南方稻区优良食味与高产协同的单季晚粳稻品种特点研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.02.003

中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 215-227.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.02.003

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

南方稻区优良食味与高产协同的单季晚粳稻品种特点研究

胡蕾,朱盈,徐栋,陈志峰,胡兵强,韩超,裘实,吴培,张洪程(),魏海燕()

1扬州大学/江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2018-08-20 接受日期:2018-12-04 出版日期:2019-01-16 发布日期:2019-01-21
通讯作者: 张洪程,魏海燕
作者简介:胡蕾,E-mail： 1533710521@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300503);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2016344);国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01-27);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(CARS-01-27)

Characteristics of Good Taste and High Yield Type of Single Cropping Late Japonica Rice in Southern China

HU Lei,ZHU Ying,XU Dong,CHEN ZhiFeng,HU BingQiang,HAN Chao,QIU Shi,WU Pei,ZHANG HongCheng(),WEI HaiYan()

Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu

Received:2018-08-20 Accepted:2018-12-04 Online:2019-01-16 Published:2019-01-21
Contact: HongCheng ZHANG,HaiYan WEI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】旨在探究南方稻区不同食味值水平和产量类型单季晚粳稻产量与品质的差异,阐明南方稻区优良食味与高产协同的单季晚粳品种所具有的特征特性。【方法】本文以南方稻区48个单季晚粳为材料,根据产量和食味值将其分为味优高产、味优中产、味中高产和味中中产4种类型,以实际生产需求为依据,选用味优高产、味优中产和味中高产3种类型进行产量和品质的比较研究。【结果】味优高产类型的食味值比味中高产类型高26.69%,且味优类型食味值中的外观、黏度和平衡度分别比味中类型高出38.81%、36.30%和37.40%。与味中高产类型相比,味优高产类型的糙米率、整精米率与垩白粒率、垩白度分别高0.34%、7.13%、40.39%和47.56%;胶稠度长度长19.92%;直链淀粉、蛋白质含量低37.67%和33.08%。与味优中产类型相比,味优高产类型的每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重、灌浆结实期的日照时数、成穗率以及抽穗至成熟阶段生物积累量占总生物量的比例分别高4.47%、3.29%、5.72%、16.25%、11.09%、21.49%;叶面积衰减率低13.51%。抽穗至成熟阶段,味优高产的群体生长率、净同化率和光合势比味优中产分别高出24.46%、14.62%和19.01%。【结论】南方优良食味与高产协同的单季晚粳品种的特征为加工品质达国标1级;透明度等级在3级;垩白粒率和垩白度分别在50%—85%与20%—35%;直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量与胶稠度长度分别在10.0%、8.0%与90.0 mm左右;RVA谱特征值中消减值在-500cP以下,回复值在550 cP—650 cP。产量构成中,味优高产类型品种的结实率在90.0%左右;千粒重在25.0 g以上;且在抽穗前期保持适宜的干物质积累,在抽穗期以后保证叶面积指数、干物质积累量及其所占全生育期的积累比例有较高的水平。

关键词: 南方稻区, 单季晚粳, 优良食味, 高产

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to explore the differences in the yield and quality of the single cropping late japonica rice between different levels of taste value and the types of yield in southern China, and to elucidate the characteristics of good taste and high yield varieties in southern China. 【Method】 48 single cropping late japonica rice varieties were used as materials in the article, and they were divided into four types of good taste and high yield, good taste and medium yield, medium taste and high yield, medium taste and medium yield according to the yield and taste value. In order to reveal the characteristics of single cropping late japonica rice varieties with good taste and high yield in southern China, three types of good taste and high yield, good taste and medium yield, medium taste and high yield were selected for comparative study of yield and quality according to the actual production demands. 【Result】 The comprehensive of the type of good taste and high yield was 26.69% higher than the type of medium taste and high yield. Appearance, viscosity and balance degree indexes in comprehensive were 38.81%, 36.30% and 37.40% higher than the type of medium taste, respectively. The results showed that, the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head milled rice rate, chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree of the type of good taste and high yield were 0.34%, 6.92%, 7.13%, 40.39% and 47.56% higher than that of the type of good taste and medium yield, respectively. The length of the gel consistency of the type of good taste and high yield was 19.92% longer than the type of medium taste and high yield, while the amylose and protein content of that were 37.67% and 33.08% lower, respectively. Compared with the type of good taste and medium yield, the proportions of the number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, sunshine duration during the grain filling period, earing rate, grain density, and the bioaccumulation from heading to maturity accounted for the total biomass of the type of good taste and high yield were 4.47%, 3.29%, 5.72%, 16.25%, 11.09%, 15.89% and 21.49% higher, respectively, while the decreasing rate of leaf area was 13.51% lower. In the period from heading to maturity, good taste and high yield type’s crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and photosynthetic potential were 24.46%, 14.62% and 19.01% higher than that of good taste and medium yield type, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Good taste and high yield type of single cropping late japonica rice had the following characteristics: The milling quality had reached the first level of Chinese standard; The transparency level was 3; The chalkiness rate and the chalkiness degree were between 50% to 85%, and 20% to 35%, respectively; The content of amylose and protein were around 10.0% and 8.0%, respectively; The length of gel consistency was over 90 mm; The setback was below -500cP and the consistence was between 550cP and 650cP. The seed setting rate of the good taste and high yield type was about 90.0%, the 1000-grain weight had more than 25.0 g. It was also important to maintain the suitable dry matter accumulation in the early stage of heading period, and to ensure the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and the proportion of the total growth period with high levels after the heading period.

