不同饲料效率与绵羊瘤胃组织形态学关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.24.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】利用单栏系统测定个体的饲料效率相关性状与瘤胃组织形态学指标,探讨绵羊饲料效率与瘤胃组织形态的关系,为解析绵羊饲料效率性状的影响因素研究提供基础数据。【方法】随机选取出生日龄相近、系谱信息详细、健康状况良好的187湖羊公羔,56 d断奶后转入单栏饲养,过渡期14 d,预饲期10 d,正试期100 d。正试期内所有羊只仅饲喂颗粒饲料,自由采食及饮水,并在80 d和180 d晨饲前空腹测定其体重（body weight,BW）和80—180 d间的采食量（feed intake,FI）,计算平均日增重（average daily gain,ADG）、中期代谢体重（metabolic body weight, MBW）、饲料转化率（feed conversion rate,FCR）和剩余采食量（residual feed intake,RFI）等饲料效率相关性状并对其进行描述性统计,于180 d饲养结束后屠宰采集瘤胃腹囊组织1 cm²保存于4%甲醛溶液中,用于制作组织切片并观测其瘤胃乳头长度、宽度和肌层厚度。最后将其与饲料效率相关性状进行相关分析和方差分析。【结果】饲料效率相关性状的变异系数均大于10%,且剩余采食量最大与最小的个体每天的剩余采食量之差达0.57 kg。饲料效率相关性状间的表型相关分析表明剩余采食量与饲料转化率（r= 0.68）和采食量（r= 0.48）呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与初始体重（r=0）、末期体重（r= -0.01）和平均日增重（r= -0.02）无显著相关（P>0.05）。饲料效率相关性状与瘤胃组织形态相关性分析发现,瘤胃乳头长度与平均日增重、采食量、初始体重和末期体重呈显著或极显著正相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）,肌层厚度与平均日增重、采食量和末期体重呈显著或极显著正相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）,而剩余采食量和饲料转化率与瘤胃组织形态无显著相关。不同RFI组羔羊采食量、饲料转化率和瘤胃肌层厚度存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）,瘤胃乳头长、宽无显著差异（P>0.05）,其中High-RFI组羔羊采食量和饲料转化率极显著高于Low-RFI组（P<0.01）,肌层厚度显著高于Medium-RFI组（P<0.05）;不同FCR组羔羊的剩余采食量、采食量、ADG、初始体重、末期体重和乳头长度存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）,肌层厚度和乳头宽度差异不显著（P>0.05）,其中High-FCR组羔羊剩余采食量、采食量、ADG、初始体重和末期体重均显著或极显著高于Low-FCR组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,Medium-FCR组羔羊乳头长度显著长于Low-FCR组（P<0.05）;除瘤胃乳头宽度外,不同FI组羔羊的上述指标均存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）,且High-FI组羔羊的剩余采食量、饲料转化率、ADG、初始体重、末期体重、肌层厚度和乳头长度均显著或极显著高于Low-FI组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;不同ADG组羔羊采食量、饲料转化率、初始体重、末期体重和肌层厚度均存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）,乳头长度和乳头宽度无显著差异（P>0.05）,其中High-ADG组羔羊采食量、剩余采食量、初始体重、末期体重和肌层厚度均显著或极显著高于Low-ADG组,饲料转化率则极显著低于Low-ADG组。【结论】剩余采食量与采食量和饲料转化率等饲料效率性状呈极显著正相关,表明其可作为衡量饲料效率的潜在指标。剩余采食量和饲料转化率与瘤胃组织形态学指标无显著相关,采食量和平均日增重与瘤胃乳头长度和肌层厚度呈显著正相关,表明羔羊瘤胃组织形态对采食量和增重有显著影响,但其进一步的作用机制有待深入研究。

关键词: 剩余采食量, 饲料转化率, 瘤胃, 组织形态, 湖羊

Abstract:

