不同氮吸收效率水稻品种的苗期铵吸收特性及生长差异分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】测定不同氮吸收效率品种对外界NH₄ ⁺浓度的响应,解释水稻品种间氮吸收差异的机理。【方法】采用水培法栽培氮吸收高效的水稻品种齐粒丝苗（QL）和氮吸收低效的品种沪科3号（HK）,通过分析水稻幼苗在0—0.80 mmol·L ^-1低铵浓度和1.00—12.96 mmol·L ^-1高铵浓度下的铵吸收速率,计算铵吸收动力学参数V_max和K_m值,比较不同氮吸收效率水稻品种的苗期铵吸收特性;通过比较不同NH₄ ⁺浓度下的水稻苗期株高、分蘖数、叶绿素含量、以及地上和地下部的干物质和氮素积累量,用根系扫描法分析根系形态,包括总根长、根体积、根表面积、平均直径、根尖数等,用非损伤性扫描离子选择电极技术（scanning ion-selective electrode technique,SIET）测量根分生区和伸长区NH₄ ⁺的跨细胞膜运输,用液相氧电极系统分析根系氧损耗,研究不同氮吸收效率水稻品种的苗期生长差异。【结果】（1）在0—0.8 mmol·L ^-1低铵浓度下,2个水稻品种QL和HK幼苗对NH₄ ⁺的吸收符合Michaelich-Menten方程,氮吸收高效品种QL的吸收动力学参数V_max为氮吸收低效品种HK的1.66倍;当NH₄ ⁺的浓度大于1 mmol·L ^-1 时,水稻幼苗对NH₄ ⁺的吸收均随着外界NH₄ ⁺浓度的增加而增大,但同一NH₄ ⁺浓度下,氮吸收高效品种QL对NH₄ ⁺的吸收速率大于氮吸收低效品种HK;（2）水稻根系分生区在外界不同NH₄ ⁺浓度下均表现为NH₄ ⁺的跨细胞膜净流入,且NH₄ ⁺净流入速率随着外界NH₄ ⁺浓度的升高而增加,氮吸收高效品种QL在低铵（LN）、中铵（MN）和高铵（HN）处理下根系分生区NH₄ ⁺净流入速率分别比氮吸收低效品种HK高42.0%、71.8%和63.6%;根系伸长区NH₄ ⁺的跨细胞膜流通品种间存在差异,氮吸收低效品种HK在LN和HN下均出现NH₄ ⁺跨细胞膜净输出,而氮吸收高效的品种QL仅在HN下出现NH₄ ⁺跨细胞膜净输出,且净输出速率比氮吸收低效的HK低34.30%。（3）在LN和MN浓度下,氮吸收高效品种QL的苗期形态和物质积累并不占优势;适量增铵可以增加水稻的株高、分蘖、叶绿素含量、干物质和氮素积累量,但过高的外界铵浓度对水稻生长特别是根系生长有抑制作用;HN下,氮吸收高效的品种QL显示出一定的生长优势,播种后10–20 d的分蘖增加速率和干物质增加速率分别比氮吸收低效的品种HK高65.7%和31.4%;虽然品种QL的根系氮浓度比品种HK低15.1%,但其地上部氮积累量比HK高23.5%,说明QL比HK能更快地将根系吸收的氮转运至地上部供其生长所需。【结论】与氮吸收低效品种相比,氮吸收高效品种根系细胞膜上有更多的NH₄ ⁺运输载体,根系吸收的NH₄ ⁺同化、转运速度快,苗期分蘖速率和干物重积累速率大。