Key words: southern rice area, single cropping late japonica rice, good taste quality, high yield

胡蕾,朱盈,徐栋,陈志峰,胡兵强,韩超,裘实,吴培,张洪程,魏海燕. 南方稻区优良食味与高产协同的单季晚粳稻品种特点研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(2): 215-227.

HU Lei,ZHU Ying,XU Dong,CHEN ZhiFeng,HU BingQiang,HAN Chao,QIU Shi,WU Pei,ZHANG HongCheng,WEI HaiYan. Characteristics of Good Taste and High Yield Type of Single Cropping Late Japonica Rice in Southern China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(2): 215-227.

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时间 Year	指标 Index	变幅大小 Variable amplitude	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 CV (%)
2016	食味值Comprehensive	30.00-74.00	60.50	8.90	14.71
2016	产量Yield (t·hm^-2)	6.30-10.70	8.50	0.94	11.06
2017	食味值Comprehensive	31.00-71.00	57.00	6.83	11.98
2017	产量Yield (t·hm^-2)	6.14-10.08	8.36	0.94	11.24

品种类型 Type	品种数量 Number	品种名称 Cultivar	食味值 Comprehensive		产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)
品种类型 Type	品种数量 Number	品种名称 Cultivar	均值 Mean	变幅 Variable amplitude	均值 Mean	变幅Variable amplitude
味优高产 GH	12	南粳46 Nanjing46、宁9024 Ning9024、武5798 Wu5798、南粳5055 Nanjing5055、苏香粳100 Suxiangjing100、宁9051 Ning9051、武6613 Wu6613、宁粳011 Ningjing011、常软07-7 Changruan07-7、武运粳30号Wuyunjing30、武运粳23号Wuyunjing23、常农粳10号Changnongjing10	68.00	64.00-73.00	8.40	8.08-8.79
味优中产 GM	17	宁9044 Ning9044、苏1707 Su1707、常粳16-2 Changjing16-2、扬粳103 Yangjing103、常农粳10号Changnongjing10、常软07-10 Changruan07-10、苏2250 Su2250、嘉58 Jia58、苏2110 Su2110、宁3908 Ning3908、武运5403 Wuyun5403、常软06-2 Changruan06-2、嘉67 Jia67、W328 W328、镇稻18号Zhendao18、武粳222 Wujing222、宁粳038 Ningjing038	67.00	64.00-71.00	7.61	7.08-7.86
味中高产 MH	10	武粳215 Wujing215、武运粳2917 Wuyunjing2917、杂粳14-6 Zajing14-6、淮香粳15号Huaixiangjing15、N11-47、宁5913 Ning5913、常农粳8号Changnongjing8、武6592 Wu6592、武运粳31号 Wuyunjing31、嘉14-10 Jia14-10	55.00	49.00-62.00	9.21	8.63-10.08
味中中产 BM	9	嘉禾218 Jiahe218、苏粳9号Sujing9、沪粳163 Hujing163、沪粳137 Hujing137、绍粳18 Shaojing18、浙粳99 Zhejing99、苏05-1176 Su05-1176、常粳13-9 Changjing13-9、香血粳515 Xiangxuejing515	55.00	31.00-62.00	7.55	6.14-8.00

