中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (9): 1846-1858.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.09.013
收稿日期:
2021-08-10
修回日期:
2021-11-01
出版日期:
2022-05-01
发布日期:
2022-05-19
通讯作者:
朱迎春
作者简介:
王吉,E-mail: 基金资助:
WANG Ji(),ZHANG Xin,HU JingRong,YU ZhiHui,ZHU YingChun*(
)
Received:
2021-08-10
Revised:
2021-11-01
Online:
2022-05-01
Published:
2022-05-19
Contact:
YingChun ZHU
摘要:
【目的】筛选具有较强脂质水解能力和抗氧化能力的发酵菌株,为研发新型发酵剂提供理论基础。【方法】在无菌猪肉浆体系中分别接种木糖葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus xylosus)YSZ11、YCC3,腐生葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus saprophyticus)YCC2,巨球菌(Macrococcus caseolyticus)YZC2、YZC3,并设立不接种发酵菌株为对照组(CK),测定发酵4 d内猪肉浆pH、过氧化值(peroxide value,POV)、硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS)值、脂肪酶活力、脂质组成和游离脂肪酸含量的变化。【结果】5株发酵菌株均可以降低猪肉浆体系的pH,POV和TBARS值分别为2.51—2.96 mmol·kg-1和0.21—0.24 mg/100 g,显著低于CK组(P<0.05)。在5组接种发酵菌株的猪肉浆中检测到了中性脂肪酶、酸性脂肪酶和磷脂酶3种酶活力,且后两者活性较高。发酵4 d后,接种发酵菌株组的磷脂含量显著降低(P<0.05),游离脂肪酸含量增加了21.1%—73.7%,其中饱和脂肪酸总量显著降低,不饱和脂肪酸含量显著增加,尤其是棕榈油酸(C16:1)、油酸(C18:1)和亚油酸(C18:2)含量较高,并检测到亚麻酸(C18:3)。【结论】本试验中的5株菌株均可抑制脂质的氧化,同时可以分泌脂肪酶促进脂质的水解,增加游离脂肪酸特别是不饱和脂肪酸的含量。其中,腐生葡萄球菌YCC2和木糖葡萄球菌YCC3脂质水解和抗氧化能力较好,对改善发酵肉制品的品质具有更明显的促进作用。
王吉,张鑫,胡静荣,于智慧,朱迎春. 灭菌猪肉浆中发酵菌株脂质水解和氧化能力分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(9): 1846-1858.
WANG Ji,ZHANG Xin,HU JingRong,YU ZhiHui,ZHU YingChun. Analysis of Lipolysis and Oxidation Ability of Fermentation Strains in Sterilized Pork Pulp[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(9): 1846-1858.
表1
猪肉浆发酵过程中脂质组成的变化"
发酵初始 Initial fermentation (0 d) | 发酵终点 End of fermentation (4 d) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | YSZ11 | YCC2 | YCC3 | YZC2 | YZC3 | ||
中性脂质 Neutral lipid | 80.3±0.71A | 79.4±0.72Aa | 79.2±0.84Aa | 79.9±0.66Aa | 79.2±0.89Aa | 79.2±0.77Aa | 79.1±0.73Aa |
磷脂 Phospholipid | 16.1±0.25A | 15.7±0.05Aa | 15.3±0.01Bb | 13.1±0.08Bc | 13.7±0.06Bc | 14.1±0.17Bb | 14.2±0.13Bb |
游离脂肪酸 Free fatty acid | 3.6±0.10A | 3.8±0.05Ac | 5.2±0.04Bb | 6.6±0.14Ba | 6.0±0.12Ba | 4.7±0.12Bb | 4.6±0.05Bb |
表2
猪肉浆发酵结束时游离脂肪酸的组成"
脂肪酸 Fatty acid | CK | YCC2 | YCC3 | YZC2 | YZC3 | YSZ11 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C8:0 | 0.02±0.00a | 0.02±0.00a | 0.02±0.00a | 0.02±0.00a | 0.02±0.000a | 0.02±0.00a |
