马铃薯块茎蛾对不同品种马铃薯块茎的适应性分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】马铃薯块茎蛾（Phthorimaea operculella）是马铃薯上的重要害虫,严重影响马铃薯的产量和品质。明确马铃薯块茎蛾对不同品种块茎的适应性,为马铃薯抗性品种筛选以及制定有效的害虫综合治理策略提供依据。【方法】以目前生产上商业化推广的4个马铃薯品种（夏波蒂、龙薯4号、龙薯12号、克新17号）块茎为试验材料,采用年龄-阶段特定两性生命表,测定不同品种块茎上马铃薯块茎蛾的发育历期和种群参数,以评价马铃薯块茎蛾在不同品种上的适应性。【结果】取食不同品种块茎的马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫期、蛹期和雌成虫寿命存在显著差异。其中取食克新17号的马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫期（15.18 d)和蛹期（8.10 d）相较于取食其他3个品种（夏波蒂、龙薯4号、龙薯12号）长,而雌成虫寿命（8.46 d）较短。另外,取食同种品种块茎的马铃薯块茎蛾雄成虫寿命普遍高于雌成虫。取食不同品种块茎的马铃薯块茎蛾单雌产卵量存在显著差异,取食夏波蒂（235.06粒）和龙薯4号（254.48粒）的马铃薯块茎蛾单雌产卵量显著多于取食克新17号（165.71粒）。取食不同品种块茎的马铃薯块茎蛾内禀增长率（r）、周限增长率（λ）、净增殖率（R₀）和平均世代时间（T）等种群参数存在极显著差异。其中取食克新17号的马铃薯块茎蛾的r、λ、R₀值（r=0.108,λ=1.125,R₀=26.513）均显著低于其余3个品种,T值（30.28）显著高于其余3个品种。在幼虫选择性取食试验中,1龄马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫尤为偏好龙薯4号和夏波蒂,对克新17号选择性最低, 并随着龄期的增长,选择性逐渐降低。【结论】马铃薯块茎蛾对不同品种薯块的适应性不同,在夏波蒂和龙薯4号上适应性较好,龙薯12号次之,克新17号种群建立水平最低。在马铃薯块茎蛾危害严重区域,可以考虑选择种植马铃薯块茎蛾适应性较低的品种,作为田间抑制马铃薯块茎蛾种群的一个重要策略。

关键词: 马铃薯块茎蛾, 年龄-阶段特定两性生命表, 马铃薯品种, 品种适应性

Abstract:

【Objective】Potato tuberworm (Phthorimaea operculella) is an important pest on potatoes, which seriously affects the quality and value of potatoes. The objective of this study is to clarify the adaptability of P. operculella on different potato tuber varieties, and to provide a basis for screening resistant potato varieties and developing effective integrated pest management strategy.【Method】To evaluate the adaptability of P. operculella on different tuber varieties and screen the high natural-resistance tubers, in this study, four varieties (Xiabodi, Longshu No. 4, Longshu No. 12 and Kexin No. 17) which were planted in a large scale at present were selected as tested materials to determine the development and population parameters of P. operculella on different tuber varieties using an age-stage specific two-sex life table.【Result】There were significant differences in larval stage, pupal stage and female longevity of P. operculella feeding on different tuber varieties. Compared with those fed on Xiabodi, Longshu No. 4 and Longshu No. 12, those fed on Kexin No. 17 exhibited significantly longer larval stage (15.18 d) and pupal stage (8.10 d), and the female longevity (8.46 d) was shorter than the other three varieties. Moreover, the longevity of male was significantly higher than female in a same variety. The fecundity of P. operculella feeding on Xiabodi (235.06 eggs) and Longshu No. 4 (254.48 eggs) was significantly larger than that fed on Kexin No. 17 (165.71 eggs). In addition, there were significant differences among intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R₀) and mean generation time (T) of P. operculella feeding on different tuber varieties. The r, λ, R₀ values of P. operculella fed on Kexin No. 17 (r=0.108, λ=1.125, R₀=26.513) were significantly lower than those on the other three tuber varieties, and T value of P. operculella fed on Kexin No.17 (30.28) was significantly higher than those on the other three tuber varieties. Larvae feeding preference experiments showed that the larvae fed on Xiabodi and Longshu No. 4 in preference to Kexin No. 17. With the increase of age, the selectivity gradually decreased. 【Conclusion】There was a different adaptability of P. operculella among different potato tuber varieties. Xiabodi and Longshu No. 4 are the most suitable hosts, followed by Longshu No. 12, and Kexin No. 17 is the least suitable host. In areas where P. operculella is seriously damaged on potato field system, planting potato varieties with low adaptability can be selected as an important strategy for reducing population of P. operculella in the field.

