.3ab	234.9e
	CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	49.7c	20.2de	31.5b	15.3a	165.0cd	67.0e	246.2d
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	51.6c	20.4de	38.9a	12.8d	162.6cd	64.3abc	253.0cd
	SFN₈₀-BC	FI	49.1c	19.0e	39.0a	15.1ab	170.1bc	65.9bcd	258.2bc
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	43.8e	16.7f	39.2a	15.0ab	179.2a	68.3a	262.1ab
	F 值 F value	W	19.9**	31.4**	0.3ns	1.8ns	23.8**	36.8**	11.2**
		N	59.4**	155.8**	180.5**	82.4**	155.3**	41.0**	233.4**
		W×N	38.5**	20.1**	10.3**	12.1**	3.7*	26.9**	3.6*

表2

表3

图2

表4

图3

表5

水稻氮累积转运、氮素利用率和稻田氮含量与产量及产量构成因子的相关系数"

指标 Index	有效穗 Effective panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight	颖花数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate	产量 Grain yield
分蘖期叶片氮累积 Leaf N accumulation at tillering stage	0.474**	-0.336	0.463**	0.024	0.684**
分蘖期茎鞘氮累积 Stem-sheath N accumulation at tillering stage	0.518**	-0.180	0.318	-0.139	0.631**
齐穗期叶片氮累积 Leaf N accumulation at heading stage	0.877**	-0.511**	0.645**	-0.447*	0.898**
齐穗期茎鞘氮累积 Stem-sheath N accumulation at heading stage	0.912**	-0.325	0.789**	-0.634**	0.897**
齐穗期穗氮累积 Panicle N accumulation at heading stage	0.542**	-0.521**	0.452*	0.005	0.718**
成熟期叶片氮累积 Leaf N accumulation at maturity stage	0.959**	-0.390*	0.577**	-0.685**	0.836**
成熟期茎鞘氮累积 Stem-sheath N accumulation at maturity stage	0.033	-0.138	-0.595**	0.066	-0.280
成熟期穗氮累积 Panicle N accumulation at maturity stage	0.892**	-0.354	0.801**	-0.669**	0.877**
叶片氮转运量 Leaf N translocation	0.733**	-0.534**	0.620**	-0.250	0.843**
叶片氮转运率 Efficiency of leaf N translocation	-0.211	-0.276	0.165	0.527**	0.114
茎鞘氮转运量 Stem-sheath N translocation	0.825**	-0.262	0.869**	-0.595**	0.889**
茎鞘氮转运率 Efficiency of stem-sheath N translocation	0.706**	-0.290	0.891**	-0.558**	0.790**
穗氮增加量 Panicle N translocation	0.868**	-0.279	0.786**	-0.738**	0.814**
转运氮贡献率 Contribution rate of N translocation	0.740**	-0.407*	0.802**	-0.391*	0.865**
叶片转运氮贡献率 Contribution rate of leaf N translocation	0.376*	-0.499**	0.346	0.121	0.557**
茎鞘转运氮贡献率 Contribution rate of stem-sheath N translocation	0.780**	-0.287	0.874**	-0.565**	0.854**
氮回收利用率 N recovery efficiency	0.836**	-0.221	0.369	0.155	0.844**
氮农学利用率 N agronomy efficiency	0.710**	-0.088	0.478*	-0.037	0.891**
氮偏生产力 N partial factor productivity	0.334	0.118	0.807**	0.112	0.742**
氮生理利用率 N physiological efficiency	0.288	0.075	0.401	-0.157	0.581**
成熟期稻田DTN DTN content in paddy soil at maturity stage	0.681**	0.477**	-0.028	0.649**	-0.364*
成熟期稻田NH₄⁺ NH₄⁺ content in paddy soil at maturity stage	-0.494**	-0.404*	0.443*	-0.546**	0.219
成熟期稻田NO₃^- NO₃^- content in paddy soil at maturity stage	0.472**	0.382*	0.255	0.314	-0.386*