C10:0 | 0.22±0.00a | 0.23±0.01a | 0.23±0.01a | 0.18±0.00b | 0.15±0.00c | 0.17±0.01b |
C12:0 | 0.20±0.00c | 0.21±0.01bc | 0.26±0.01a | 0.18±0.00d | 0.15±0.00e | 0.22±0.01b |
C14:0 | 4.53±0.26a | 3.55±0.31c | 3.99±0.40b | 3.03±0.16e | 2.96±0.26e | 3.21±0.32d |
C15:0 | 0.07±0.00d | 0.09±0.00c | 0.12±0.01b | 0.06±0.00d | 0.01±0.00e | 0.52±0.02a |
C16:0 | 24.97±1.62a | 22.82±0.76c | 22.32±0.68c | 24.90±1.35a | 23.80±1.14b | 23.45±0.60b |
C17:0 | 0.47±0.10c | 0.61±0.14b | 0.89±0.16a | 0.39±0.08d | 0.45±0.30c | 0.51±0.10c |
C18:0 | 17.54±1.12a | 15.77±0.84e | 16.09±0.66c | 16.58±0.64b | 16.08±1.02d | 16.47±1.26b |
C20:0 | 0.45±0.02c | 0.49±0.02b | 0.75±0.01a | 0.37±0.02e | 0.41±0.02d | 0.44±0.01c |
C21:0 | - | 0.01±0.00a | 0.01±0.00a | - | - | - |
C22:0 | - | - | 0.02±0.00a | - | - | 0.01±0.00a |
SFA | 48.48±2.64a | 43.80±2.62d | 44.86±1.68c | 45.71±1.94ab | 44.03±2.07d | 45.32±1.44b |
C14:1 | 0.08±0.00b | 0.08±0.00b | 0.10±0.01a | 0.03±0.00d | 0.06±0.00c | 0.03±0.00d |
C16:1 | 5.76±0.38c | 6.46±0.12b | 8.16±0.22a | 5.03±0.10e | 5.05±0.14e | 5.27±0.10d |
C18:1n9t | 28.13±0.18d | 30.67±0.14a | 28.98±0.22c | 29.16±0.18b | 27.15±0.20e | 27.15±0.16e |
C18:1n9c | 0.41±0.01e | 0.33±0.10f | 0.65±0.01d | 1.83±0.08c | 5.06±0.14a | 2.26±0.20b |
MUFA | 34.38±3.04d | 37.54±2.46a | 37.88±0.10a | 36.04±1.22b | 37.31±1.84a | 35.20±0.01c |
C18:2n6t | 0.02±0.00e | - | 0.34±0.01a | 0.14±0.00d | 0.19±0.00c | 0.22±0.01b |
C18:2n6c | 16.59±0.86e | 18.12±0.64b | 16.88±1.02d | 17.66±0.08c | 17.89±0.08bc | 18.56±0.10a |
C18:3n3 | - | - | 0.01±0.00a | - | 0.01±0.00a | - |
C20:4n6 | 0.51±0.01b | 0.51±0.02b | 0.01±0.00d | 0.45±0.01c | 0.56±0.03a | 0.43±0.02c |
C22:6n3 | 0.01±0.00b | - | 0.02±0.00a | 0.01±0.00b | 0.01±0.00b | 0.01±0.00b |
PUFA | 17.12±0.14e | 18.65±1.02b | 17.25±0.01d | 18.25±0.84c | 18.66±0.62b | 19.48±1.22a |
UFA | 51.50±2.02d | 56.19±1.84a | 55.14±1.94b | 54.29±1.76c | 55.98±2.38a | 54.68±2.06c |
UFA/SAF | 1.15±0.04d | 1.28±0.02a | 1.23±0.03b | 1.19±0.02bc | 1.27±0.01a | 1.21±0.02c |
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