云南省马铃薯病毒及蓟马优势种发生趋势

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.03.008

中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 551-562.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.03.008

云南省马铃薯病毒及蓟马优势种发生趋势

杜霞^1,^2,³,吴阔³,刘霞¹,张丽珍³,苏晓霞³,张宏瑞¹,张仲凯³,胡先奇¹,董家红³,杨艳丽¹(),高玉林^2,⁴()

¹ 云南农业大学植物保护学院,昆明 650201
² 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京 100193
³ 云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所,昆明650205
⁴ 中国农业科学院国家薯类作物研究中心,北京 100081

收稿日期:2019-09-06 接受日期:2019-09-25 出版日期:2020-02-01 发布日期:2020-02-13
通讯作者: 杨艳丽,高玉林
作者简介:杜霞,E-mail：duxiadaisy@163.com。|吴阔,E-mail：yklaw@126.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD02008);云南省马铃薯产业体系(2018KJTX03);云南省方荣祥院士工作站(2017)

The Occurrence Trends of Dominant Species of Potato Viruses and Thrips in Yunnan Province

DU Xia^1,^2,³,WU Kuo³,LIU Xia¹,ZHANG LiZhen³,SU XiaoXia³,ZHANG HongRui¹,ZHANG ZhongKai³,HU XianQi¹,DONG JiaHong³,YANG YanLi¹(),GAO YuLin^2,⁴()

¹ College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
² State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
³ Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
⁴ National Center of Excellence for Tuber and Root Crop Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081

Received:2019-09-06 Accepted:2019-09-25 Online:2020-02-01 Published:2020-02-13
Contact: YanLi YANG,YuLin GAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确云南省马铃薯病毒的优势种及马铃薯新病毒的发生变化,为马铃薯种苗、种薯的生产提供早期预警监测,并为防止新的病毒病害暴发流行提供依据。【方法】采用随机五点取样法,从云南马铃薯春作区和冬作区的不同田块采集各地主栽马铃薯品种的叶片,共采集到510份植株叶片,采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）方法中的双抗体夹心ELISA（DAS-ELISA）和间接ELISA（I-ELISA）两种方法进行病毒检测。进行蓟马采集时,同样采用随机五点取样法,从云南马铃薯春作区和冬作区采集各地主栽马铃薯品种的花和叶片,将样品放入采集罐后带回实验室,对罐中的蓟马进行整理,共采集到8 953头蓟马。将蓟马制作为临时玻片标本,参考中国蓟马属蓟马检索表及Oz Thrips（http://www.ozthrips.org/）,通过形态学特征对蓟马进行种类鉴定。【结果】从510份马铃薯样品中,共检测出6种常见病毒和2种新兴病毒。马铃薯病毒的优势种为马铃薯S病毒（Potato virus S,PVS）,检出率高达63.53%,其次是马铃薯X病毒（Potato virus X,PVX）和马铃薯卷叶病毒（Potato leafroll virus,PLRV）;检测出2种新兴病毒番茄斑萎病毒（Tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV）和番茄环纹斑点病毒（Tomato zonate spot virus,TZSV）,检出率分别为5.10%和15.10%。本次调查共鉴定了3科,5属,13种蓟马。蓟马科(Thripidae)共鉴定出3个属11个种,分别为蓟马属(Thrips)的八节黄蓟马（T. flavidulus）、黄蓟马（T. flavus）、棕榈蓟马（T. palmi）、烟蓟马（T. tabaci）、黄胸蓟马（T. hawaiiensis）、色蓟马（T. coloratus）、暗足蓟马（T. obscuripes）和葱韭蓟马（T. alliorum）;花蓟马属(Frankliniella)的西花蓟马(F. occidentalis)、花蓟马（F. intonsa);带蓟马属(Taeniothrips)的大带蓟马(Ta. major);管蓟马科(Phlaeothripidae)简管蓟马属（Haplothrips）的简管蓟马（Haplothrips sp.）和纹蓟马科(Aeolothripidae)纹蓟马属（Aeolothrips）的纹蓟马（Aeolothrips sp.）。检测出的8种病毒中TSWV和TZSV是蓟马传播的病毒,其中,西花蓟马是潜在传毒蓟马群体中的优势种,占潜在传毒蓟马群体总数的69.47%。【结论】目前,PVS是云南马铃薯主要病毒优势种,2种侵染马铃薯的新兴病毒的发生率也在增加。西花蓟马是潜在传毒蓟马群体中的优势种。

