中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (21): 4399-4414.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.21.009
董荷荷(),骆永丽,李文倩,王元元,张秋霞,陈金,金敏,李勇,王振林
收稿日期:
2020-05-14
接受日期:
2020-07-29
出版日期:
2020-11-01
发布日期:
2020-11-11
作者简介:
董荷荷,E-mail:基金资助:
DONG HeHe(),LUO YongLi,LI WenQian,WANG YuanYuan,ZHANG QiuXia,CHEN Jin,JIN Min,LI Yong,WANG ZhenLin
Received:
2020-05-14
Accepted:
2020-07-29
Online:
2020-11-01
Published:
2020-11-11
摘要:
【目的】 探讨春季不同追氮模式对小麦各节间茎秆抗倒伏能力、木质素积累及籽粒产量的影响,明确高施氮量条件下适宜的春季追氮模式,为小麦高产稳产抗逆应变栽培提供技术支撑。【方法】 于2017—2018和2018—2019年2个小麦生长季,以倒伏敏感型品种山农16和抗倒伏品种济麦22为供试材料,在高施氮量300 kg·hm-2基施1/3条件下设置4种春季追肥模式,分别为等量二次性追氮和剩余一次性追氮,即起身期﹕孕穗期1/3﹕1/3(T1),拔节期﹕开花期1/3﹕1/3(T2),孕穗期一次性追施剩余2/3氮(T3)和拔节期一次性追施剩余2/3氮(CK)。深入研究春季不同追氮模式对冬小麦植株茎秆抗折力、木质素积累、木质素合成关键酶基因的表达丰度及籽粒产量的调控效应。【结果】 抗倒伏品种济麦22的各节间茎秆抗折力、木质素积累量以及单体含量均高于倒伏敏感型品种山农16,2种类型品种开花期T1、CK处理的抗折力高于T2和T3处理,木质素积累量、单体的含量表现为T1>T3>CK>T2,灌浆期和成熟期各处理间抗折力、木质素积累量以及单体的含量表现为T1>T3>T2>CK。灌浆期山农16和济麦22在T1处理下抗折力较CK、T2、T3处理分别增加24.69%、19.97%、13.15%和26.92%、15.36%、5.87%;山农16和济麦22在T1处理下的各生育阶段木质素积累量平均值分别较CK、T2、T3处理提高了21.71%、15.45%、8.85%和25.19%、21.75%、15.83%;成熟期2个品种T1处理的木质素S型单体含量平均值分别较CK、T2、T3处理高18.82%、18.48%、8.39%。不同追氮模式处理的木质素合成相关酶基因(苯丙氨酸解氨酶:PAL、咖啡酸3氧甲基转移酶:COMT、香豆酸-3-羟基氧化酶:C3H、肉桂酰辅酶 A 还原酶:CCR、肉桂酸4羟化酶:C4H等)表达均随生育进程呈下降趋势,其表达量高低依次为T1>T3>T2>CK。孕穗期追氮处理模式的千粒重高于其他处理,因T1处理可提高穗粒数以及群体有效穗数,其最终籽粒产量较高。同一时期相同处理各节间茎秆木质素积累量、单体含量均呈现为I1>I2>I3>I4>I5的趋势。【结论】 高施氮量300 kg·hm-2基施1/3条件下起身与孕穗期等量二次性追氮模式较其他春季追氮模式处理显著提高了小麦开花后茎秆各节间抗折能力、木质素积累量、木质素合成途径相关酶基因的表达以及籽粒产量。因此,起身与孕穗期等量二次性追氮模式可作为黄淮海麦区高施氮量300 kg·hm-2基施1/3条件下的春季适宜追氮模式。
董荷荷, 骆永丽, 李文倩, 王元元, 张秋霞, 陈金, 金敏, 李勇, 王振林. 不同春季追氮模式对小麦茎秆抗倒性能及木质素积累的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(21): 4399-4414.
DONG HeHe, LUO YongLi, LI WenQian, WANG YuanYuan, ZHANG QiuXia, CHEN Jin, JIN Min, LI Yong, WANG ZhenLin. Effects of Different Spring Nitrogen Topdressing Modes on Lodging Resistance and Lignin Accumulation of Winter Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(21): 4399-4414.
