镁锌肥追施时期对优良食味粳稻产量及品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】旨在研究不同时期追施镁锌肥对优良食味粳稻产量和稻米品质的影响，以期为优良食味粳稻保优调优栽培提供理论依据与技术参考。【方法】大田试验条件下，以优良食味粳稻南粳9108和南粳505为材料，于基肥、蘖肥、穗肥时期分别设置镁肥单施、锌肥单施和镁锌配施处理，并设置不施镁锌肥为CK，研究优质食味粳稻产量和稻米品质对不同时期追施镁锌肥的响应特征。【结果】随追施时期的延迟，追施镁肥处理的产量呈上升趋势，追施锌肥处理的产量呈下降趋势，而镁锌配施处理的产量则呈先下降后上升的趋势。与CK相比，穗肥时期追施镁肥和镁锌配施产量显著提高，且镁锌配施处理产量最高。穗肥时期镁锌配施处理高产的主要原因是增加了单位面积穗数，提高了千粒重，每穗粒数和结实率减少，但最终颖花量仍显著提高。对稻米品质而言，蘖肥和穗肥时期追施锌肥可以改善稻米加工品质。穗肥时期追施镁肥，加工品质和外观品质得到显著改善，蛋白质含量、消减值减少，直链淀粉含量、崩解值增加，最终黏度显著下降，食味值变优；穗肥时期镁锌配施利于加工品质和营养品质改善，但外观品质、蒸煮食味品质等指标有变劣趋势，淀粉RVA谱中最高黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值显著降低，消减值、糊化温度显著提高。【结论】优良食味粳稻穗肥时期追施镁肥具有提高产量和优化稻米品质的作用，可能是保优调优栽培途径之一。

关键词: 优良食味粳稻, 镁锌肥, 施肥时期, 产量, 米质

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of topdressing magnesium and zinc microelement fertilizers at different periods on grain yield and quality of japonica rice with good eating quality. The results could provide a theoretical basis for optimum cultivation of japonica rice with good eating quality. 【Method】Japonica rice with good eating quality including Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 505 were adopted as test materials. The effects of microelement fertilizer (Mg fertilizer, Zn fertilizer, and Mg-Zn mixed fertilizer) topdressing at different fertilizing stages (basic fertilizer stage, tillering stage, and panicle initiation stage) on the grain yield and rice quality were studied, and set no magnesium zinc fertilizer treatment as CK. 【Result】With the delay of fertilization time, the topdressing Mg fertilizer treatments increased rice grain yield, while the treatments of topdressing Zn fertilizer showed the opposite trend, the grain yield of topdressing mixed Mg-Zn fertilizer decreased first and then increased. Compared with CK , the yield were increased significantly when topdressing Mg fertilizer and mixed Mg-Zn fertilizer at panicle initiation stage, and the highest yield were obtained with mixed Mg-Zn fertilizer. Although the spikelets number per panicle and seed setting rate were decreased with mixed Mg-Zn fertilizer topdressing at panicle initiation stage, the 1000-grain weight and the total spikelets were increased. The process quality was improved with Zn fertilizer topdressed at tillering or panicle initiation stage. With Mg fertilizer topdressed at panicle initiation stage, both the process and the appearance quality were significantly increased. And the best tasting quality was achieved with the lowest protein content and setback value, and with the highest amylose content and breakdown value. Compared with the treatment of topdressing Mg at panicle initiation, although the process quality could be improved with the mixed Mg and Zn, the quality of appearance, tasting and nutrition were deteriorated because of the decreased peak viscosity, trough viscosity and breakdown, and the increased setback and pasting temperature.【Conclusion】Therefore, the topdressing of Mg at panicle initiation stage could not only increase the grain yield, but also improve the rain quality of rice, which could be one of the best ways to optimize rice quality in the high yield production.

Key words: japonica rice with good taste quality, magnesium and zinc microelement fertilizer, fertilization time, yield, quality of rice

李军，肖丹丹，邓先亮，朱大伟，邢志鹏，胡雅杰，崔培媛，郭保卫，魏海燕，张洪程. 镁锌肥追施时期对优良食味粳稻产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(8): 1448-1463.

LI Jun, XIAO DanDan, DENG XianLiang, ZHU DaWei, XING ZhiPeng, HU YaJie, CUI PeiYuan, GUO BaoWei, WEI HaiYan, ZHANG HongCheng. Effects of Topdressing Magnesium and Zinc Fertilizers at Different Periods on Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice with Good Eating Quality[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(8): 1448-1463.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.003

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2018/V51/I8/1448

参考文献

[1] 吴志辉, 汤海涛. 微肥对作物产量和品质的影响. 湖南农业科学, 1999(2): 43-43.

WU Z H, TANG H T. Effect of microelement fertilizer on yield and quality of crops. Hunan Agricultural Sciences, 1999(2): 43-43. (in Chinese)

[2] 郭九信, 隋标, 商庆银, 胡香玉, 廖文强, 郭世伟. 氮锌互作对水稻产量及籽粒氮、锌含量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(6): 1336-1342.

