中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (24): 4527-4539.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.24.008
收稿日期:
2019-04-11
接受日期:
2019-08-28
出版日期:
2019-12-16
发布日期:
2020-01-15
通讯作者:
张福锁
作者简介:
任思洋,E-mail:siyangr@126.com。
基金资助:
SiYang REN,QingSong ZHANG,TingYu LI,FuSuo ZHANG()
Received:
2019-04-11
Accepted:
2019-08-28
Online:
2019-12-16
Published:
2020-01-15
Contact:
FuSuo ZHANG
摘要:
【目的】通过对华北地区冬小麦产量及氮素管理时空变化的分析,明确华北平原五省2005—2014年冬小麦产量、效率及环境效益的演变规律。【方法】基于2005—2014年农户调研数据,分析华北平原产量、产量差与氮素管理的时间和空间变异趋势,从粮食安全、资源高效和环境保护3个维度设计了华北地区氮素可持续管理评价体系,并据此对该区目前氮素管理现状进行评价。【结果】(1)2005—2014年华北冬小麦产量均值为6.5 t·hm -2,呈逐年递增趋势,10年增幅达7%,产量从高到低依次为河南、安徽北部、山东、河北、江苏北部。10年产量差均值为1.4 t·hm -2,整体呈下降趋势,10年降幅高达47%,产量差从高到低依次为山东、河北、江苏北部、河南、安徽北部。安徽北部产量差降幅最大,产量差最小;山东省内产量差差异较大,呈东部高于西部的趋势。(2)2005—2014年华北冬小麦施氮量均值为226 kg·hm -2,除江苏北部外均呈增加趋势,10年平均增幅为3%,施氮量从高到低依次为江苏北部、河北、山东、安徽北部、河南。同省施氮量差异较小而省间差异明显。(3)2005—2014年华北冬小麦氮素利用效率(NUE)均值为44%,从高到低依次为河南、安徽北部、山东、河北、江苏北部。空间差异大,施氮量高的地区NUE较低。(4)2005-2014年华北冬小麦氮盈余均值为165 kg·hm -2,从高到低依次为江苏北部、河北、山东、河南、安徽北部。施氮量高的地区氮盈余较高。(5)2005—2014年华北冬小麦满足华北地区氮素可持续管理评价体系安全边界的县数仅占总体的2%。以该区域氮盈余及产量均值分区,其中河南省均值位于低氮盈余高产量区;山东及安徽北部均值位于低氮盈余低产量区;河北及江苏北部均值位于高盈余低产量区。【结论】2005—2014年华北地区冬小麦产量增加,产量差减小;同时氮肥投入增加,氮盈余较高,氮素利用效率低。五省中河南氮素管理较为合理,山东和安徽北部氮盈余较低,产量提升空间大;河北及江苏北部氮肥投入量高、效率低、环境压力大,将是未来华北氮素管理的重点地区。
任思洋,张青松,李婷玉,张福锁. 华北平原五省冬小麦产量和氮素管理的时空变异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(24): 4527-4539.
SiYang REN,QingSong ZHANG,TingYu LI,FuSuo ZHANG. Spatiotemporal Variation of Winter Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Management in Five Provinces of North China Plain[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(24): 4527-4539.
表1
华北五省各年调研农户样本容量"
年份 Year | 安徽北部 Northern Anhui | 河北 Hebei | 山东 Shandong | 江苏北部 Northern Jiangsu | 河南 Henan | 农户数量(N) Number of small holder farmers (N) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | 2025 | 21216 | 7567 | 3913 | 42933 | 77654 |
2006 | 9511 | 38349 | 46440 | 20204 | 82689 | 197193 |
2007 | 27412 | 47216 | 70202 | 7143 | 124143 | 276116 |
2008 | 30832 | 87365 | 88436 | 6005 | 117776 | 330414 |
2009 | 11883 | 71140 | 32698 | 3837 | 61414 | 180972 |
2010 | 8437 | 29377 | 26567 | 3497 | 40310 | 108188 |
2011 | 3701 | 22846 | 25849 | 2451 | 19958 | 74805 |
2012 | 2707 | 19783 | 23998 | 2245 | 12127 | 60860 |
2013 | 8163 | 16652 | 24474 | 2931 | 18401 | 70621 |
2014 | 949 | 6051 | 1790 | 2252 | 1137 | 12179 |
总计Total | 105620 | 359995 | 348021 | 54478 | 520888 | 1389002 |
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