关键词: 木薯, 花生, 间作, 施氮, 养分积累, 系统养分利用, 间作优势

Abstract: 【Objective】Cassava-peanut intercropping is an ecological and efficient planting pattern. The effects of N application and cassava-peanut intercropping on the cassava nutrient accumulation and system nutrient utilization were studied and analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for cassava rational intercropping with peanut and nutrient efficient use. 【Method】With cassava variety South China 205 and peanut variety Yueyou200 as materials, the experiment were carried out with two N levels as with N application and without N application, and five planting patterns, including cassava monocropping, peanut monocropping, cassava intercropping with 1 row peanut, cassava intercropping with 2 rows peanut and cassava intercropping with 3 rows peanut, and the cassava nutrient accumulation and system nutrient utilization in different cassava-peanut intercropping patterns were studied in 2015 and 2016. 【Result】The results showed that with the advancement of cassava growth stages, the tuber root N, P, K accumulation and its distribution rate increased, stem N, P, K accumulation and stem N distribution rate increased, and stem P, K distribution rate were increased first and then decreased, leaf N, P, K accumulation were increased first and then decreased, and those distribution rate were decreased. The changes of N, P, K accumulation of tuber root, stem, leaf and plant in different planting patterns were different in different growth stages and different nitrogen application levels. In the same planting pattern, compared with the treatment of without nitrogen application, N, K requirements for 100 kg pod, N, P, K requirements for 100 kg fresh tuber root, cassava N harvest index, cassava P, K partial factor productivity, K intercropping advantage, total N, P accumulation in system and cassava N, P, K ratio in system of nitrogen application treatment were increased or increased significantly, however, the peanut N, K utilization efficiency, peanut total P accumulation, cassava N, K utilization efficiency, cassava K harvest index, N, P, K land equivalent ratio, peanut N, P, K ratio in system and N intercropping advantage of nitrogen application treatment were decreased or decreased significantly. At the same nitrogen application level, total N, P accumulation and N, P, K partial factor productivity of peanut intercropped were significantly lower than those of peanut monocropping. N, P, K partial factor productivity, K utilization efficiency and P harvest index of cassava intercropped were lower than those of cassava monocropping. With the increasing of the peanut rows of intercropping, peanut N, P, K land equivalent ratio, peanut N, P, K intercropping advantage, peanut N, P, K ratio in system, peanut total N, P, K accumulation and peanut N, P, K partial factor productivity were increased or increased significantly, the cassava N, P, K ratio in system were decreased. 【Conclusion】Compared with the monocropping patterns, N, P, K partial factor productivity, yield and N, P, K accumulation of single crop in patterns of cassava intercropping with 2 rows and 3 rows peanut were decreased, but system total N, P, K accumulation were increased, and showed obvious intercropping advantage, the N, P, K intercropping advantage were from 40.87 to 112.11 kg·hm^-2, 19.37 to 42.67 kg·hm^-2 and 68.29 to 105.62 kg·hm^-2, respectively.

Key words: cassava, peanut, intercropping;N application, nutrient accumulation, system nutrient utilization, intercropping advantage