GUO J X, SUI B, SHANG Q Y, HU X Y, LIAO W Q, GUO S W. Effects of N and Zn interaction on yield and contents of N and Zn in grains of rice. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2012, 18(6): 1336-1342. (in Chinese)

[3] 周立军, 李娓, 张玉烛, 谢建红. 钙镁硫对优质早稻产量和米质的影响. 湖南农业科学, 2001(2): 21-23.

ZHOU L J, LI W, ZHANG Y Z, XIE J H. Effects of calcium magnesium sulfur on yield and grain quality of early rice. Hunan Agricultural Sciences, 2001(2): 21-23. (in Chinese)

[4] 李晓鸣. 矿质镁对水稻产量及品质影响的研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2002, 8(1):125-126.

LI X M. Study on the effect of magnesium on yield and qualities of rice. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2002, 8(1): 125-126. (in Chinese)

[5] 杨帆. 氮锌配施对冬小麦锌吸收利用及产量的影响[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2013.

YANG F. Interactive effects of nitrogen and zinc fertilizers on absorption of zinc, grain yield in winter wheat[D]. Zhengzhou: Henan Agricultural University, 2013. (in Chinese)

[6] 胡时友, 刘凯, 马朝红, 郭智慧, 张晓明. 中微量元素肥料配合施用对水稻产量和品质的影响. 农村经济与科技, 2016, 27(23): 84-86.

HU S Y, LIU K, MA C H, GUO Z H, ZHANG X M. Effects of combined application of medium and trace elements fertilizer on yield and quality of rice. Rural Economy and Science and Technology, 2016, 27(23): 84-86. (in Chinese)

[7] 黄炳成, 陈培党. 锌肥肥效对水稻生长的影响. 现代农业科技, 2015(4): 23-26.

HUANG B C, CHENG P D. Effect of zinc fertilizer on rice growth. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2015(4): 23-26. (in Chinese)

[8] 郭九信, 廖文强, 孙玉明, 郭俊杰, 孔亚丽, 石佑华, 徐爱群, 张居翠, 郭世伟. 锌肥施用方法对水稻产量及籽粒氮锌含量的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2014, 28(2): 185-192.

GUO J X, LIAO W Q, SUN Y M, GUO J J, KONG Y L, SHI Y H, XU A Q, ZHANG J C, GUO S W. Effects of Zn fertilize application methods on yield and contents of N and Zn in grains of rice. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2014, 28(2): 185-192. (in Chinese)

[9] 龚玉琴, 杨金明, 白锦红, 冯伟宁, 徐志霞. 硅、硫、锌、锰肥配施对水稻品质及产量的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2004(6): 17-24.

GONG Y Q, YANG J M, BAI J H, FENG W N, XU Z X. Effects of Si, S, Zn, Mn fertilizers combined application on quality and yield of rice. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China. 2004(6): 17-24. (in Chinese)

[10] 马艳, 郑桂萍, 赵洋, 蔡永盛, 李丹丹, 郑悦, 潘世驹, 胡法龙, 李晓蕾. 硫酸镁对水稻光合特性和品质的影响. 黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2014, 26(6): 1-6.

MA Y, ZHENG G P, ZHAO Y, CAI Y S, LI D D, ZHENG Y, PAN S J, HU F L, LI X L. Effects of magnesium sulfate on photosynthetic characteristics and quality of rice. Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 2014, 26(6): 1-6. (in Chinese)

[11] 聂录, 林玉萍, 张少波. 镁肥对水稻产量和品质的影响. 现代化农业, 2017(6): 17-18.

NIE L, LIN Y P, ZHANG S B. Effects of magnesium fertilizer on yield and quality of rice. Modernizing Agriculture, 2017(6): 17-18. (in Chinese)

[12] 胡世勇, 何敏. 提高水稻产量的途径. 河南农业, 2016(29): 21-33.

HU S Y, HE M. Ways to increase rice yield. Agriculture of Henan, 2016(29): 21-33. (in Chinese)

[13] 俄胜哲. 攀西地区稻米中微量元素含量变异及影响因素初探[D]. 成都: 四川农业大学, 2005.

E S Z. Primary study on variation and influenced factor of rice mineral elements content in Panxi regiones[D]. Chengdu: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2005. (in Chinese)

[14] 王力, 孙影, 张洪程, 魏海燕, 朱大伟, 朱盈, 徐栋, 霍中洋. 不同时期施用锌硅肥对优良食味粳稻产量和品质的影响. 作物学报, 2017, 43(6):885-898.

WANG L, SUN Y, ZHANG H C, WEI H Y, ZHU D W, ZHU Y, XU D, HUO Z Y. Effect of Zn and Si fertilizers applied at different stages on yield and quality of japonica rice with good eating quality. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2017, 43(6): 885-898. (in Chinese)

[15] Fageria N K, Baligar V C, Clark R B. Micronutrients in crop production. Advances in Agronomy, 2002, 77(2): 185-268.