关键词: 马铃薯, 病毒病, 蓟马, 番茄斑萎病毒, 番茄环纹斑点病毒

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to identify the dominant species of potato and changes of potato new virus in Yunnan Province, provide early warning and monitoring for the production of potato seedling, and to provide a basis for preventing the outbreak of new viral diseases.【Method】Using random five-point sampling method, a total of 510 leaves of local public potato varieties were collected from different fields in the spring and winter cropping areas of Yunnan. The viruses were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). The same method was used to collect thrips from flowers and leaves of the local public potato varieties from spring and winter potato cropping areas in Yunnan. The samples were put into the collection tank and brought back to the laboratory. A total of 8 953 thrips were collected and made slide specimen. The species of thrips were identified by the morphological characteristics based on Oz thrips (http://www.ozthrips.org/) and key list of Thrips genus in China.【Result】A total of 6 common and 2 emerging viruses were detected from 510 potato samples. The dominant potato virus was Potato virus S (PVS), with an incidence rate of 63.53%, followed by Potato virus X (PVX) and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). The two emerging potato viruses Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV) were detected, with incidence rates of 5.10% and 15.10%, respectively. A total of 3 families, 5 genera and 13 species of thrips were identified in this survey. They were Thrips flavidulus, T. flavus, T. palmi, T. tabaci, T. hawaiiensis, T. coloratus, T. obscuripes, T. alliorum, Frankliniella occidentalis, F. intonsa, Taeniothrips major of Thripidae, Haplothrips sp. of Phlaeothripidae, and Aeolothrips sp. of Aeolothripidae. Among the 8 detected viruses, only TSWV and TZSV could be transmitted by thrips. F. occidentalis was the dominant species in the potential virus-transmission thrips population, accounting for 69.47% of the total potential virus-transmission thrips population. 【Conclusion】At present, PVS is the dominant potato virus in Yunnan, and the incidence rate of two emerging viruses infecting potato is also increasing. F. occidentalis is the dominant species in the potential virus-transmission thrips population.

Key words: potato, viral disease, thrips, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato zonate spotted virus (TZSV)

杜霞,吴阔,刘霞,张丽珍,苏晓霞,张宏瑞,张仲凯,胡先奇,董家红,杨艳丽,高玉林. 云南省马铃薯病毒及蓟马优势种发生趋势[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(3): 551-562.

DU Xia,WU Kuo,LIU Xia,ZHANG LiZhen,SU XiaoXia,ZHANG HongRui,ZHANG ZhongKai,HU XianQi,DONG JiaHong,YANG YanLi,GAO YuLin. The Occurrence Trends of Dominant Species of Potato Viruses and Thrips in Yunnan Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(3): 551-562.

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图/表 5

表1

样品采集信息"

区域 Region	州（市） Prefecture (City)	县（市） County (City)	马铃薯品种 Variety of potato	样品个数 Number of samples	备注 Note
春作区Spring cropping area	大理州 Dali	鹤庆县Heqing	合作88 Cooperation 88	1	种薯Potato seed
		洱源县Eryuan	合作88 Cooperation 88、丽薯6号Lishu 6、丽薯7号Lishu 7、凤薯95-11 Fengshu 95-11、TK96、PO3	55	种薯Potato seed
		剑川县Jianchuan	合作88 Cooperation 88、丽薯6号Lishu 6、剑川红Jianchuanhong	43	种薯Potato seed
		大理市Dali	丽薯6号Lishu 6、青薯9号Qingshu 9	12	商品薯Commodity potato
		弥渡县Midu	丽薯6号Lishu 6	12	商品薯Commodity potato
		南涧县Nanjian	丽薯6号Lishu 6	12	商品薯Commodity potato
	迪庆州Diqing	香格里拉Shangri-La	合作88 Cooperation 88、丽薯6号Lishu 6、丽薯7号Lishu 7、云薯103 Yunshu 103、云薯505 Yunshu 505、宣薯2号Xuanshu 2、青薯7号Qingshu 7、青薯9号Qingshu 9、S11-2616、会薯18 Huishu 18	64	种薯Potato seed
	曲靖市Qujing	会泽县**Huize	合作88 Cooperation 88、会-2 Hui 2、昊绿5号Haolv 5、会13 Hui 13、P96-9、AM-52、会薯8号Huishu 8、费乌瑞它Favorita、YA-2	16	种薯Potato seed
		罗平县Luoping	合作88 Cooperation 88、丽薯6号Lishu 6、宣薯2号Xuanshu 2、米拉Mira、马牙棵Mayake	78	商品薯Commodity potato
		陆良县**Luliang	合作88 Cooperation 88	3	商品薯Commodity potato
		宣威市Xuanwei	宣薯2号Xuanshu 2、宣薯5号Xuanshu 5	18	种薯Potato seed
	昭通市Zhaotong	昭阳区Zhaoyang	丽薯6号Lishu 6、宣薯2号Xuanshu 2、云薯505 Yunshu 505、昊绿4号Haolv 4、昊绿5号Haolv 5、昊绿6号Haolv 6、昊绿7号Haolv 7、合作23 Cooperation 23、威芋5号Weiyu 5、N1、N2、N3	54	种薯Potato seed
		鲁甸县Ludian	云薯505 Yunshu 505、威芋5号Weiyu 5	20	种薯Potato seed
	丽江市Lijiang	玉龙县Yulong	丽薯6号Lishu 6、丽薯7号Lishu 7	38	种薯Potato seed
	昆明市Kunming	寻甸县Xundian	宣薯2号Xuanshu 2、青薯9号Qingshu 9	18	商品薯Commodity potato
冬作区Winter cropping area	临沧市Lincang	云县Yunxian	合作88 Cooperation 88、丽薯6号Lishu 6	24	商品薯Commodity potato
	临沧市Lincang	双江县Shuangjiang	合作88 Cooperation 88、丽薯6号Lishu 6	15	商品薯Commodity potato
	大理州Dali	宾川县Binchuan	丽薯6号Lishu 6、凤薯95-11 Fengshu 95-11、凤薯5号Fengshu 5、华薯1号Huashu 1、凤薯6号 Fengshu 6	9	商品薯Commodity potato
	红河州Honghe	开远市Kaiyuan	丽薯6号 Lishu 6	18	商品薯Commodity potato
	红河州Honghe	石屏县*Shiping	丽薯6号 Lishu 6	3	商品薯Commodity potato
	德宏州Dehong	芒市*Mangshi	丽薯6号 Lishu 6	3	商品薯Commodity potato
	德宏州Dehong	盈江县*Yingjiang	合作88 Cooperation 88	3	商品薯Commodity potato
合计Total				519

