我国畜禽饲料资源中微量元素锰含量分布的调查

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.11.014

中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 1993-2001.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.11.014

所属专题：畜禽饲料中矿物元素

• 专题：畜禽饲料中矿物元素 • 上一篇下一篇

我国畜禽饲料资源中微量元素锰含量分布的调查

王传龙¹,张丽阳¹,刘国庆¹,王丽赛^1,²,杨柳^1,²,邢冠中^1,²,邵玉新¹,马雪莲¹,李素芬²,王良治^1,³,刘元东⁴,吕林¹,廖秀冬¹(),罗绪刚¹()

¹ 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所矿物元素营养研究室,北京 100193
² 河北科技师范学院动物科技学院,河北秦皇岛 066004
³ 西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院,成都 610041
⁴ 北京元创智汇生物技术有限公司,北京 100020

收稿日期:2019-03-07 接受日期:2019-05-08 出版日期:2019-06-01 发布日期:2019-06-11
通讯作者: 廖秀冬,罗绪刚
作者简介:王传龙,E-mail：wangchuanlong1994@163.com。
基金资助:
国家科技部科技基础性工作专项（2014FY111000）、中国农业科学院农科英才专项、中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（2019-YWF-YTS-09）、中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项（ASTIP-IAS09）和国家现代农业产业技术体系岗位专家专项（CARS-41）

A Survey on Distribution of Manganese Contents in Feedstuffs for Livestock and Poultry in China

WANG ChuanLong¹,ZHANG LiYang¹,LIU GuoQing¹,WANG LiSai^1,²,YANG Liu^1,²,XING GuanZhong^1,²,SHAO YuXin¹,MA XueLian¹,LI SuFen²,WANG LiangZhi^1,³,LIU YuanDong⁴,LÜ Lin¹,LIAO XiuDong¹(),LUO XuGang¹()

¹ Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
² College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004
³ College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041
⁴ Beijing Yuanchuang Zhihui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100020

Received:2019-03-07 Accepted:2019-05-08 Online:2019-06-01 Published:2019-06-11
Contact: XiuDong LIAO,XuGang LUO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的研究我国不同地区间各种饲料原料中锰含量分布情况,以及我国畜禽基础饲粮中锰水平,从而为饲粮中合理添加锰提供科学依据。方法对采自全国31个省、直辖市和自治区的37种共3 922个主要畜禽饲料原料,经微波消解后,用IRIS Intrepid II等离子体发射光谱仪测定其锰含量。主要畜禽饲料原料可分为七大类,包括谷类籽实（玉米、小麦、稻谷及大麦）、谷物籽实加工副产品（碎米、次粉、小麦麸、米糠、玉米DDGS、小麦DDGS、玉米胚芽粕及玉米蛋白粉）、植物性蛋白饲料（膨化大豆、豆粕、菜籽粕、棉粕、花生粕、亚麻粕、葵花粕）、动物性蛋白饲料（鱼粉、肉粉、水解羽毛粉、肠系膜蛋白粉、血浆蛋白粉和血球蛋白粉）、秸秆类饲料（玉米秸、甘薯藤、稻秸和小麦秸）、牧草类饲料（羊草、黑麦草、苜蓿和青贮玉米）和矿物质饲料（石粉、磷酸氢钙、贝壳粉和骨粉）。结果这37种饲料原料的平均锰含量范围为0.4—1 104.8 mg·kg ^-1,各类饲料原料锰含量分布规律是：矿物质饲料（335.4 mg·kg ^-1）＞秸秆类饲料（180.8 mg·kg ^-1）＞谷类籽实加工副产品（75.9 mg·kg ^-1）＞牧草类饲料（53.3 mg·kg ^-1）＞植物性蛋白饲料（44.5 mg·kg ^-1）＞谷类籽实（38.7 mg·kg ^-1）＞动物性蛋白饲料（19.6 mg·kg ^-1）。在同一类饲料中,不同种饲料的锰含量均存在显著差异（P＜0.0003）,其中谷类籽实饲料锰含量以稻谷最高（77.7 mg·kg ^-1）,玉米最低（5.7 mg·kg ^-1）;谷物籽实加工副产品锰含量以米糠最高（166.0 mg·kg ^-1）,玉米蛋白粉最低（4.6 mg·kg ^-1）;植物性蛋白饲料锰含量以菜籽粕最高（68.0 mg·kg ^-1）,棉粕最低（27.0 mg·kg ^-1）;动物性蛋白饲料锰含量以鱼粉最高（48.5 mg·kg ^-1）,血球蛋白粉最低（0.4 mg·kg ^-1）;秸秆类饲料锰含量以稻秸最高（458.1 mg·kg ^-1）,小麦秸最低（37.8 mg·kg ^-1）;牧草类饲料锰含量以羊草最高（89.1 mg·kg ^-1）,苜蓿最低（33.0 mg·kg ^-1）;矿物质饲料锰含量以磷酸氢钙最高（1 104.8 mg·kg ^-1）,骨粉最低（16.9 mg·kg ^-1）。通过比较不同省（区）玉米、小麦和豆粕的锰含量发现,不同省（区）玉米及豆粕的锰含量存在显著差异（P＜0.0004）,其中贵州省玉米锰含量最高（7.9 mg·kg ^-1）,而内蒙古自治区最低（4.2 mg·kg ^-1）;浙江省豆粕锰含量最高（48.3 mg·kg ^-1）,广东省最低（34.4 mg·kg ^-1）。根据全国各地猪、鸡常用的142个饲料配方所计算出的基础饲粮中锰含量范围为14.4—32.1 mg·kg ^-1,如按我国猪、鸡饲养标准或美国NRC锰营养需要量要求,基础饲粮中锰含量可提供鸡的锰营养需要约1/4,可提供猪全部锰营养需要,但上述估算尚未考虑不同饲料原料中锰的利用率。结论不同种类和不同地区饲料原料中锰含量差异较大,全国各地常用配方中的基础饲粮中锰含量可提供鸡部分锰营养需要量及猪全部锰营养需要量。因此,在实际生产中,应充分考虑不同地区基础饲粮中的锰总含量及其利用率,精准配制饲粮,以满足畜禽高效生产需要,同时减少锰的添加和排放对环境的污染。