表1
木质素合成途径中关键基因引物及探针的序列"
名称 | 序列-F (5′-3′) | 序列-R (5′-3′) |
---|---|---|
ACTIN | GGGACCTCACGGATAATCTAATG | CGTAAGCGAGCTTCTCCTTTAT |
PAL | CATCTTGGAGGGAAGCTCATAC | GACTTGGTGGCAAATCGAATAAC |
C4H | GCCGAGAGCAAGATCCTCGT | CGTGCTTCTCCTCCTCCAGG |
HCT | TGTCAGCATTGCTCCGTGGA | CCAGGAGCCATGAACACCGG |
C3H | CCCATCCTCGGCATCACCAT | CGCCCTTCTCAGTCGTGTCA |
CCR | CGTGATGGTGCTGAAGAAAC | CGATCATCGAAGCCGATACA |
CAD | GAGGTCGTCAAGATGGAC | CTAGCTCTTTCTCCCTCTG |
4CL | TGCACACTGGAGACATTGGC | TTCGAGTTCCGCAGGAGGTA |
F5H | AGCTCCCCTCTCTCAAGTGC | GACACAGTCCTCGGCGTTCT |
COMT | GATCCATGACAACGAGTCTACC | CGAATCAATCGACGACACAAAC |
CSE | GCCAGCAAGGACAAGACCATCA | GCTGAGCCAGGCGAGGATGT |
表2
不同春季追氮模式对不同抗倒伏型小麦品种各节间抗折力的影响"
年份 Year | 节间 Internode | 处理 Treatment | SN16 | JM22 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
开花期 Anthesis stage | 灌浆期 Filling stage | 成熟期 Maturity stage | 开花期 Anthesis stage | 灌浆期 Filling stage | 成熟期 Maturity stage | |||
2017-2018 | I1 | CK | 5.99ab | 6.65c | 3.82bcd | 7.54a | 7.79cd | 4.36ef |
T1 | 5.92bc | 7.75a | 4.76a | 7.52a | 9.38a | 5.38a | ||
T2 | 4.85ef | 7.03bc | 4.00bc | 6.83b | 8.05cd | 4.74de | ||
T3 | 5.24de | 7.28ab | 4.83a | 5.89d | 8.62b | 4.83bcd | ||
I2 | CK | 6.47a | 5.59ef | 3.64cd | 7.17ab | 6.39fg | 4.20fg | |
T1 | 5.62bcd | 6.97bc | 4.80a | 7.03b | 8.11c | 5.26ab | ||
T2 | 4.97e | 5.81de | 3.95bc | 6.29c | 7.03e | 4.77de | ||
T3 | 5.48cd | 6.16d | 4.06b | 5.78de | 7.66d | 4.78cd | ||
I3 | CK | 5.19de | 4.61g | 3.15fg | 5.47efg | 5.83hi | 4.04fgh | |
T1 | 4.42fg | 5.72def | 4.12b | 5.75de | 6.60f | 4.61de | ||
T2 | 4.40fg | 4.68g | 3.18fg | 5.27fg | 6.23fgh | 3.82hij | ||
T3 | 3.76ij | 5.49ef | 3.50def | 4.22j | 6.49f | 5.22abc | ||
I4 | CK | 4.08ghi | 4.02ij | 2.70hij | 5.54def | 4.55k | 3.26kl | |
T1 | 4.35fgh | 5.31f | 3.55de | 5.45efg | 5.98ghi | 4.82bcd | ||
T2 | 3.89hi | 4.52gh | 2.93ghi | 5.07gh | 5.63ij | 3.97gh | ||
T3 | 3.35jk | 5.30f | 3.20efg | 4.71hi | 5.33j | 3.92ghi | ||
I5 | CK | 3.20kl | 3.46k | 1.84k | 4.33ij | 3.48l | 2.68m | |
T1 | 3.40jk | 4.47ghi | 2.97gh | 4.68hi | 4.60k | 3.53jk | ||
T2 | 2.54m | 3.74jk | 2.47j | 4.08jk | 4.38k | 3.04lm | ||
T3 | 2.73lm | 4.09hij | 2.59ij | 3.61k | 4.35k | 3.56ijk | ||
2018-2019 | I1 | CK | 6.46a | 6.93cd | 3.92cde | 8.07a | 7.70bc | 4.25de |
T1 | 6.48a | 7.94a | 4.99a | 7.80a | 8.54a | 5.31a | ||
T2 | 5.36bc | 7.31bc | 4.28bc | 6.85b | 8.07ab | 4.89b | ||
T3 | 5.76b | 7.78ab | 4.49ab | 6.64bc | 8.20ab | 4.84b | ||
I2 | CK | 5.05cd | 5.62ef | 3.36fgh | 5.58e | 6.65d | 4.13de | |
T1 | 5.45bc | 6.67d | 4.74ab | 5.69e | 8.16ab | 4.75bc | ||
T2 | 4.80de | 5.87e | 3.93cde | 5.04f | 7.39c | 3.86e | ||