品种类型 Type	品种名称 Cultivar	食味值 Comprehensive	外观 Appearance	硬度 Hardness	黏度 Viscosity	平衡度 Balance degree
味优高产 GH	南粳46 Nanjing46	72.3	7.1	6.2	6.8	6.9
	苏香粳100 Suxiangjing100	71.8	7.1	6.4	7.0	6.9
	常软07-7 Changruan07-7	69.7	6.3	7.7	6.6	6.1
	平均值 Mean	71.2a	6.8a	6.8a	6.8a	6.6a
味优中产 GM	宁9044 Ning9044	71.3	7.0	6.4	6.8	6.8
	苏2250 Su2250	69.5	6.6	6.8	7	6.5
	嘉67 Jia67	69.0	6.2	7.2	6.4	6.2
	平均值 Mean	69.9a	6.6a	6.8a	6.7a	6.5a
味中高产 MH	常农粳8号 Changnongjing8	51.3	3.7	7.9	4	3.6
	淮香粳15号 Huaixiangjing15	52.0	4.2	6.6	4.3	4.2
	武粳215 Wujing215	53.3	4.5	6.5	4.5	4.4
	平均值 Mean	52.2b	4.1b	7.0a	4.3b	4.1b

品种类型 Type	品种名称 Cultivar	糙米率 Brown rice (%)	精米率 Milled rice (%)	整精米率 Head milled rice (%)	长宽比 (L/W)	透明度 Transparency	垩白粒率 CR (%)	垩白度 CD (%)
味优高产 GH	南粳46 Nanjing46	84.95	76.14	64.87	1.74	3	69.07	30.44
	苏香粳100 Suxiangjing100	84.99	76.90	63.10	1.73	3	71.39	27.86
	常软07-7 Changruan07-7	85.17	75.47	63.38	1.72	3	56.61	19.68
	平均值 Mean	85.04a	76.17a	63.78a	1.73a	3a	65.69a	25.99a
味优中产 GM	宁9044 Ning9044	85.15	74.71	63.72	1.71	3	83.27	34.72
	苏2250 Su2250	84.39	73.69	64.22	1.78	3	68.85	29.24
	嘉67 Jia67	84.96	72.00	63.09	1.82	2	51.36	18.95
	平均值 Mean	84.83a	73.47a	63.68a	1.77a	3a	67.83a	27.63a
味中高产 MH	常农粳8号 Changnongjing8	85.05	72.36	58.08	1.86	1	46.61	17.07
	淮香粳15号 Huaixiangjing15	84.63	71.34	58.66	2.01	1	35.93	10.78
	武粳215 Wujing215	84.57	69.00	53.37	1.63	2	34.94	13.05
	平均值 Mean	84.75a	70.9b	56.70b	1.83a	1a	39.16b	13.63b

品种类型 Type	品种名称 Cultivar	直链淀粉含量 AC (%)	蛋白质含量 PC (%)	胶稠度长度 GC (mm)
味优高产 GH	南粳46 Nanjing46	10.55	8.10	90.39
	苏香粳100 Suxiangjing100	9.11	8.65	88.94
	常软07-7 Changruan07-7	10.08	8.85	95.86
	平均值 Mean	9.91b	8.53b	91.73a
味优中产 GM	宁9044 Ning9044	10.26	8.45	87.64
	苏2250 Su2250	10.45	8.65	88.51
	嘉67 Jia67	11.20	8.20	90.24
	平均值 Mean	10.64b	8.43b	88.80a
味中高产 MH	常农粳8号 Changnongjing8	15.16	9.07	73.15
	淮香粳15号 Huaixiangjing15	17.46	9.31	70.68
	武粳215 Wujing215	15.07	9.04	76.55
	平均值 Mean	15.90a	9.14a	73.46b

南方稻区优良食味与高产协同的单季晚粳稻品种特点研究

Characteristics of Good Taste and High Yield Type of Single Cropping Late Japonica Rice in Southern China