表5

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年份 Y	处理 Treatment		有效穗 Effective panicle (×10⁴ hm^-2)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	穗粒数 Spikelet	结实率 Grain filling rate (%)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
年份 Y	氮肥类型 N	灌溉模式 W	有效穗 Effective panicle (×10⁴ hm^-2)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	穗粒数 Spikelet	结实率 Grain filling rate (%)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
2018	N₀	FI	15.9±0.1f	24.7±0.1a	139.1±1.1f	80.9±0.3b	6851±148h
	N₀	AWD	14.3±0.1g	24.4±0.1bc	154.3±2.9e	85.2±0.2a	7440±84g
	PUN₁₀₀	FI	21.4±0.3b	24.3±0.1c	155.4±1.8e	73.3±0.3d	8385±138e
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	21.9±0.1ab	23.9±0.1e	164.3±3.9cd	77.2±0.2c	9105±216c
	PUN₈₀	FI	18.0±0.1e	24.5±0.1bc	165.9±4.9cd	74.1±0.2d	7806±87f
		AWD	19.1±0.1d	24.6±0.1ab	171.7±4.3abc	77.0±0.4c	8301±138e
	CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	20.6±0.1c	24.5±0.1bc	168.2±2.7bcd	70.6±0.3e	8690±260de
		AWD	22.2±0.2a	24.1±0.1d	174.7±1.1ab	76.6±0.4c	9721±200b
	SFN₈₀-BC	FI	21.5±0.1b	24.7±0.1a	167.8±3.7bcd	70.8±0.4e	8810±109cd
		AWD	22.2±0.2a	24.3±0.1c	176.6±1.2a	76.6±0.4c	10056±115a
	F值 F value	W	17.8**	31.1**	39.9**	571.7**	82.9**
		N	637.3**	11.5**	45.3**	331.3**	77.9**
		W×N	28.5**	4.0*	1.3ns	9.6**	4.0*
2019	N₀	FI	15.3±0.1f	24.4±0.1a	130.0±1.8d	87.0±0.5b	6554±151h
	N₀	AWD	13.8±0.2g	24.2±0.1bc	147.6±1.3c	91.6±0.4a	7119±98g
	PUN₁₀₀	FI	20.6±0.3b	24.1±0.2bcd	146.6±1.6c	78.9±0.7d	8061±226e
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	20.8±0.1ab	23.6±0.1de	155.7±2.7b	83.0±0.4c	8927±188c
	PUN₈₀	FI	17.3±0.1e	24.3±0.1ab	155.8±2.2b	79.7±0.5d	7684±76g
	PUN₈₀	AWD	18.3±0.1d	24.4±0.1a	163.5±2.5a	82.8±0.3c	8136±227e
	CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	19.8±0.2c	24.3±0.1ab	157.2±1.2b	76.0±0.6e	8475±188d
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	21.3±0.1a	23.9±0.1cd	163.3±1.8a	82.4±0.8c	9492±151b
	SFN₈₀-BC	FI	20.8±0.1ab	24.5±0.1a	156.9±1.2b	76.2±0.8e	8739±76cd
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	21.3±0.1a	24.1±0.1bcd	165.0±2.0a	82.4±0.7c	9907±188a
	F值 F value	W	11.0**	33.0**	202.0**	574.7**	186.0**
		N	560.7**	12.9**	153.3**	336.1**	216.0**
		W×N	23.8**	3.8*	8.8**	9.5**	5.1**
F值 F value	Y		1.2ns	10.5**	11.9**	21.8**	0.7ns
	W×Y		0.4ns	0.04ns	0.2ns	1.2ns	0.04ns
	N×Y		0.8ns	0.04ns	0.7ns	0.8ns	0.47ns
	W×N×Y		0.2ns	0.08ns	0.1ns	0.02ns	0.14ns

