关键词: 马铃薯, 产量差, 气候变化, 水氮管理, 播期, 品种, 块茎

Abstract:

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth food crop around the world, following maize, wheat and rice. Potato production is of significance for ensuring national food security. Potato growth models have been used widely in narrowing potato yield gap, enhancing water and nitrogen use efficiency, adapting to climate change, and optimizing agronomic management options. The study reviewed the development, application and prospect of potato growth models. Potato growth models were built since the 1980s by expressing the growth and development processes of potato in the mathematical models, which mainly included the modules of phenology and biomass accumulation. During this period, the potato growth models were mainly used to evaluate potato productivity. During the 1990s, the potato growth models could be used to optimize application of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer with the soil water and nitrogen modules being added into the models. In the 2000s, the potato growth models were improved significantly by including the module of the response of potato growth to CO₂ concentration. Afterward, the potato models were used more widely in the estimation of potato potential yield, narrowing the yield gap, the optimization of cultivars and agronomic management practices, climate change impact assessment and adaptation, etc. Although the potato growth models have been used widely, there were still some limitations for potato growth models. Firstly, the simulation accuracy of potato growth models under water and nitrogen stresses should be further evaluated. Secondly, the potato growth models could not simulate the number and weight of tuber effectively. However, the number of marketable tuber had a significant impact on potato economic benefit. Thirdly, the current potato growth models could not reflect the impacts of diseases and pests on the growth and development of potato. In the future, the mechanism of potato growth models should be further enhanced based on the global big data, field and controlled experiments. Moreover, the application of potato growth models should be strengthened in the analysis of interaction of genotype, management and environment on potato production. For developing new generation models, potato growth models should be combined with remote sensing data and structure-functional models to realize the smart management of potato production.

Key words: potato, yield gap, climate change, water and nitrogen management, planting date, cultivar, tuber