基于多组学解析谷子后熟米色变化的分子机制

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.09.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明谷子后熟期间小米淀粉、类胡萝卜素含量的变化特征，阐明该现象发生的分子机制，以期拓展谷子中类胡萝卜素代谢的新认知，为谷子米色稳定、小米深加工及贮藏提供理论依据。【方法】对10个谷子品种收获后贮藏0、30、60和90 d的小米类胡萝卜素与淀粉含量分别进行测定；利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察代表性材料在4个贮藏阶段的淀粉粒的变化；利用转录组和蛋白质组分析该材料在贮藏不同阶段中与淀粉和类胡萝卜素代谢途径相关基因和蛋白的变化。【结果】 10个谷子品种后熟0—60 d，小米类胡萝卜素含量主要呈上升趋势，后熟90 d时开始下降，但高于0 d。淀粉含量在后熟30 d后呈上升趋势，之后整体呈下降趋势。显微镜观察发现，谷子在后熟30 d后，小米淀粉粒中类胡萝卜素荧光逐渐增多，淀粉体有向有色体转化趋势。转录组和蛋白质组联合分析得到1 344个DEGs和224个DEPs，主要富集在淀粉降解及类胡萝卜素合成代谢等途径，并构建了代谢网络调控图。【结论】谷子后熟期间存在小米类胡萝卜素含量增加、淀粉含量减少的现象。推测淀粉降解导致丙酮酸含量升高，进入质体MEP途径促进类胡萝卜素合成，至谷子后熟末期，其下游脱落酸合成受到抑制，导致β-类胡萝卜素和玉米黄素等物质积累，进而影响米色变化。

关键词: 谷子, 后熟, 米色, 淀粉, 类胡萝卜素, 转录组学, 蛋白质组学

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of the study is to investigate the variation characteristics of starch and carotenoid content in grains of the foxtail millet during post-harvest maturation, and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon. The study will expand new insights into carotenoid metabolism in grains, thereby providing theoretical support for the stabilization of millet color, deep processing of millet, and storage. 【Method】 The carotenoid and starch content in grains from ten varieties of foxtail millet were measured after storage for 0, 30, 60, and 90 days, respectively. Changes in starch granules of representative materials during the four storage stages were observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Transcriptome and proteome analyses were conducted to investigate differential genes and proteins related to starch and carotenoid metabolic pathways at different storage stages for the same material. 【Result】 Among the 10 foxtail millet varieties, the carotenoid content in the millet mainly showed an upward trend from 0 to 60 days of post-harvest maturation and began to decline after 90 days, but remained higher than that of 0 days. The starch content showed an upward trend after 30 days of post-harvest maturation and then declined overall. Microscopic observation revealed a gradual increase in carotenoid fluorescence in millet starch granules after 30 days of post-harvest maturation, with a tendency for starch plastids to convert into chromoplasts. Furthermore, the transcriptome and proteome analyses identified 1 344 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 224 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), which were mainly enriched in starch degradation and carotenoid synthesis pathways. A metabolic network regulation was also constructed.【Conclusion】 During of post-harvest maturation of the foxtail millet, there is an increase trend in the carotenoid content and a decrease trend in the starch content of the millet. It is speculated that starch degradation leads to an increase in pyruvate content, which enters the plastid methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway to promote carotenoid synthesis. Towards the end of post-harvest maturation of the foxtail millet, the downstream synthesis of abscisic acid is inhibited, resulting in the accumulation of substances such as beta-carotene and zeaxanthin, which subsequently affect changes in the millet color.

Key words: foxtail millet, post-harvest maturation, millet color, starch, carotenoids, transcriptomics, proteomics

张义茹, 韩雪, 姚鑫杰, 冯军, 魏爱丽, 李文超, 张彬, 韩渊怀, 李红英. 基于多组学解析谷子后熟米色变化的分子机制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(9): 1702-1718.

ZHANG YiRu, HAN Xue, YAO XinJie, FENG Jun, WEI AiLi, LI WenChao, ZHANG Bin, HAN YuanHuai, LI HongYing. Integrated Multi-Omics Elucidates the Pigmentation Dynamics During Post-Harvest Maturation in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(9): 1702-1718.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.09.003

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2025/V58/I9/1702

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基因ID Gene ID	正向引物Forward primer (5′-3′)	反向引物Reverse primer (5′-3′)
Seita.6G181400	GCTACGCCTACATCCTAACCC	CCGATCTTCGTGATGACTTTGT
Seita.6G181600	TACAACAGCCTCAATGCCCA	GTAACCTTGGGGTGAGACGG
Seita.1G331000	ACAAGGTCATGCAGGGCTAC	AGGCCCCAGTCGAAGAAATG
Seita.9G229700	GTACTACAACACCCGGCACC	CATCTCGACGCAGGTGAAGT
Seita.4G263300	CAGTACACCCAGCTCATCGG	AGCAACGTTCTTGTACCCGT
Seita.5G134800	TTCTGTTCATCCCATCTTCCTG	CCCTCCTTACAATTTCGCCTA
Seita.8G083400	GCCAAGGATGAACGGAACCT	GAGCTCCATGTTCTCCCCAC
Seita.3G059500	CGTCGCACTCAGGAAAGTGT	GGCAGAACCGTCGAGCTTAT
Seita.9G239800	TGGAGAAGTGGTTGTGGTGC	TCAAGAGCGAAAGTGCATGG
Seita.4G108300	CCGGTCATATTGGTCTGCGA	TAAGCTGGGCTCTTGGATGC
actin	TGCTCAGTGGAGGCTCAACA	CCAGACACTGTACTTGCGCTC

样品 Sample	原始数据 Raw reads	高质量数据 Clean reads	总比对率 Total mapped (%)	过滤后数据 Clean bases (G)	Q20 (%)	Q30 (%)	GC (%)
0d-1	58375418	55633756	97.22	8.35	98.33	95.17	57.54
0d-2	58769864	55823920	97.21	8.37	98.48	95.64	57.53
0d-3	56265292	53767766	97.19	8.07	98.41	95.40	57.68
90d-1	53164314	51169888	96.36	7.68	98.08	94.82	56.38
90d-2	53275414	50375952	96.26	7.56	98.37	95.33	56.72
90d-3	44176254	41831696	96.36	6.27	98.30	95.17	57.02