关键词: 饲料原料, 锰含量, 猪, 鸡

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this survey was to study the manganese (Mn) contents in various feed ingredients from different provinces (municipalities, regions) and the basal diets of pigs and chickens in China, so as to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable addition of Mn to the diets. 【Method】 A total of 37 kinds of 3 922 feed samples from 31 provinces, municipalities and regions were digested by microwave, and then the Mn contents were measured by IRIS IntrepidⅡ plasma emission spectrometer. The feed samples fall into seven types: cereals (corn, wheat, rice and barley), cereal by-products (broken rice, wheat middling, wheat bran, rice bran, corn DDGS, wheat DDGS, corn germ meal and corn gluten meal), plant protein ingredients (extruded soybean, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal, linseed meal and sunflower seed meal), animal protein ingredients (fish meal, meat meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, dried porcine solubles, plasma protein powder and dried blood cells), straw ingredients (corn straw, sweet potato vine, rice straw and wheat straw), pasture ingredients (Leymus chinensis, ryegrass, alfalfa and corn silage) and mineral ingredients (limestone, dicalcium phosphate, oyster shell meal and bone meal). 【Result】 The results showed that the average Mn contents of these 37 kinds of feed ingredients ranged from 0.4 to 1 104.8 mg·kg ^-1, and the distribution regularities of Mn contents in different species of feed ingredients were as follows: mineral ingredients＞straw ingredients＞cereal by-productscpasture ingredients＞plant protein ingredients＞cereals＞animal protein ingredients. Among the same kind of feed samples, there were significant differences (P＜0.0003) in the Mn contents from all types of feed ingredients. In the cereals, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the rice (77.7 mg·kg ^-1) and corn (5.7 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the cereal by-products, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the rice bran (166.0 mg·kg ^-1) and corn gluten meal (4.6 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the plant protein ingredients, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the rapeseed meal (68.0 mg·kg ^-1) and cottonseed meal (27.0 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the animal protein ingredients, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the fish meal (48.5 mg·kg ^-1) and dried blood cells (0.4 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the straw ingredients, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the rice straw (458.1 mg·kg ^-1) and wheat straw (37.8 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the pasture feeds, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the Leymus chinensis (89.1 mg·kg ^-1) and alfalfa (33.0 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the mineral ingredients, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the dicalcium phosphate (1 104.8 mg·kg ^-1) and bone meal (16.9 mg·kg ^-1), respectively. Regional comparisons on a basis of provinces (regions) were made of Mn contents of corn, wheat and soybean meal, showing significant effects (P＜0.0004) of regional environments on Mn contents in corn and soybean meal. The highest and lowest Mn contents of corn were observed in Guizhou (7.9 mg·kg ^-1) and Inner Mongolia (4.2 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; the highest and lowest Mn contents of soybean meal were observed in Zhejiang province (48.3 mg·kg ^-1) and Guangdong province (34.4 mg·kg ^-1), respectively. Calculated Mn contents in basal diets from 142 common formulations of pigs and chickens in our country ranged from 14.4 to 32.1 mg·kg ^-1. According to Mn requirements of pigs and chickens from feeding standards of China and NRC of the United States, the Mn contents in the basal diets could provide about one-fourth and all the nutritional needs of recommended Mn requirements for pigs and chickens, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The above results showed that the Mn contents in feed ingredients varied greatly in different kinds and regions, and the Mn contents in basal diets from common formulations of pigs and chickens in our country could partly provide the nutritional requirements for chickens and the full needs of pigs. However, the bioavailabilities of Mn in different feed ingredients have not been considered in above evaluation. Therefore, the Mn contents in feed ingredients of different kinds and regions should be considered in the preparation of diets, so as to formulate the diets accurately and ensure efficient production of livestock and poultry and reduce supplemental Mn level and environmental pollution caused by Mn emission.