Key words: potato tuberworm (Phthorimaea operculella), age-stage specific two-sex life table, potato variety, variety adaptability

张梦迪,闫俊杰,高玉林. 马铃薯块茎蛾对不同品种马铃薯块茎的适应性分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(3): 536-546.

ZHANG MengDi,YAN JunJie,GAO YuLin. The Adaptive Analysis of Phthorimaea operculella to Different Potato Tuber Varieties[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(3): 536-546.

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统计值 Statistics	阶段或性别 Stage or sex	夏波蒂Xiabodi		龙薯4号Longshu No. 4		龙薯12号Longshu No. 12		克新17号Kexin No. 17		P
统计值 Statistics	阶段或性别 Stage or sex	n	平均值±标准误 Mean±SE	n	平均值±标准误Mean±SE	n	平均值±标准误 Mean±SE	n	平均值±标准误 Mean±SE	P
成虫前期 Pre-adult duration (d)	卵Egg	150	3.76±0.08a	150	3.59±0.07a	150	3.71±0.05a	150	3.50±0.09a	0.051
	幼虫Larva	128	14.14±0.30bc	117	13.52±0.31c	122	14.46±0.19ab	108	15.18±0.09a	6.860×10^-5
	蛹Pupa	115	7.89±0.13a	104	7.48±0.13b	112	7.28±0.09b	101	8.10±0.06a	3.120×10^-7
成虫寿命 Adult longevity (d)	平均寿命 Mean longevity	96	15.53±0.65a	95	14.60±0.53a	106	14.02±0.63a	97	13.55±0.39a	0.080
	雌成虫 Female adult	38	13.50±0.90a	53	12.11±0.45ab	44	11.00±0.53bc	24	8.46±0.46c	1.620×10^-5
	雄成虫Male adult	58	16.86±0.86a	42	17.74±0.85a	62	16.29±0.92a	73	15.22±0.29a	0.117
繁殖力 Fecundity (eggs/female)	单雌产卵量（粒） Eggs per female	38	235.06±15.41a	53	254.48±10.08a	44	171.79±11.78b	24	165.71±7.14b	1.790×10^-7

种群参数 Population parameter	夏波蒂 Xiabodi	龙薯4号 Longshu No. 4	龙薯12号 Longshu No. 12	克新17号 Kexin No. 17	P
内禀增长率Intrinsic rate of increase (r) (d^-1)	0.135±(1.848×10^-5)b	0.157±(1.41×10^-5)a	0.134±(1.611×10^-5)c	0.108±(2.092×10^-5)d	2.000×10^-16
周限增长率 Finite rate of increase (λ) (d^-1)	1.145±(2.112×10^-5)b	1.170±(1.643×10^-5)a	1.143±(1.184×10^-5)c	1.125±(2.326×10^-5)d	2.000×10^-16
净增殖率 Net reproductive rate (R₀)	56.573±0.030b	92.740±0.035a	48.640±0.022c	26.513±0.016d	2.000×10^-16
平均世代时间 Mean generation time (T) (d)	29.85±0.001b	28.87±0.0007d	29.10±0.0005c	30.28±0.0008a	2.000×10^-16