化学封顶对棉花株型的调控及评价指标筛选

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.20.005

中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (20): 4152-4163.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.20.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

化学封顶对棉花株型的调控及评价指标筛选

祝令晓¹(),刘连涛¹(),张永江¹,孙红春¹,张科¹,白志英¹,董合忠²,李存东¹()

¹河北农业大学农学院/省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/河北省作物生长调控重点实验室,河北保定 071000
²山东省农业科学院棉花研究中心,济南 250100

收稿日期:2020-01-08 接受日期:2020-07-06 出版日期:2020-10-16 发布日期:2020-10-26
通讯作者: 刘连涛,李存东
作者简介:祝令晓,E-mail: zlxhbnydx@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31871569);国家自然科学基金(31900623);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201900);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0100306);河北省农业技术现代体系(HBCT2018040201)

The Regulation and Evaluation Indexes Screening of Chemical Topping on Cotton’s Plant Architecture

ZHU LingXiao¹(),LIU LianTao¹(),ZHANG YongJiang¹,SUN HongChun¹,ZHANG Ke¹,BAI ZhiYing¹,DONG HeZhong²,LI CunDong¹()

¹College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei
²Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100

Received:2020-01-08 Accepted:2020-07-06 Online:2020-10-16 Published:2020-10-26
Contact: LianTao LIU,CunDong LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】株型是重要的农艺性状,对棉花的栽培适应性和产量等有着巨大影响。研究化学封顶对棉花株型相关性状的影响,并进行综合分析,为化学封顶的应用和推广提供理论支持。【方法】于2015—2016年在河北农业大学试验基地,以黄河流域大面积种植的冀棉863和农大棉601为试验材料,设置人工打顶、化学封顶和不打顶3个处理,测定产量构成及株高、茎粗、果枝数等株型相关指标,开展化学封顶对棉花株型性状影响的研究。【结果】人工打顶和化学封顶处理的籽棉产量无显著差异,且均显著高于不打顶处理,冀棉863和农大棉601在化学封顶处理下的籽棉产量比不打顶处理分别提高了7.19%和6.18%。与不打顶处理相比,化学封顶处理显著降低了棉花的株高、节间数、果枝数、果节数,显著增加了上部果枝的近远端直径比。与人工打顶处理相比,化学封顶处理显著降低了主茎的节间长度和上部果枝长度。通过皮尔逊相关性分析、主成分分析和灰色关联度分析认为可通过株高和上部果枝的近远端直径比来评价化学封顶对棉花株型的调控效果。【结论】化学封顶可显著调控棉花的营养生长,且与人工打顶相比对产量无显著影响,株高和上部果枝近远端直径可作为评价化学封顶对棉花株型调控效果的最佳评价指标。

关键词: 棉花, 株型, 人工打顶, 化学封顶, 产量, 主成分分析, 灰色关联度分析

Abstract:

【Objective】Plant architecture is of major agronomic importance because it strongly influences the suit-ability of a plant for cultivation, its overall yield and its economic coefficient. This study was aimed to explore the effects of chemical topping on the traits of cotton’s plant architecture and to make a comprehensive analysis, thus providing a theoretical basis for the application and popularization of chemical topping. 【Method】Three topping treatments, including manual topping, chemical topping and non-decapitation treatment, were established by using Jimian863 and Nongda601, which were widely grown in Yellow River Valley, in Hebei Agriculture University experimental base during 2015-2016, yield components, plant height, stem diameter, number of fruit branches and other plant architecture related indicators were measured, carry out research on the effect of chemical topping on plant architecture. 【Result】There was no significant difference in seed cotton yield between manual topping treatment and chemical topping treatment, and both treatments were significantly higher than that of non-decapitation treatment. Compared with non-decapitation treatment, chemical topping increased the seed cotton yield of Jiman863 and Nongda601 by 7.19% and 6.78%, respectively. Compared with non-decapitation treatment, chemical topping significantly decreased the cotton plant, internode number, fruiting branches number and fruiting node number, and significantly increased the diameter ratio of near and far branches. Chemical topping significantly decreased the internode length of stem and upper fruiting branches length. The effect of chemical topping on cotton’s plant architecture could be evaluated by the plant height and the diameter ratio of near and far branches according to Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis. 【Conclusion】Chemical topping treatment had the same purpose on the regulation of cotton’s vegetative and regenerative growth as manual topping treatment, and had no significant effect on seed cotton yield. The plant height and the diameter ratio of near and far branches were taken as the main evaluation indexes for the regulation of chemical topping on cotton’s plant architecture.

