“玉米营养生理与施肥”专题导读：高产玉米氮素高效利用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.12.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 玉米是中国第一大作物，在保障国家粮食安全中占有重要地位。近年来，围绕玉米高产，国内学者在栽培理论、技术与应用方面取得一系列重要突破，创造了一批玉米高产纪录：仅2006—2010年就有159个地块的玉米籽粒产量达到或超过15 000 kg·hm^-2。通过推广示范，全国玉米平均单产从2006年的5 326.32 kg·hm^-2提高到2016年的5 972.70 kg·hm^-2，增加了12.14%。但是，农户的主要增产途径是肥料尤其是氮肥投入，而连续过量施氮使华北地区土壤矿质氮高量积累、氮肥利用率显著降低。持续高量的化肥投入还造成生态环境安全隐患，地表水或地下水体硝酸盐含量超标，影响农田的可持续利用。在此情况下，兼顾作物高产与资源高效持续利用显得十分必要。作者从高产玉米田的氮素吸收利用规律、高产玉米氮素高效吸收的根系特性、高产玉米碳氮代谢协调、高产玉米氮肥优化施用等方面综述了国内最新研究进展，以期为破解粮食需求不断增加、农田面积日益减少、作物集约化生产环境代价日益加剧的严峻局面提供思路。同时，作者对本期“玉米营养生理与施肥”专栏收录的6篇文章进行了简单介绍。

关键词: 玉米, 高产, 施肥

Key words: Maize, high grain yield, fertiliztion

刘鹏，董树亭，李少昆，张吉旺. “玉米营养生理与施肥”专题导读：高产玉米氮素高效利用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(12): 2232-2237.

LIU Peng, DONG ShuTing, LI ShaoKun, ZHANG JiWang. Guidance: High Nitrogen Use Efficiency of High-Yielding Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(12): 2232-2237.

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