T3 | 4.29efghi | 6.97cd | 3.97cde | 4.40gh | 7.33c | 4.33d | ||
I3 | CK | 4.44efg | 4.75gh | 2.91hi | 5.62e | 5.45gh | 3.88e | |
T1 | 4.64def | 5.55ef | 4.28bcd | 5.55e | 6.52de | 4.76bc | ||
T2 | 3.79ijk | 5.15fg | 3.60efg | 4.48gh | 6.07ef | 3.94de | ||
T3 | 4.11ghi | 5.20fg | 3.68ef | 5.06f | 6.12ef | 4.36cd | ||
I4 | CK | 4.06ghi | 4.04ij | 2.28j | 5.82de | 4.65ij | 3.30gh | |
T1 | 4.35efgh | 5.68ef | 3.77def | 6.22cd | 6.19def | 3.82ef | ||
T2 | 3.55jk | 4.35hi | 3.15hi | 5.66e | 5.45gh | 3.33fgh | ||
T3 | 3.51k | 5.45ef | 2.93gh | 4.75fg | 5.89fg | 3.86e | ||
I5 | CK | 3.92hij | 4.04ij | 1.24k | 4.63fg | 4.07k | 3.07gh | |
T1 | 4.22fghi | 4.57h | 3.13gh | 4.71fg | 5.13hi | 3.33gh | ||
T2 | 3.40k | 3.62j | 3.05h | 3.59i | 4.45jk | 2.95h | ||
T3 | 2.58l | 4.49hi | 2.39ij | 4.09hi | 5.05hi | 3.41fg |
表3
抗折力与木质素积累的相关分析"
年份 Year | 生育时期 Growth stage | 木质素积累量 Lignin accumulation | 木质素单体含量 Lignin monomer content | |
---|---|---|---|---|
S型 | S型+G型 | |||
2017-2018 | 开花期Anthesis stage | 0.82** | 0.61** | 0.68** |
灌浆期Filling stage | 0.93** | 0.63** | 0.61** | |
成熟期Maturity stage | 0.90** | 0.90** | 0.84** | |
2018-2019 | 开花期Anthesis stage | 0.75** | 0.74** | 0.71** |
灌浆期Filling stage | 0.91** | 0.82** | 0.70** | |
成熟期Maturity stage | 0.85** | 0.70** | 0.66** |
表4
不同春季追氮模式对不同抗倒伏能力小麦籽粒产量的影响"
年份 Year | 品种 Cultivar | 处理 Treatment | 穗数 Spike number (×104·hm-2) | 穗粒数 Grain number per spikes | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017-2018 | SN16 | CK | 662ab | 37.11ab | 40.89b | 7833.4c |
TI | 688a | 38.46a | 42.08ab | 8387.1a | ||
T2 | 652ab | 35.47b | 41.26b | 8066.3b | ||
T3 | 628b | 38.07ab | 44.89a | 7997.3bc | ||
JM22 | CK | 691a | 36.10a | 41.78c | 8336.8bc | |
TI | 710a | 37.79a | 45.02ab | 9136.4a | ||
T2 | 678a | 35.47a | 43.82bc | 8602.8b | ||
T3 | 659a | 35.88a | 45.67a | 8107.8c | ||
2018-2019 | SN16 | CK | 719b | 39.35a | 44.30b | 8035.0c |
TI | 756a | 39.60a | 45.39a | 8667.5a | ||
T2 | 690bc | 38.56a | 44.60b | 8273.9b | ||
T3 | 671c | 39.40a | 45.55a | 8168.4bc | ||
JM22 | CK | 747b | 42.45ab | 45.91b | 8630.6bc | |
TI | 775a | 42.73a | 46.92a | 9523.7a | ||
T2 | 716c | 37.79c | 46.06b | 8904.9b | ||
T3 | 694c | 40.26b | 46.86a | 8466.8c |
表5
茎秆抗倒伏指标与籽粒产量指标的相关分析(2018—2019)"
生育时期 Growth stage | 抗折力 Breaking strength | 木质素积累量 Lignin accumulation | 木质素单体含量Lignin monomer content | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S型 | G型 | S型+G型 | ||||
籽粒产量 Yield | 开花期Anthesis stage | 0.66 | 0.86** | 0.71* | 0.69* | 0.75* |
灌浆期Filling stage | 0.82** | 0.92** | 0.85** | 0.82** | 0.83** | |
成熟期Maturity stage | 0.69** | 0.91** | 0.81** | 0.75* | 0.77* |
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