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品种类型 Type	品种名称 Cultivar	峰值黏度 Peak viscosity (cP)	热浆黏度 Through viscosity (cP)	崩解值 Break- down (cP)	最终黏度 Final viscosity (cP)	消减值 Setback (cP)	回复值 Consistence (cP)
味优高产 GH	南粳46 Nanjing46	2419	1269	1150	1899	-521	630
	苏香粳100 Suxiangjing100	2356	1226	1131	1857	-503	632
	常软07-7 Changruan07-7	2364	1242	1122	1813	-552	571
	平均值 Mean	2380a	1246a	1134a	1856a	-525b	611a
味优中产 GM	宁9044 Ning9044	2403	1198	1206	1841	-563	643
	苏2250 Su2250	2321	1334	987	1884	-437	550
	嘉67 Jia67	2335	1120	1215	1891	-444	771
	平均值 Mean	2353a	1217a	1136a	1872a	-481b	654a
味中高产 MH	常农粳8号 Changnongjing8	1911	1023	889	1800	-111	778
	淮香粳15号 Huaixiangjing15	2088	1214	874	1823	-265	609
	武粳215 Wujing215	2074	978	1096	1844	-230	866
	平均值 Mean	2024b	1072a	953a	1822a	-202a	751a

品种类型 Type	品种名称 Cultivar	穗数 Panicle (×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 SP	结实率 PF (%)	千粒重 1000-GW (g)	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)	成穗率 RPTT (%)
味优高产 GH	南粳46 Nanjing46	310.89	124.20	91.85	25.77	9.12	75.22
	苏香粳100 Suxiangjing100	315.78	115.90	90.36	27.50	9.06	75.16
	常软07-7 Changruan07-7	304.00	132.75	89.32	26.42	9.47	73.88
	平均值 Mean	310.22a	124.28ab	90.51a	26.56a	9.22b	74.75b
味优中产 GM	宁9044 Ning9044	309.66	115.25	86.36	24.63	7.53	67.96
	苏2250 Su2250	305.66	120.20	87.69	24.86	7.90	66.43
	嘉67 Jia67	307.83	120.70	88.54	25.63	8.24	64.98
	平均值 Mean	307.72a	118.72b	87.53b	25.04a	7.89c	66.46c
味中高产 MH	常农粳8号 Changnongjing8	320.56	128.32	90.55	26.60	9.71	78.51
	淮香粳15号 Huaixiangjing15	316.67	136.80	89.96	25.40	9.75	77.13
	武粳215 Wujing215	311.25	153.50	89.44	23.95	10.10	77.71
	平均值 Mean	316.16a	139.54a	89.98ab	25.32a	9.85a	77.78a

品种类型 Type	品种名称 Cultivar	生育期 Growth period			灌浆结实期温光 Temperature and light in grain filling period
品种类型 Type	品种名称 Cultivar	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	日平均温度 Mean daily temperature (℃)	积温 Accumulated temperature (℃)	降雨量 Rainfall (mm)	日照时数 Sunshine hours (h)
味优高产 GH	南粳46 Nanjing46	8.1	8.29	11.3	19.3	623.1	328.3	289.6
	苏香粳100 Suxiangjing100	7.31	8.29	11.1	19.6	624.0	328.3	271.4
	常软07-7 Changruan07-7	7.29	8.26	11.1	20.4	738.4	330.3	308.5
	平均值 Mean	—	—	—	19.8a	661.8a	329.0a	289.8a
味优中产 GM	宁9044 Ning9044	7.26	8.26	10.25	21.0	660.0	328.3	236.3
	苏2250 Su2250	8.2	8.29	10.28	20.3	618.0	328.3	230.7
	嘉67 Jia67	8.8	9.3	11.3	19.4	590.5	325	261.1
	平均值 Mean	—	—	—	20.2a	622.8a	327.2a	242.7b
味中高产 MH	常农粳8号 Changnongjing8	7.29	8.27	10.27	20.8	661.0	328.3	233.3
	淮香粳15号 Huaixiangjing15	7.29	8.26	10.25	21.1	668.0	328.3	227.5
	武粳215 Wujing215	7.30	8.25	10.23	21.4	693.7	330.3	226.6
	平均值 Mean	—	—	—	21.1a	674.2a	329.0a	229.1b

