中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 921-932.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.05.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

马铃薯生长模型的研究进展及发展前景

唐建昭1,2(),王靖1(),肖登攀2,潘学标1   

  1. 1中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193
    2河北省科学院地理科学研究所/河北省地理信息开发应用工程技术研究中心,石家庄 050011
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-15 接受日期:2020-07-29 出版日期:2021-03-01 发布日期:2021-03-09
  • 通讯作者: 王靖
  • 作者简介:唐建昭,E-mail:tjzcau @163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省科学院科技计划项目(2020G06);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2020ZD0005);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2019GG016)

Research Progress and Development Prospect of Potato Growth Model

JianZhao TANG1,2(),Jing WANG1(),DengPan XIAO2,XueBiao PAN1   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
    2Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences/Engineering Technology Research Center, Geographic Information Development and Application of Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050011
  • Received:2020-05-15 Accepted:2020-07-29 Online:2021-03-01 Published:2021-03-09
  • Contact: Jing WANG

摘要:

马铃薯是继玉米、小麦和水稻之后的第四大主粮作物,其生产对保障粮食安全具有重要意义。马铃薯生长模型广泛用于指导马铃薯产量差缩减、水肥利用效率提升、栽培管理措施优化以及气候变化适应等方面,本文系统综述了马铃薯生长模型的发展历程、应用领域及发展前景。马铃薯生长模型的研究始于20世纪80年代,将马铃薯生长发育过程表达为数学模型,主要包括生育期和干物质积累模块,该时期马铃薯生长模型多用于马铃薯生产潜力的评价;20世纪90年代为马铃薯生长模型发展和完善阶段,土壤水氮模块逐步加入马铃薯生长模型,该时期马铃薯生长模型开始应用到农业生产系统分析中,具备了优化马铃薯水氮管理措施的性能;21世纪后马铃薯生长模型在第二代模型的基础上,从农业生产系统的角度出发,考虑了气候变化的影响,将马铃薯生长对CO2的响应模块加入到生长模型中,其机理性进一步加强。此后,马铃薯生长模型的应用更加深入,包括马铃薯产量差解析和缩差措施的提出、品种和播期等栽培管理措施优化以及气候变化影响评估和适应等。尽管马铃薯生长模型得到了广泛应用,但其在胁迫条件下的模拟精度需进一步评价。其次,马铃薯生长模型不能有效模拟马铃薯的大小薯比例,而商品薯的多少显著影响马铃薯的生产价值。此外,当前的马铃薯生长模型普遍缺乏对马铃薯生产有显著影响的病虫害模块。未来,应基于全球大数据、田间和控制试验,进一步提高马铃薯生长模型的机理性,同时加强马铃薯生长模型在育种、管理和环境耦合分析中的应用,并结合遥感数据和功能结构模型,发展新一代马铃薯生长模型,实现马铃薯生产智慧型管理。

关键词: 马铃薯, 产量差, 气候变化, 水氮管理, 播期, 品种, 块茎

Abstract:

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth food crop around the world, following maize, wheat and rice. Potato production is of significance for ensuring national food security. Potato growth models have been used widely in narrowing potato yield gap, enhancing water and nitrogen use efficiency, adapting to climate change, and optimizing agronomic management options. The study reviewed the development, application and prospect of potato growth models. Potato growth models were built since the 1980s by expressing the growth and development processes of potato in the mathematical models, which mainly included the modules of phenology and biomass accumulation. During this period, the potato growth models were mainly used to evaluate potato productivity. During the 1990s, the potato growth models could be used to optimize application of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer with the soil water and nitrogen modules being added into the models. In the 2000s, the potato growth models were improved significantly by including the module of the response of potato growth to CO2 concentration. Afterward, the potato models were used more widely in the estimation of potato potential yield, narrowing the yield gap, the optimization of cultivars and agronomic management practices, climate change impact assessment and adaptation, etc. Although the potato growth models have been used widely, there were still some limitations for potato growth models. Firstly, the simulation accuracy of potato growth models under water and nitrogen stresses should be further evaluated. Secondly, the potato growth models could not simulate the number and weight of tuber effectively. However, the number of marketable tuber had a significant impact on potato economic benefit. Thirdly, the current potato growth models could not reflect the impacts of diseases and pests on the growth and development of potato. In the future, the mechanism of potato growth models should be further enhanced based on the global big data, field and controlled experiments. Moreover, the application of potato growth models should be strengthened in the analysis of interaction of genotype, management and environment on potato production. For developing new generation models, potato growth models should be combined with remote sensing data and structure-functional models to realize the smart management of potato production.

Key words: potato, yield gap, climate change, water and nitrogen management, planting date, cultivar, tuber