Key words: cotton, plant architecture, manual topping, chemical topping, yield, principal component analysis, grey correlation analysis

祝令晓,刘连涛,张永江,孙红春,张科,白志英,董合忠,李存东. 化学封顶对棉花株型的调控及评价指标筛选[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(20): 4152-4163.

ZHU LingXiao,LIU LianTao,ZHANG YongJiang,SUN HongChun,ZHANG Ke,BAI ZhiYing,DONG HeZhong,LI CunDong. The Regulation and Evaluation Indexes Screening of Chemical Topping on Cotton’s Plant Architecture[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(20): 4152-4163.

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年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	单株铃数 Boll number per plant	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg·hm^-2)	衣分 Lint percent (%)	皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg·hm^-2)
2015	JM863	MT	17.70±0.48a	6.23±0.33a	4266.81±165.79a	38.68±0.48c	1788.13±78.66a
		CT	17.98±1.31a	5.38±10.42ab	4157.54±328.77a	41.41±0.41b	1721.70±144.06a
		NT	14.75±0.95b	5.85±0.09b	3791.16±378.22b	43.06±0.27a	1632.47±217.67b
	ND601	MT	11.21±0.410a	6.41±0.58a	3480.00±196.82a	40.44±0.55c	1407.35±89.80a
		CT	11.13±1.46a	6.24±0.48a	3222.13±233.56ab	43.83±0.24a	1412.25±120.29a
		NT	10.62±1.46a	6.26±0.24a	3003.50±262.27b	42.29±0.33b	1270.02±94.68b
2016	JM863	MT	17.67±0.59a	6.27±0.06a	4397.76±95.52a	39.33±0.85b	1730.60±75.22a
		CT	17.33±0.31a	5.89±0.10b	4281.28±90.74a	41.37±0.49a	1770.79±31.87a
		NT	15.70±0.67b	5.81±0.11b	4041.05±156.19b	42.70±0.45a	1725.24±61.45a
	ND601	MT	14.10±0.54a	6.72±0.36a	3390.22±110.57a	39.94±1.21b	1355.33±84.33ab
		CT	13.05±0.35a	7.06±0.38a	3363.72±16.79a	42.89±0.79a	1442.877±28.10a
		NT	11.62±0.41b	7.15±0.12a	3135.93±56.40ab	41.26±0.58ab	1293.88±24.26b
方差分析 Source of variance	Year (Y)		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	Cultivar (C)		**	**	**	NS	**
	Treatment (T)		**	NS	*	**	*
	Y×C		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	Y×T		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	C×T		NS	NS	NS	**	NS
	Y×C×T		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	2015		2016
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	节间数 Internode number	节间长度 Internode length (cm)	节间数 Internode number	节间长度 Internode length (cm)
JM863	MT	11.67±0.47c	9.39±0.22a	11.67±0.94b	10.08±0.66a
	CT	15.33±0.82b	7.84±0.35b	15.33±0.47a	7.94±0.19b
	NT	17.33±0.82a	7.58±0.29b	16.33±0.47a	7.94±0.18b
ND601	MT	12.33±0.82b	9.51±0.55a	11.33±0.94c	10.20±0.71a
	CT	14.33±0.47a	8.59±0.16ab	13.67±0.47b	8.91±0.12b
	NT	16.33±0.82a	8.24±0.29b	15.33±0.47a	8.37±0.07b