品种类型 Type	品种名称 Cultivar	播种-拔节S-J		拔节-抽穗J-H		抽穗-成熟H-M
品种类型 Type	品种名称 Cultivar	积累量 Biomass (t·hm^-2)	所占比例 RBT (%)	积累量 Biomass (t·hm^-2)	所占比例 RBT (%)	积累量 Biomass (t·hm^-2)	所占比例 RBT (%)
味优高产 GH	南粳46 Nanjing46	4.35	23.63	7.2	39.11	6.86	37.26
	苏香粳100 Suxiangjing100	4.46	24.07	7.13	38.48	6.94	37.45
	常软07-7 Changruan07-7	4.37	23.11	6.99	36.96	7.55	39.93
	平均值 Mean	4.39b	23.60b	7.11a	38.18b	7.12b	38.21a
味优中产 GM	宁9044 Ning9044	4.33	28.01	6.52	42.17	4.61	29.82
	苏2250 Su2250	4.28	27.76	6.49	42.09	4.65	30.16
	嘉67 Jia67	4.13	27.03	6.56	42.93	4.59	30.04
	平均值 Mean	4.25b	27.60a	6.52b	42.40c	4.62c	30.00b
味中高产 MH	常农粳8号 Changnongjing8	5.15	25.43	7.2	35.56	7.9	39.01
	淮香粳15号 Huaixiangjing15	5.13	25.07	6.9	33.72	8.43	41.2
	武粳215 Wujing215	5.32	26.07	7.1	34.79	7.99	39.15
	平均值 Mean	5.20a	25.52c	7.07a	34.69a	8.11a	39.79a

品种类型 Type	品种名称 Cultivar	群体生长率 Crop growth rate (g·m^-2·d^-1)			净同化率 Net assimilation rate (g·m^-2·d^-1)			光合势 Photosynthetic potential (×10⁴·m²·d·hm^-2)
品种类型 Type	品种名称 Cultivar	播种-拔节 S-J	拔节-抽穗 J-H	抽穗-成熟 H-M	播种-拔节 S-J	拔节-抽穗 J-H	抽穗-成熟 H-M	播种-拔节 S-J	拔节-抽穗 J-H	抽穗-成熟 H-M
味优高产 GH	南粳46 Nanjing46	6.34	21.90	11.51	2.25	4.34	2.72	122.36	150.71	307.58
	苏香粳100 Suxiangjing100	6.61	21.10	11.48	2.36	4.20	2.61	116.80	156.10	308.10
	常软07-7 Changruan07-7	6.67	23.77	10.51	2.42	4.90	2.46	105.10	131.90	329.70
	平均值 Mean	6.54b	22.26b	11.16b	2.34b	4.48b	2.60b	114.8a	146.2a	315.1a
味优中产 GM	宁9044 Ning9044	6.56	23.15	8.52	2.30	4.62	2.22	126.30	133.10	254.40
	苏2250 Su2250	6.29	22.56	8.42	2.23	4.59	2.20	123.90	136.30	254.20
	嘉67 Jia67	5.58	23.31	8.34	1.97	4.65	2.23	138.70	133.60	257.00
	平均值 Mean	6.15b	23.01b	8.43c	2.17b	4.62ab	2.22c	129.6a	134.3a	255.2c
味中高产 MH	常农粳8号 Changnongjing8	8.36	24.14	13.98	2.98	4.84	3.30	115.00	149.40	279.60
	淮香粳15号 Huaixiangjing15	8.17	24.64	13.88	2.91	4.93	3.16	114.00	144.70	282.40
	武粳215 Wujing215	8.34	26.23	13.85	2.98	5.23	3.19	114.50	135.10	277.30
	平均值 Mean	8.29a	25.00a	13.90a	2.96a	5.00a	3.22a	114.50a	143.00a	279.80b

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品种类型 Type	品种名称 Cultivar	叶面积指数LAI			抽穗期高效叶面积指数 HELAI	叶面积衰减率 DRLA (LAI·d^-1)
品种类型 Type	品种名称 Cultivar	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	抽穗期高效叶面积指数 HELAI	叶面积衰减率 DRLA (LAI·d^-1)
味优高产 GH	南粳46 Nanjing46	3.65	6.74	2.44	3.15	0.0642
	苏香粳100 Suxiangjing100	3.54	6.87	2.62	3.11	0.0654
	常软07-7 Changruan07-7	3.29	6.86	2.43	3.12	0.0624
	平均值 Mean	3.49b	6.82a	2.49a	3.13a	0.0640b
味优中产 GM	宁9044 Ning9044	3.83	6.41	2.07	2.63	0.0724
	苏2250 Su2250	3.64	6.45	2.02	2.77	0.0738
	嘉67 Jia67	3.75	6.53	1.90	2.55	0.0760
	平均值 Mean	3.74a	6.46b	2.00b	2.65b	0.0740a
味中高产 MH	常农粳8号 Changnongjing8	3.59	6.71	2.46	2.82	0.0696
	淮香粳15号 Huaixiangjing15	3.56	6.77	2.64	2.70	0.0688
	武粳215 Wujing215	3.52	6.87	2.53	2.68	0.0736
	平均值 Mean	3.56ab	6.78a	2.55a	2.73b	0.0706a