山东夏玉米土壤干旱阈值研究与影响评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.21.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】确定山东夏玉米土壤水分的适宜阈值范围与干旱胁迫阈值,定量化评估不同程度干旱对夏玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响,从而为提高农业水资源利用效率,缓解干旱胁迫的不利影响等提供依据。【方法】基于水分控制试验结果,确定夏玉米苗期、穗期与花粒期的土壤水分适宜与不适宜阈值范围;以土壤相对湿度驱动WOFOST作物机理模型,明确无旱、轻旱、中旱与重旱的阈值指标;通过设置不同干旱程度与持续天数,完成定量化的干旱影响评价。【结果】（1）夏玉米苗期、穗期与花粒期的土壤水分适宜阈值范围分别为62%—91%、66%—92%与68%—94%,不适宜阈值范围分别为<62%、<66%及<68%;（2）苗期无旱、轻旱、中旱与重旱阈值指标分别为53%、50%、45%与40%,穗期各程度干旱阈值指标分别为58%、48%、43%与37%,花粒期各程度干旱阈值指标分别为57%、52%、49%与45%;（3）苗期干旱对夏玉米总叶重、总茎重与最大叶面积指数的影响最大,穗期与花粒期干旱对总穗重影响最大,其中穗期重旱将导致不能形成最终产量。【结论】确定了夏玉米不同发育期的土壤水分阈值指标,夏玉米穗期与花粒期干旱对于产量形成的影响更为显著。

关键词: 夏玉米, 干旱, 阈值, 土壤湿度

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was aimed to determine the suitable range and the drought stress thresholds of soil water on summer maize in Shandong Province, and to evaluate the effects of different drought degrees on growth and development and yield formation of summer maize quantitatively. So as to provide a basis for improving the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources and alleviating the adverse impacts of drought stress. 【Method】Based on the data from field experiments, the suitable and unsuitable ranges of soil moisture were determined for the seedling stage, ear stage and grain stage of summer maize. By the model of WOFOST, the drought stress thresholds were analyzed with the relative water content as the driving factor. And the drought effects were assessed quantitatively through different drought degrees and their duration days. 【Result】(1) The suitable ranges of soil water during seedling stage, ear stage and grain stage of summer maize were 62%-91%, 66%-92% and 68%-94%, respectively. And the unsuitable ranges were less than 62%, 66% and 68%, respectively. (2) The thresholds of no drought, light drought, medium drought and severe drought during seedling stage were 53%, 50%, 45% and 40%, respectively. The thresholds of different drought degrees during ear stage were 58%, 48%, 43% and 37%, respectively. The thresholds of different drought degrees during grain stage were 57%, 52%, 49% and 45%, respectively. (3) The drought happened during seedling stage had the greatest effects on the total leaf weight, total stem weight and maximum leaf area index. The drought happened during ear stage and grain stage had the greatest effects on the total ear weight. And the severe drought during ear stage would result in the failure of final yield formation. 【Conclusion】The suitable ranges of soil water and the drought thresholds of summer maize were brought to light in Shandong. The drought happened during ear stage and grain stage of summer maize had more significant impacts on yield formation.

Key words: summer maize, drought, thresholds, soil moisture

董智强,李曼华,李楠,薛晓萍,陈辰,张继波,赵红,侯英雨,潘志华. 山东夏玉米土壤干旱阈值研究与影响评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(21): 4376-4387.

DONG ZhiQiang,LI ManHua,LI Nan,XUE XiaoPing,CHEN Chen,ZHANG JiBo,ZHAO Hong,HOU YingYu,PAN ZhiHua. The Thresholds of Soil Drought and Its Impacts on Summer Maize in Shandong Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(21): 4376-4387.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.21.007

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2020/V53/I21/4376

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年份 Year	生育时期 Growth stage	处理Treatment
年份 Year	生育时期 Growth stage	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
2013	苗期Seedling stage	>60%	>60%	40%-60%	>60%	自然状态Natural state
	穗期Ear stage	>60%	>60%	>60%	>60%	自然状态Natural state
	花粒期Grain stage	≤40%	40%-60%	40%-60%	>60%	自然状态Natural state
2014	苗期Seedling stage	≤40%	40%-60%	40%-60%	60%-80%	>80%
	穗期Ear stage	>60%	>60%	40%-60%	60%-80%	>80%
	花粒期Grain stage	>60%	>60%	>60%	60%-80%	>80%
2015	苗期Seedling stage	>60%	>60%	>60%	60%-80%	>80%
	穗期Ear stage	≤40%	40%-60%	40%-60%	60%-80%	>80%
	花粒期Grain stage	>60%	>60%	40%-60%	60%-80%	>80%

生育时期 Growth stage	年份 Year	适宜 Suitable threshold	不适宜 Unsuitable threshold
苗期 Seedling stage	2013	62-93	<62
	2014	61-91	<61
	阈值范围 Threshold range	62-91	<62
穗期 Ear stage	2014	66-95	<66
	2015	64-92	<64
	阈值范围 Threshold range	66-92	<66
花粒期 Grain stage	2013	64-95	<64
	2015	68-94	<68
	阈值范围 Threshold range	68-94	<68

生育时期 Growth stage	干旱程度 Degree of drought	阈值指标 Threshold indexes
苗期 Seedling stage	无旱No drought	53
	轻旱Light drought	50
	中旱Medium drought	45
	重旱Severe drought	40
穗期 Ear stage	无旱No drought	58
	轻旱Light drought	48
	中旱Medium drought	43
	重旱Severe drought	37
花粒期 Grain stage	无旱No drought	57
	轻旱Light drought	52
	中旱Medium drought	49
	重旱Severe drought	45

生育时期 Growth period	日序区间 Interval of day of year
苗期Seedling stage	177-196
穗期Ear stage	214-233
花粒期Grain stage	243-262

干旱程度 Drought degree	干旱持续时间 Duration days of drought	TAGP	TWSO	TWLV	TWST	MAXLAI
轻旱 Light drought	3 d	-3.2	-2.9	-3.9	-3.7	-3.0
轻旱 Light drought	5 d	-3.7	-2.9	-5.7	-5.1	-4.4
	10 d	-4.5	-2.7	-8.6	-7.7	-6.9
	15 d	-6.1	-2.7	-13.8	-12.2	-11.3
	20 d	-8.5	-3.0	-20.7	-18.4	-17.6
中旱 Medium drought	3 d	-1.7	0.1	-5.7	-4.8	-3.9
中旱 Medium drought	5 d	-3.0	0.0	-9.6	-8.2	-7.2
	10 d	-5.9	-0.5	-17.7	-15.3	-14.5
	15 d	-10.4	-2.2	-28.5	-25.1	-24.7
	20 d	-17.0	-6.1	-40.8	-36.6	-37.1
重旱 Severe drought	3 d	-2.4	0.0	-7.8	-6.7	-5.5
重旱 Severe drought	5 d	-4.5	-0.2	-14.1	-12.1	-11.1
	10 d	-10.0	-1.9	-27.6	-24.3	-23.9
	15 d	-18.7	-7.2	-43.6	-39.2	-39.7
	20 d	-31.8	-18.8	-60.1	-55.3	-56.8