Key words: feedstuff, manganese content, pig, chicken

王传龙, 张丽阳, 刘国庆, 王丽赛, 杨柳, 邢冠中, 邵玉新, 马雪莲, 李素芬, 王良治, 刘元东, 吕林, 廖秀冬, 罗绪刚. 我国畜禽饲料资源中微量元素锰含量分布的调查[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(11): 1993-2001.

WANG ChuanLong, ZHANG LiYang, LIU GuoQing, WANG LiSai, YANG Liu, XING GuanZhong, SHAO YuXin, MA XueLian, LI SuFen, WANG LiangZhi, LIU YuanDong, LÜ Lin, LIAO XiuDong, LUO XuGang. A Survey on Distribution of Manganese Contents in Feedstuffs for Livestock and Poultry in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(11): 1993-2001.

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表7

我国部分省（区）玉米、小麦及豆粕中锰含量分布（风干基础）"

省（区）名 Name of provinces (Regions)	玉米锰含量 Mn contents of corn (mg·kg^-1)	省（区）名 Name of provinces (Regions)	小麦锰含量 Mn contents of wheat (mg·kg^-1)	省（区）名 Name of provinces (Regions)	豆粕锰含量 Mn contents of soybean meal (mg·kg^-1)
贵州 Guizhou	7.9±2.3(39)a	湖北 Hubei	51.0±5.0(8)	浙江 Zhejiang	48.3±5.7(12)a
山东 Shandong	6.1±0.2(54)b	新疆 Xinjiang	45.7±1.9(10)	陕西 Shaanxi	42.2±1.7(15)b
广西 Guangxi	5.8±0.2(36)b	陕西 Shaanxi	44.8±2.4(9)	河南 Henan	40.1±1.3(15)bc
安徽 Anhui	5.7±0.2(44)bc	河南 Henan	43.2±5.7(26)	内蒙古Inner Mongolia	39.2±1.4(30)bcd
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	5.6±0.2(78)bc	甘肃 Gansu	41.7±2.5(9)	河北 Hebei	38.9±0.8(27)bcd
河北 Hebei	5.5±0.2(55)bc	山东 Shandong	37.7±2.8(14)	辽宁 Liaoning	38.1±0.9(22)bcd
湖北 Hubei	5.3±0.2(38)bc	山西 Shanxi	37.6±2.1(14)	吉林 Jilin	38.1±1.9(11)bcd
甘肃 Gansu	5.3±0.7(42)bc	安徽 Anhui	36.9±2.9(14)	山东 Shandong	37.9±1.0(20)bcd
山西 Shanxi	5.2±0.1(83)bc	江苏 Jiangsu	36.2±2.9(16)	福建 Fujian	37.5±1.2(17)bcd
吉林 Jilin	5.2±0.1(60)bc	四川 Sichuan	31.9±2.1(8)	安徽 Anhui	37.0±1.0(18)cd
四川 Sichuan	5.1±0.1(44)bc	河北 Hebei	30.7±1.8(19)	湖北 Hubei	36.4±1.4(10)cd
新疆 Xinjiang	5.1±0.2(48)bc			黑龙江 Heilongjiang	35.5±0.6(50)cd
陕西Shaanxi	5.0±0.1(41)bc			江苏 Jiangsu	35.2±0.1(15)cd
辽宁 Liaoning	4.8±0.1(53)bc			广东 Guangdong	34.4±0.9(20)d
云南 Yunnan	4.7±0.1(27)bc
河南 Henan	4.7±0.1(54)bc
江苏 Jiangsu	4.6±0.1(46)bc
内蒙古Inner Mongolia	4.2±0.1(52)c
P值P value	0.0003	P值P value	0.0600	P值P value	<0.0001
总体平均值Total average	5.3	总体平均值Total average	39.2	总体平均值Total average	38.0