关键词: 水稻, 氮吸收效率, 铵吸收, NH₄ ⁺流通, 苗期形态

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to determine the response of different N recovery efficiency (NRE) varieties to external NH₄ ⁺concentration, and to explain the mechanism of N uptake difference among rice varieties.【Method】A high-NRE (QL) and a low-NRE (HK) rice variety were cultivated hydroponically at different NH₄ ⁺concentrations, and the varietal difference of NH₄ ⁺ absorption at seedling stage were compared by analysis of the root NH₄ ⁺ absorption rate at the low NH₄ ⁺ concentration of 0-0.80 mmol·L ^-1 and the high NH₄ ⁺ concentration of 1.00-12.96 mmol·L ^-1, and by calculating the NH₄ ⁺ absorption kinetics parameter V_max and K_m; The difference of seedling growth between varieties were analyzed by comparing the plant height, tiller number, chlorophyll content, dry matter and N accumulation of aboveground and underground part of rice seedlings growing in different NH₄ ⁺concentrations, root morphology including total root length, root volume, root surface area, average root diameter, and root tip number were analyzed using the root scanning instrument; The root net fluxes of NH₄ ⁺ were measured non-invasively using SIET (scanning ion-selective electrode technique), root respiration was measured using a Hansatech oxygen electrode and an oxygraph control system.【Result】(1) In the low NH₄ ⁺ concentration range of 0-0.8 mmol·L ^-1, the uptake of NH₄ ⁺ by QL and HK seedlings stage were in accordance with Michaelich-Menten equation, and the V_max of high-NRE variety QL was 1.66 times higher than that of low-NRE variety HK. In the NH₄ ⁺ concentration higher than 1 mmol·L ^-1, the uptake of NH₄ ⁺ by rice seedlings kept increasing with the increase of NH₄ ⁺concentration, and the uptake rate of NH₄ ⁺ by QL was greater than that of HK at the same NH₄ ⁺level. (2) The root meristematic zone of both varieties showed a net NH₄ ⁺influx, while it increased with the increase of NH₄ ⁺ concentration, and the high-NRE variety QL had greater value than low-NRE variety HK by 42.0%, 71.8% and 63.6% at LN, MN and HN, respectively; The net NH₄ ⁺efflux in the root elongation zone was showed at LN and HN in the low-NRE variety HK, while it was only showed at HN in the high-NRE variety QL, and 34.30% lower than variety HK. (3) Although an appropriate increase of NH₄ ⁺ could increase the plant height, tiller number, leaf chlorophyll content, dry matter and N accumulations, while HN inhibited plant growth, especially root growth. The growth of high-NRE variety QL did not show an advantage compared with low-NRE variety HK in the treatment of LN and MN, however, QL had greater tillering rate and dry matter accumulation rate by 65.7% and 31.4% compared with HK during 10-20 days after seeding in HN, respectively. Although the N concentration of root of variety QL was 15.1% lower than that of variety HK, it’s aboveground N accumulation was 23.5% greater, which indicated that QL was more efficient than HK in transporting the N absorbed by roots to the aboveground. 【Conclusion】 It was concluded that compared with the low-NRE variety, the high-NRE variety had more NH₄ ⁺ transport carriers on the cell membrane of the root system, and the NH₄ ⁺ absorbed by the root system had a fast assimilation and transport speed, as well as a high tiller rate and dry matter accumulation rate in the seedling stage.

Key words: rice, N absorption efficiency, ammonium absorption, NH₄ ⁺ circulation, seedling morphology

黄秀,叶昌,燕金香,李福明,褚光,徐春梅,陈松,章秀福,王丹英. 不同氮吸收效率水稻品种的苗期铵吸收特性及生长差异分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(7): 1455-1468.

HUANG Xiu,YE Chang,YAN JinXiang,LI FuMing,CHU Guang,XU ChunMei,CHEN Song,ZHANG XiuFu,WANG DanYing. Analysis of Ammonium Uptake and Growth Differences of Rice Varieties with Different Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency at Seedling Stage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(7): 1455-1468.

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品种 Variety	拟合曲线 Matched curve	V_max	K_m	R²
HK	y=0.0272x+0.0982	10.18	0.277	0.984**
QL	y=0.0256x+0.0591	16.92	0.433	0.995**