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科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
蓟马科 Thripidae	蓟马属 Thrips
		八节黄蓟马T. flavidulus
		黄蓟马T. flavus
		棕榈蓟马T. palmi*
		烟蓟马T. tabaci*
		黄胸蓟马T. hawaiiensis
		色蓟马T. coloratus
		暗足蓟马T. obscuripes
		葱韭蓟马T. alliorum
	花蓟马属Frankliniella
		西花蓟马F. occidentalis*
		花蓟马F. intonsa*
	带蓟马属Taeniothrips
		大带蓟马Ta. major
管蓟马科Phlaeothripidae	简管蓟马属Haplothrips	Haplothrips sp.
纹蓟马科Aeolothripidae	纹蓟马属Aeolothrips	Aeolothrips sp.

云南省马铃薯病毒及蓟马优势种发生趋势

The Occurrence Trends of Dominant Species of Potato Viruses and Thrips in Yunnan Province

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州（市） Prefecture (City)	县（市） County (City)	西花蓟马 F. occidentalis	花蓟马 F. intonsa	棕榈蓟马 T. palmi	烟蓟马 T. tabaci	八节黄蓟马 T. flavidulus	黄蓟马 T. flavus	黄胸蓟马 T. hawaiiensis	色蓟马 T. coloratus	暗足蓟马 T. obscuripes	葱韭蓟马 T. alliorum	大带蓟马 Taeniothrips major	Haplothrips sp.	Aeolothrips sp.
大理州 Dali	宾川县Binchuan	7	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	大理市Dali	166	56	6	0	174	4	3	0	0	0	0	0	0
	弥渡县Midu	41	9	0	0	75	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	南涧县Nanjian	2	2	0	0	104	69	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
	洱源县Eryuan	107	1	18	1	359	129	7	0	0	0	0	3	0
	剑川县Jianchuan	8	0	10	0	892	200	14	0	0	0	0	1	0
	鹤庆县Heqing	0	0	1	0	127	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
临沧市 Lincang	云县Yunxian	2	22	1	0	17	93	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
临沧市 Lincang	双江县Shuangjiang	7	19	0	0	0	6	17	0	0	0	0	0	0
德宏州 Dehong	芒市Mangshi	2	3	2	0	4	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
德宏州 Dehong	盈江县Yingjiang	1	39	0	0	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
红河州 Honghe	开远市Kaiyuan	118	65	4	0	92	163	723	0	103	0	1	2	0
红河州 Honghe	石屏县Shiping	25	2	0	0	0	9	3	0	0	0	0	0	0
迪庆州 Diqing	香格里拉Shangri-La	9	45	2	6	64	28	11	1	0	0	129	0	1
曲靖市 Qujing	罗平县Luoping	12	2	16	1	22	145	4	0	0	1	0	10	0
曲靖市 Qujing	宣威市Xuanwei	0	0	2	0	805	81	0	4	0	0	0	13	2
昆明市 Kunming	寻甸县Xundian	66	0	2	0	622	157	5	15	119	0	0	0	1
昭通市 Zhaotong	昭阳区Zhaoyang	219	2	39	2	210	30	2	3	0	0	0	3	0
昭通市 Zhaotong	鲁甸县Ludian	25	0	3	0	881	424	2	0	0	0	0	1	0
丽江市 Lijiang	玉龙县Yulong	75	0	8	0	19	87	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
总计Total		892	268	114	10	4471	1637	795	23	222	1	130	33	4