关于用水稻“顶3顶4叶叶色差”作为高产群体叶色诊断统一指标的再论证

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.24.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】进一步论证用水稻“顶3顶4叶叶色差”作为高产群体叶色诊断的统一指标。【方法】以2001—2002年的试验结果进行再论证。选择叶色（SPAD）差异较大的金南风、9915、越光、9325等4个粳稻材料，白稻、H97-322等2个籼稻材料；通过不同施氮量试验，用SPAD-502型叶绿素计于有效分蘖临界叶龄期（N-n）、倒2叶期和齐穗期测定全株各叶的SPAD值，比较单叶SPAD值、顶3顶4叶色差跟植株含氮率、产量形成的关系差异。【结果】单叶SPAD值品种间或生育期差异很大，难以用某一叶的SPAD值诊断氮素营养状态，而在生育各期会出现顶4＜顶3、顶4=顶3和顶4＞顶3三种叶色差，是氮素不足、正常和过剩的生理反映；单叶的SPAD值与分蘖率、成穗率、每穗颖花数和结实率之间没有规律性的关系，不能作为共同诊断指标，而顶3顶4叶叶色差和产量三因素的形成存在规律性的变化关系；单叶SPAD值不能作为产量诊断的指标值，而在N-n叶龄期、倒2叶龄期和齐穗期3个叶龄期顶3顶4叶色差值相等的群体，均可以获得最高的产量。【结论】顶3叶顶4叶叶色差是稻体氮素营养水平的表观指标；单叶SPAD测定和顶3顶4叶色差诊断配合，可以准确诊断水稻植株氮素的丰亏。

关键词: 水稻, 叶色差, 诊断指标, 高产, 氮素营养

Abstract: 【Objective】 To re-evaluate if the value of color different between the top 3rd leaf and the 4th leaf would be a unified indicator for high-yielding rice.【Method】Two experiments were carried out with different leaf color cultivars, including four japonica rice cultivars (Jinnanfeng, 9915, Yueguang, 9325) and two indica rice cultivars (Baidao, H97-32) in 2001 and 2002. One experiment applied different base nitrogen fertilizer as 0, 6.5, 13.0, 19.5 and 26.0 g·m-2. Another experiment applied different panicle nitrogen fertilizer as 0, 6.5, 13.0, 19.5 and 26.0 g·m-2, followed by base nitrogen as 13.0 g·m-2. SPAD values of top 4 leaves were measured using the Chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 at N-n stage, the 2nd leaf-age from top and full heading stage. The relationship of the different SPAD value of the top 4th leaf to the top 3rd leaf with plant nitrogen content and yield was investigated. 【Result】 It is difficult to diagnose rice nitrogen status base on single leaf’s SPAD value, because the value is changing if cultivar or rice growth period changed. The three kinds of leaf color differences of top in each growth stage showed: top 4 top 3, which were the exact physiological reflection of nitrogen deficiency, normal and excess. There is no regular relationship of the SPAD of single leaf with tillering rate, the percent of tillers to panicles, spikelet number per panicle and setting rate, so the SPAD of single leaf can’t be used as a common diagnostic indicator. However, there is a regular relationship between different value form the top 3rd leaf to the 4th leaf and yield components. Furthermore, rice should have highest yield if the different value is zero at N-n stage, the 2nd leaf-age from top and full heading stage. 【Conclusion】 The difference color between the top 3rd leaf and the 4th leaf is the internal indicator of nitrogen nutrition level in rice. It can diagnosis rice nitrogen nutrition situation well and truly with comparing color of the top 3rd and 4th leaf, coordinating diagnosis single leaf’s color.

Key words: rice, leaf color difference, diagnosis, high yield, nitrogen nutrient

凌启鸿，王绍华，丁艳锋，李刚华 . 关于用水稻“顶3顶4叶叶色差”作为高产群体叶色诊断统一指标的再论证[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(24): 4705-4713.

LING QiHong, WANG ShaoHua, DING YanFeng, LI GangHua. Re-Evaluation of Using the Color Difference Between the Top 3rd Leaf and the 4th Leaf as a Unified Indicator for High-Yielding Rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(24): 4705-4713.

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