不同种植行距和灌水量对中国西北地区日光温室短季节栽培番茄品质的交互影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究中国西北地区日光温室膜下滴灌番茄不同种植行距与灌水量对番茄各品质指标的影响，提出番茄综合品质最优时的种植行距与灌水量组合，为本地区日光温室番茄的栽培管理和灌溉提供科学依据和技术指导。【方法】试验在陕西省杨凌农业高新技术产业示范区绿百合果蔬专业合作社的日光温室内进行，供试番茄品种为‘HL2109’。通过日光温室试验，在大小行沟垄覆膜种植形式的基础上设置3种种植行距分别为L1（60 cm）、L2（45 cm）和L3（30 cm）；以两次灌水间隔期间Φ20 cm标准蒸发皿的累积蒸发量E为基数，设置0.6E、0.8E、1.0E、1.2E四个灌水量，每当蒸发皿的累积蒸发量达到（20±3）mm时即进行灌水处理；试验采用完全随机区组设计,共12个处理，每个处理3次重复。分别运用改进模糊灰色关联度法和CRITIC法对番茄综合品质进行评价分析，综合两种评价结果，运用多元回归分析寻求综合品质最优时的种植行距与灌水量的组合。【结果】种植行距与灌水量均对番茄品质产生影响，且在可溶性固形物、维生素C和番茄红素上呈现极显著的交互作用，而番茄果实的外观品质指标并不存在灌水量和种植行距间的交互作用。过高的灌水量会降低番茄果实的外观品质，且过高或过低的灌水量均会降低可溶性固形物、VC和番茄红素的含量。改进模糊灰色关联度法和CRITIC法对番茄综合品质评价的结果具有较好的一致性，综合品质最优处理均为L2-0.8E，最差处理均为L1-1.2E；番茄综合品质随灌水量和种植行距的增大呈凸型抛物线变化趋势。番茄各单一品质指标的权重比例虽然在两茬试验中略有变化，但番茄红素、VC、糖酸比3个指标的权重始终为前3名。【结论】当操作行行距为80 cm，株距为35 cm时，种植行距取37-47 cm，灌水量0.8E-1.0E为中国西北地区温室番茄综合品质最优的种植行距和灌水量组合。

关键词: 日光温室, 番茄, 种植行距, 灌水量, 综合品质评价分析

Abstract: 【Objective】The objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of planting row spacing and irrigation amount on the tomato quality cultivated in solar greenhouse in Northwest China, to obtain the best combination of irrigation amount and planting row spacing for the best comprehensive quality, so as to provide a scientific basis and technical guidance for irrigation and cultivation management of greenhouse tomato in the region.【Method】The experiment was conducted in solar greenhouse at the Green Lily fruit and vegetable cooperatives in Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone in Shaanxi province. The cultivated varieties of tomato in the experiment was HL2109.The treatments comprised three planting row spacing (L1 (60 cm), L2 (45 cm), L3 (30 cm)), and based on the cumulative evaporation from a 20 cm diameter pan between two irrigations (E), 0.6 E, 0.8 E, 1.0 E, 1.2 E were set as four different levels of irrigation amount, when the cumulative evaporation reached (20±3) mm irrigation will be conduct. The treatments were replicated three times in randomized complete block designs. The comprehensive quality of tomato was evaluated by improved fuzzy grey relational method and CRITIC method, respectively. The two evaluation results were compared and multivariate regression analysis was used to find the best combination of irrigation amount and planting row spacing when the best comprehensive quality was obtained.【Result】Tomato quality was affected by both planting row spacing and irrigation amount, and showed a very significant interaction on soluble solids, Vc and lycopene, but the appearance fruit quality indicators of tomato do not exist irrigation amount and planting line spacing between the interaction. Excessive irrigation will reduce the exterior quality of tomato, and reduce the soluble solids, Vc and lycopene content. The results of the improved fuzzy grey relational method and CRITIC method have good agreement with the results of tomato comprehensive quality evaluation, that the L2-0.8E treatment had the best comprehensive quality of tomato, and the L1-1.2E treatment was the worst; the comprehensive quality of tomato followed a downward quadratic parabola shape with the increase of irrigation amount and planting row spacing. Although the proportion of weights for single tomato quality indicators have a little difference between two tested seasons, but the weights of lycopene, Vc and sugar acid ratio are always the first three. 【Conclusion】 When the ridge distance is 80 cm, planting spacing is 35 cm, the planting row distance selected 37-47 cm, the irrigation quantity is set to 0.8E-1.0E would be the appropriate combination of irrigation amount and planting row spacing for best comprehensive quality of greenhouse tomato in Northwest China.

Key words: solar greenhouse, tomato, planting row spacing, irrigation amount, comprehensive quality evaluation

吴宣毅，曹红霞，王虎兵，郝舒雪. 不同种植行距和灌水量对中国西北地区日光温室短季节栽培番茄品质的交互影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(5): 940-951.

WU XuanYi, CAO HongXia, WANG HuBing, HAO ShuXue. Effect of Planting Row Spacing and Irrigation Amount on Comprehensive Quality of Short-Season Cultivation Tomato in Solar Greenhouse in Northwest China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(5): 940-951.

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