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	2015				2016
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	果枝数 Fruiting branches number	果节数 Fruiting node number	上部果枝长度 Fruiting branches length (cm)	近远端直径比 Diameter ratio of near and far branches	果枝数 Fruiting branches number	果节数 Fruiting node number	上部果枝长度 Fruiting branches length (cm)	近远端直径比 Diameter ratio of near and far branches
JM863	MT	14.58±0.64c	84.71±6.12b	20.47±1.22a	1.40±0.01b	14.50±0.65c	81.80±7.89c	15.90±1.47a	1.30±0.04b
	CT	16.83±1.28b	95.64±10.12a	14.48±2.33b	1.47±0.06b	16.17±1.62b	84.20±6.55bc	10.06±0.82c	1.38±0.05ab
	NT	18.50±1.12a	98.64±7.98a	19.69±1.15a	1.66±0.06a	17.58±1.26a	99.90±7.23a	11.56±0.70b	1.47±0.03a
ND601	MT	14.20±0.45c	79.74±3.56c	23.01±2.74a	1.35±0.03c	14.58±0.64c	87.15±4.55b	19.65±1.31a	1.24±0.02c
	CT	17.60±0.89b	84.66±7.87b	13.82±1.84c	1.47±0.03b	16.83±1.28b	88.80±7.89b	9.76±0.58c	1.40±0.06b
	NT	21.60±0.55a	91.64±9.99a	17.70±0.89b	1.65±0.02a	18.50±1.12a	91.46±9.11a	12.79±0.83b	1.51±0.05c

指标 Index	产量 SCY	株高 PH	茎粗 SD	节间数 IN	节间长度 IL	果枝数 FBN	果节数 FNN	上部果枝长度 FBL	近远端直径比 DRNB
产量SCY	1
株高PH	-0.413	1
茎粗SD	0.618^*	-0.648^*	1
节间数IN	-0.483	0.853^**	-0.332	1
节间长度IL	-0.143	0.875^**	-0.290	-0.850^**	1
果枝数FBN	0.001	-0.695^*	0.062	-0.739^**	-0.951^**	1
果节数FNN	0.265	-0.883^**	0.561	-0.715^**	-0.754^**	0.592^*	1
上部果枝长度 FBL	0.022	-0.639^*	0.035	0.685^*	0.779^**	-0.738^**	-0.697^*	1
近远端直径比DRNB	-0.072	-0.456	0.288	-0.272	-0.431	0.430	0.691^*	-0.273	1

指标 Index	关联度 Correlation degree	排序 Order
节间数 Internode number	0.912	1
茎粗 Stem diameter	0.901	2
近远端直径比 Diameter ratio of near and far branches	0.890	3
株高 Plant height	0.847	4
果节数 Fruiting node number	0.835	5
果枝数 Fruiting branches number	0.825	6
节间长度 Internode length	0.750	7
上部果枝长度 Upper fruiting branches length	0.717	8

化学封顶对棉花株型的调控及评价指标筛选

The Regulation and Evaluation Indexes Screening of Chemical Topping on Cotton’s Plant Architecture

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成分 Component	初始特征值 Initial eigenvalue			提取的主成分 The extracted principal component
成分 Component	合计 Total	方差的贡献率 The contribution rate of variance (%)	累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%)	合计 Total	方差的贡献率 The contribution rate of variance (%)	累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%)
1	5.252	65.662	65.662	5.253	65.662	65.662
2	1.328	16.595	82.257	1.328	16.595	82.257
3	0.809	10.117	92.374
4	0.373	4.663	97.037
5	0.191	2.388	99.425
6	0.032	0.401	99.827
7	0.013	0.164	99.990
8	0.001	0.009	100

指标 Index	第1主成分 Component 1	第2主成分 Component 2
株高 Plant height	0.180	-0.162
果枝数 Fruiting branches number	0.167	0.093
茎粗 Stem diameter	-0.084	0.625
节间数 Internode number	0.181	0.153
节间长度 Internode length	-0.161	-0.293
近远端直径比 Diameter ratio of near and far branches	-0.173	0.198
果节数 Fruiting node number	0.150	0.346
上部果枝长度 Upper fruiting branches length	-0.108	0.242

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