不同开食料采食量断液体饲粮对羔羊生长发育的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同开食料采食水平断液体饲粮（代乳品）对羔羊生长、屠宰性能、内脏器官和胃肠道发育的影响，旨在确定羔羊最佳断代乳品时间，为羔羊生长发育提供理论依据。【方法】采用单因素试验设计，以断代乳品时开食料采食水平为试验因子，选取体重接近的纯种湖羊羔羊64只，分为4组，每组16只，每个重复1只。于10日龄断母乳饲喂代乳品，于15日龄开始补饲开食料，开食料自由采食。当羔羊连续3d开食料干物质采食量达到200、300、400和500g时分别断掉代乳品，对应地分别为A、B、C和D组。动物饲养试验过程中，测定羔羊生长性能包括体重、日增重和采食量并计算饲料转化率。在羔羊90日龄进行屠宰试验，测定羔羊屠宰性能、内脏器官和胃肠道发育情况。【结果】（1）90日龄羔羊体重，B和C组有高于D组的趋势（P=0.0563）；日增重方面，在10至90日龄期间，B和C组显著高于D组（P＜0.05）；代乳品采食量方面，A和B组羔羊显著低于C和D组（P＜0.05），其中A组显著低于B组（P＜0.05）；开食料采食量方面，整个试验期，A和B组开食料采食量显著高于C和D组（P＜0.05）；饲料转化率方面，断代乳品至90日龄和10-90日龄期间，B和C组羔羊料重比显著低于其余组（P＜0.05）。（2）瘤胃重量A、B和C组显著高于D组（P＜0.05），其中C组显著高于A组（P＜0.05），虽然瘤胃占复胃总重比例及占宰前活重比值无显著差异（P＞0.05），但是在数值上B和C组均高于A和D组；C组网胃和瓣胃重显著高于A和D组（P＜0.05）；C组全胃重显著高于A和D组（P＜0.05），A、B、C和D组全胃占宰前活重比值无显著差异（P＞0.05），但B和C组在数值上较其它组高；小肠重量及占宰前活重比值各组间无显著差异（P＞0.05），但是B和C组在数值上较其它组高。C组大肠重显著高于A和D组（P＜0.05），A和B组大肠重显著高于D组（P＜0.05），大肠占宰前活重比值各组间无显著差异（P＞0.05），但是B和C组在数值上较其它组高。（3）B和C组心脏重量显著高于D组（P＜0.05），C组脾脏重量有高于B和D组的趋势（P=0.0806），其余内脏器官重量及占宰前活重比值各处理组间无显著差异（P＞0.05）。（4）在90日龄，A、B和C组羔羊的宰前活重、空体重、胴体重和24h胴体重均显著高于D组（P＜0.05），C组空体重显著高于A和B组（P＜0.05），C组胴体重和24h胴体重显著高于A组（P＜0.05）；B和C组羔羊眼肌面积显著高于A和D组（P＜0.05）。【结论】当开食料干物质采食量连续3 d达到300和400g时断代乳品，羔羊生长性能、屠宰性能和胃肠道发育较好。因此，湖羊羔羊于开食料采食量达到300g时断代乳品效果最佳。

关键词: 羔羊, 湖羊, 代乳品, 生长发育, 断奶, 瘤胃

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weaning liquid diet (milk replacer) at different level of creep feed intake on growth performance, slaughter performance and development of visceral organ and gastrointestinal tract of lambs to confirm the best time to wean milk replacer and providing theoretical basis of growth and development of lambs. 【Method】 Lambs were divided into 4 treatments by using single factor experimental design that experimental factor was creep feed intake on the time of weaning milk replacer. Each treatment had 16 lambs and each lamb was as a replication. Sixty-four purebred Hu lambs with similar body weight were selected, weaned breast-milk and fed milk replacer at 10 days of age. Lambs were provided creep feed at 15 days of age and could take the feed freely. When consuming level of dry matter of creep feed reached 200, 300, 400 and 500g, lambs were weaned milk replacer respectively and assigned to A, B, C and D groups correspondingly. During the animal feeding trial, growth performance including body weight, average daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency was determined. Slaughter experiment was conducted at 90 ages of age to determine slaughter performance including development of visceral organ and gastrointestinal tract of lambs. 【Result】 The results showed as follows: (1) average daily gain in B and C groups was significantly higher than that in D group (P＜0.05) from 10 to 90 days; intake of milk replacer in A and B groups was significantly lower than that in C and D groups (P＜0.05), and A group had lower milk replacer intake than B group (P＜0.05); the creep feed intake in A and B group was higher than that in C and D group (P＜0.05) during the whole trial; the feed conversion efficiency in B and C groups was lower that in D group (P＜0.05) from 10 to 90 d and from weaning milk replacer time to 90 d. (2) rumen weight in A, B and C group was significant higher than that in D group (P＜0.05), and C group was higher than A group (P＜0.05); despite the ratio of rumen to total stomachus compositus weight and live weight before slaughter showed no significance (P＞0.05), the mean values in B and C groups of these 2 parameters were higher than that in A and D group; the weight of reticulum, omasum in C group was higher than that in A and D groups (P＜0.05); the weight of whole stomach in C group was higher than that in A and D groups (P＜0.05), and the ratio of whole stomach weight to live weight before slaughter were not significantly different among 4 groups (P＞0.05), but the mean values of it in B and C groups were higher than those in A and D group; although small intestine weight and the ratio of its weight to live weight before slaughter were not significantly different (P＞0.05) among different groups, the mean values in B and C groups were higher than those in A and D groups; A and B groups had higher large intestine weight than D group (P＜0.05), and no difference was observed in the ratio of large intestine weight to live weight before slaughter among 4 groups (P＞0.05), but the mean values of it were greater in B and C groups than those in A and D groups. (3) B and C group had significant higher heart weight than D group (P＜0.05) while weight of other visceral organs and ratio of their weight to live weight before slaughter were not significantly different (P＞0.05); (4) at 90 days of age, the slaughter body weight, empty body weight, carcass weight and 24h carcass weight in A, B and C groups were higher than those in D group (P＜0.05), and empty body weight in C group was higher than that in A and B groups (P＜0.05). carcass weight and 24h carcass weight in C group were higher than that in A group (P＜0.05); eye muscle area in B and C groups was significantly higher than that in A and D groups (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 In conclusion, lambs showed better growth and slaughter performance as well as gastrointestinal development when they could consume an equivalent of 300 or 400g dry matter of creep feed for 3 consecutive days and were weaned milk replacer. Therefore, optimal effect could be reached for the Hu lambs to be weaned milk replacer at creep feed intake level of 300g dry matter.

Key words: lambs, Hu sheep, milk replacer, growth and development, weaning, rumen

柴建民，王波，祁敏丽，王世琴，屠焰，陶晓菁，刁其玉，张乃锋. 不同开食料采食量断液体饲粮对羔羊生长发育的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(2): 341-350.

CHAI JianMin, WANG Bo, QI MinLi, WANG ShiQin, TU Yan, TAO XiaoJing, DIAO QiYu, ZHANG NaiFeng. Effect of Weaning Liquid Diet at Different Level of Creep Feed Intake on Growth and Development of Lambs[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(2): 341-350.

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