[16] 孙桂芳, 杨光穗. 土壤—植物系统中锌的研究进展. 热带生物学报, 2002, 8(2): 22-30.

SUN G F, YANG G S. Advances in research on zinc in soil plant system. Journal of South China University of Tropical Agriculture, 2002, 8(2): 22-30. (in Chinese)

[17] Pardo M T, Guadalix M E. Zinc sorption–desorption by two Andepts: effect of pH and support medium. European Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 47(2): 257-263.

[18] Munehide I. Ion transport and permeability in an allophanic andisol at low pH. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, 2005, 51(5): 637-640.

[19] 林天杰, 倪吾钟, 林荣新, 何念祖. 大豆镁营养基因型差异的生理特征. 植物营养与肥料学报, 1998, 4(4): 419-424.

LIN T J, NI W Z, LIN R X, HE N Z. The physiological characteristics of genotypic differences in magnesium nutrition of soybean. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 1998, 4(4): 419-424. (in Chinese)

[20] 刘武定. 微量元素营养与微肥施用. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1995.

LIU W D. The trace Element Nutrition and Fertilizer Application.Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1995. (in Chinese)

[21] Yang J, Zhang J. Crop management techniques to enhance harvest index in rice. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2010, 61(12): 3177-3189.

[22] Zhang H, Xue Y, Wang Z, Yang J, Zhang J. Morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with shoot growth in “super” rice. Field Crops Research, 2009, 113(1): 31-40

[23] Zhang H, Chen T, Wang Z, Yang J, Zhang J. Involvement of cytokinins in the grain filling of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2010, 61(13): 3719-3733.

[24] 杨建昌. 水稻弱势粒灌浆机理与调控途径. 作物学报, 2010, 36(12): 2011-2019.

YANG J C. Mechanism and regulation in the filling of inferior spikelets of rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2010, 36(12): 2011-2019. (in Chinese)

[25] 陶龙兴, 王熹, 黄效林. 内源IAA对杂交稻强、弱势粒灌浆增重的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2003, 17(2):149-155.

TAO L X, WANG X, HUANG X L. Effects of endogenous IAA on grain filling of hybrid rice. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2003, 17(2): 149-155. (in Chinese)

[26] 王爱辉, 王勇, 耿文良. 水稻栽培技术措施对稻米品质的影响. 北方水稻, 2013, 43(6): 31-33.

WANG A H, WANG Y, GENG W L. Effect of cultivation technique measure on rice quality. North Rice, 2013, 43(6): 31-33. (in Chinese )

[27] 韩冰, 郑克宽. 镁、锌、硼、锰元素对烤烟产量及质量影响的研究. 内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版), 1999, 20(1): 72-77.

Han B, ZHENG K K. Effect of Mg, Zn, B, Mn on the production and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Journal of Inner Mongolia Institute of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry(Natural Science Edition), 1999, 20(1): 72-77. (in Chinese)

[28] 张英华, 周顺利, 张凯, 王志敏. 源库调节对小麦不同品种籽粒微量元素及蛋白质含量的影响. 作物学报, 2008, 34(9):1629-1636.

ZHANG Y H, ZHOU S L, ZHANG K, WANG Z M. Effect of source and sink reductions on micronutrient and protein contents of grain in wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2008, 34(9): 1629-1636. (in Chinese)

[29] 王猛. 镁肥对水稻产量和品质的影响. 农民致富之友, 2016(5): 57-57.

WANG M. Effects of magnesium fertilizer on yield and quality of rice. Friends of the Farmers Become Rich, 2016(5): 57-57. (in Chinese)

[30] 童浩. 稻米品质的品种差异及与淀粉酶和蛋白组分的关系[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2014.

TONG H. A study on the cultivars difference of rice quality and its relationship with amylase and protein components[D]. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2014. (in Chinese)

[31] 陈书强, 薛菁芳, 潘国君, 王秋玉. 粳稻粒位间淀粉RVA谱特征与其它品质性状的关系. 核农学报, 2015, 29(2): 244-251.

CHEN S Q, XUE Q F, PAN G J, WANG Q Y. Relationship between RVA profile characteristics and other quality traits in grain positions of japonica rice. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 29(2): 244-251. (in Chinese)

[32] 隋炯明, 李欣, 严松, 严长杰, 张蓉, 汤述翥, 陆驹飞, 陈宗祥, 顾铭洪. 稻米淀粉RVA谱特征与品质性状相关性研究. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(4): 657-663.

SUI J M, Li X, Yan S, Yan C J, Zhang R, Tang S Z, Lu J F, Chen Z X, Gu M H. Studies on the rice RVA profile characteristics and its correlation with the quality. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(4): 657-663. (in Chinese)

[33] 贾良, 丁雪云, 王平荣, 邓晓建. 稻米淀粉RVA谱特征及其与理化品质性状相关性的研究. 作物学报, 2008, 34(5): 790-794.

JIA L, DING X Y, WANG P R, DENG X J. Rice RVA profile characteristics and correlation with the physical/chemical quality. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2008, 34(5): 790-794. (in Chinese)