表7

表8

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样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锰含量 Mn contents (mg·kg^-1)
玉米 Corn	30	1191	5.7±0.4D
小麦 Wheat	28	251	40.0±1.6B
稻谷 Rice	30	207	77.7±4.3A
大麦 Barley	15	28	21.5±1.4C
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值 Total average			38.7
碎米 Broken rice	20	54	11.2±1.1c
次粉 Wheat middling	20	50	77.7±7.3b
小麦麸 Wheat bran	24	112	146.8±6.8c
米糠 Rice bran	22	122	166.0±12.4a
玉米DDGS Corn DDGS	13	96	18.2±0.7c
小麦 DDGS Wheat DDGS	4	16	67.1±19.1b
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal	7	49	13.8±1.9c
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal	17	90	4.6±0.7c
P值 P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			75.9

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锰含量 Mn contents (mg·kg^-1)
膨化大豆 Extruded soybean	13	109	31.4±0.8d
豆粕 Soybean meal	23	338	38.4±0.9bc
菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal	16	164	68.0±2.0a
棉粕 Cottonseed meal	13	105	27.0±4.2d
花生粕 Peanut meal	11	48	48.4±3.8bc
亚麻粕 Linseed meal	3	18	59.5±20.8ab
葵花粕 Sunflower seed meal	3	14	35.8±5.7d
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			44.5

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锰含量 Mn contents (mg·kg^-1)
鱼粉 Fish meal	14	57	48.5±14.3a
肉粉 Meat meal	12	24	20.9±7.5b
水解羽毛粉 Hydrolyzed feather meal	15	34	28.2±5.0ab
肠系膜蛋白粉 Dried porcine soluble	3	9	15.4±2.3b
血浆蛋白粉 Plasma protein powder	16	32	5.4±2.1b
血球蛋白粉 Dried blood cells	16	28	0.4±0.1b
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			19.6

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锰含量 Mn contents (mg·kg^-1)
玉米秸 Corn straw	30	84	52.0±6.0b
小麦秸 Wheat straw	23	55	37.8±5.6b
稻秸 Rice straw	29	84	458.1±56.0a
甘薯藤 Sweet potato vine	12	21	107.2±17.7b
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			180.8

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锰含量 Mn contents (mg·kg^-1)
羊草 Leymus chinensis	7	35	89.1±32.7a
黑麦草 Ryegrass	16	72	86.5±15.7a
苜蓿 Alfalfa	25	93	33.0±2.5b
青贮玉米 Corn silage	23	88	41.4±3.9b
P值P value			0.0002
总体平均值Total average			53.3

我国畜禽饲料资源中微量元素锰含量分布的调查

A Survey on Distribution of Manganese Contents in Feedstuffs for Livestock and Poultry in China

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样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锰含量 Mn contents (mg·kg^-1)
石粉 Limestone	18	64	118.3±21.6b
磷酸氢钙 Dicalcium phosphate	13	44	1104.8±240.2a
骨粉 Bone meal	15	27	16.9±2.0b
贝壳粉 Oyster shell meal	5	9	71.5±20.8b
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			335.4

饲料类型 Type of diet	猪Pigs		鸡Chickens
饲料类型 Type of diet	配方数 No. of formulas	含锰量 Mn contents (mg·kg^-1)	配方数 No. of formulas	含锰量 Mn contents (mg·kg^-1)
玉米-豆粕 Corn-soybean meal	25	23.7±1.6	22	17.2±0.3
玉米-油籽粕 Corn-oilseed meals	15	17.3±1.2	20	14.4±0.7
多谷-豆粕 Cereals-soybean meal	23	32.1±2.3	16	24.5±2.1
多谷-油籽粕 Cereals-oilseed meals	16	27.4±1.1	15	19.8±1.8

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