处理 Treatment		茎鞘 Stem-sheath		叶片 Leaf		穗 Panicle
氮肥类型 N	灌溉模式 W	氮转运量 Nitrogen translocation (kg·hm^-2)	氮转运率 Efficiency of nitrogen translocation (%)	氮转运量 Nitrogen translocation (kg·hm^-2)	氮转运率 Efficiency of nitrogen translocation (%)	氮增加量 Nitrogen increment (kg·hm^-2)	转运氮贡献率 Contribution rate of nitrogen translocation (%)	叶转运氮贡献率 Contribution rate of leaf nitrogen translocation (%)	茎鞘转运氮贡献率 Contribution rate of stem-sheath nitrogen translocation (%)
N₀	FI	-21.8h	-58.7h	21.4g	52.2d	95.2d	-0.5g	22.4f	-23.0h
N₀	AWD	4.8g	9.2g	36.9ef	68.7a	98.1d	42.8f	37.8b	4.9g
PUN₁₀₀	FI	32.0de	35.9def	51.8b	57.3c	133.4c	62.9c	38.9b	24.0cd
PUN₁₀₀	AWD	27.0ef	32.6f	44.9c	54.2cd	149.3a	48.2e	30.0c	18.1ef
PUN₈₀	FI	23.4f	34.9ef	34.3f	53.2d	133.7c	43.0f	25.6de	17.4f
PUN₈₀	AWD	35.5cd	41.9bcd	33.2f	54.6cd	139.5bc	49.2e	23.7ef	25.5bcd
CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	33.0de	39.8de	39.8de	55.8cd	143.1ab	51.0e	27.8cd	23.2de
CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	41.4bc	44.1bc	60.9a	61.0b	137.2bc	74.8b	44.3a	30.5b
SFN₈₀-BC	FI	43.3b	46.8b	42.3cd	52.1d	147.7a	57.9d	28.6c	29.3bc
SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	54.5a	55.4a	64.8a	62.3b	148.5a	80.6a	43.8a	36.8a
F值 F value	W	66.2*	173.4**	111.4**	64.2**	6.9*	246.0**	153.8**	65.7**
	N	215.6**	443.8**	100.3**	8.8**	156.5**	263.5**	56.9**	170.8**
	W×N	14.6**	100.9**	38.3**	20.5**	5.9**	88.2**	81.6**	23.7**

处理Treatment		氮回收利用率 Nitrogen recovery efficiency (%)	氮农学利用率 Nitrogen agronomy efficiency (kg·kg^-1)	氮生理利用率 Nitrogen physiological efficiency (kg·kg^-1)	氮偏生产力 Nitrogen partial factor productivity (kg·kg^-1)
氮肥类型 N	灌溉模式 W	氮回收利用率 Nitrogen recovery efficiency (%)	氮农学利用率 Nitrogen agronomy efficiency (kg·kg^-1)	氮生理利用率 Nitrogen physiological efficiency (kg·kg^-1)	氮偏生产力 Nitrogen partial factor productivity (kg·kg^-1)
N₀	FI	—	—	—	—
N₀	AWD	—	—	—	—
PUN₁₀₀	FI	37.8±0.8cd	8.4±0.7de	22.6±3.1c	44.8±0.7f
PUN₁₀₀	AWD	42.6±0.2bc	10.0±0.6d	23.5±1.3c	49.6±0.6e
PUN₈₀	FI	23.9±1.4e	7.8±0.3e	33.3±3.2b	53.4±0.3d
PUN₈₀	AWD	34.5±1.2d	7.1±0.9e	20.8±3.4c	56.5±0.9c
CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	38.6±2.4cd	13.3±0.8c	34.6±0.2ab	58.9±0.8c
CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	47.0±0.5b	16.5±0.6b	35.0±1.3ab	65.9±0.6b
SFN₈₀-BC	FI	46.9±2.3b	15.2±0.3bc	32.5±0.9b	60.7±0.3b
SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	53.6±3.1a	19.4±0.8a	42.2±3.9a	68.8±0.8a
F值 F value	W	33.4**	19.4**	154.0**	0.04ns
	N	43.6**	99.8**	292.1**	14.0**
	W×N	0.9ns	5.3*	5.8**	6.6**

不同灌溉和施肥模式对水稻产量、氮利用和稻田氮转化特征的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation and Nitrogen Application Regimes on the Yield, Nitrogen Utilization of Rice and Nitrogen Transformation in Paddy Soil

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