【Objective】The individual pens was used to determine individual feed efficiency-related traits and rumen morphology indexes, and the association of feed efficiency of sheep and rumen histomorphology was discussed, so as to provide fundamental data for analyzing the influencing factors of sheep feed efficiency traits. 【Method】One hundred and eighty-seven Hu lambs with the similar birthday age, good growth and available pedigrees were selected randomly, and all lambs were transferred to the housed indoors in individual pens after weaning at 56 days, the lambs were subjected to a 14 days adaptation period. The pre-test period was 10 days and the experimental period was 100 days, during which all lambs were fed pellet feed and had free access to food and fresh drinking water. Lambs were weighed before feeding in the morning at 80 and 100 days, and feed intake (FI) were measured during 80-180 days. Average daily gain (ADG), metabolic body weight (MBW), feed conversion rate (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI) were calculated and the descriptive statistics were carried out. The lambs were slaughtered at 180 days, and rumen abdominal sac tissue was collected, and stored in 4% formaldehyde solution for making tissue sections. The length, width and muscle thickness of the rumen papilla were observed. Finally, correlation analysis and variance analysis were carried out for the traits related to feed efficiency.【Result】The variation coefficients of feed efficiency-related traits were all greater than 10%, and the difference of the individuals with the largest and smallest residual feed intake was 0.57 kg per day. Phenotypic correlation analysis of feed efficiency-related traits showed that RFI was very significantly positively correlated with FCR (r= 0.68) and FI (r= 0.48) (P<0.01), there was no significant correlation with initial body weight (r=0) final body weight (r= -0.01) and average daily gain (r= -0.02) (P>0.05). The correlation analysis between feed efficiency and rumen histomorphology was found that the length of the rumen papilla was significantly or very significantly positively correlated with average daily gain, feed intake, initial body weight and final body weight (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while there were no significant differences in length and width of rumen papilla (P>0.05). The feed intake and feed conversion rate of lambs in the High-RFI group were significantly higher than those in the Low-RFI group (P<0.01), and the muscle thickness was significantly higher than that of the Medium-RFI group (P<0.05). There were significantly or extremely significantly differences in residual feed intake, feed intake, ADG, initial body weight, final body weight and the length of rumen in different FCR groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01), there was no significant difference between the rumen muscular thickness and the width of rumen papilla (P>0.05). Among them, the residual feed intake, feed intake, ADG, initial body weight and final body weight of the lambs in the High-FCR group were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those in the Low-FCR group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), The length of the rumen papilla in the medium-FCR group was significantly longer than that in the Low-FCR group (P<0.05). There were significant or extremely significant differences in the above indexes of the lambs in different FI groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the residual feed intake, feed conversion rate, ADG, initial body weight, final body weight, muscle thickness and the length of the rumen papilla in the High-FI group were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those in the Low-FI group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were significant or extremely significant differences in feed intake, feed conversion rate, initial body weight, final body weight and muscle thickness in different ADG groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01), there was no significant difference between the length and the width of the rumen papilla (P>0.05), the feed intake, residual feed intake, initial body weight, final body weight and muscle thickness of the High-ADG group were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of the Low-ADG group, and the feed conversion rate was significantly lower than that of the Low-ADG group.【Conclusion】There was a significant positive correlation between residual feed intake and the traits related to feed efficiency such as feed intake and feed conversion rate, indicating that it could be used as a potential index to measure feed efficiency. There was no significant correlation between the residual feed intake and feed conversion rate and the rumen histopathology. Feed intake and average daily gain were significantly positively correlated with the length of the rumen papilla and the muscular thickness, indicating that the morphology of the rumen tissue had significant effects on feed intake and body weight gain. However, the mechanism of action remains to be further studied.

Key words: residual feed intake, feed conversion rate, rumen, histomorphology, Hu sheep

张德印,张小雪,李发弟,李冲,李国泽,张煜坤,李晓龙,宋其志,赵源,刘晓青,马亮强,王维民. 不同饲料效率与绵羊瘤胃组织形态学关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(24): 5115-5124.

ZHANG DeYin,ZHANG XiaoXue,LI FaDi,LI Chong,LI GuoZe,ZHANG YuKun,LI XiaoLong,SONG QiZhi,ZHAO Yuan,LIU XiaoQing,MA LiangQiang,WANG WeiMin. Association of Rumen Histomorphology of Sheep with Different Feed Efficiencies[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(24): 5115-5124.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.24.014

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2020/V53/I24/5115

图/表 8

表1

图1

图2

图3

表2

表3

表4

表5

参考文献 32

[1]	CANTALAPIEDRA-HIJAR G, ABO-ISMAIL M, CARSTENS G E, GUAN L L, HEGARTY R, KENNY D A, MCGEE M, PLASTOW G, RELLING A, ORTIGUES-MARTY I. Review: Biological determinants of between-animal variation in feed efficiency of growing beef cattle. Animal, 2018,12(s2):321-335.
[2]	LI W, LIU R, ZHENG M, FENG F, WEN J. New insights into the associations among feed efficiency, metabolizable efficiency traits and related qtl regions in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2020,11(1):65. doi: 10.1186/s40104-020-00469-8
[3]	MCDONNELL R P, HART K J, BOLAND T M, KELLY A K, MCGEE M, KENNY D A. Effect of divergence in phenotypic residual feed intake on methane emissions, ruminal fermentation, and apparent whole-tract digestibility of beef heifers across three contrasting diets. Journal of Animal Science, 2016,94(3):1179-1193. doi: 10.2527/jas.2015-0080 pmid: 27065279
[4]	KOCH R M, SWIGER L A, CHAMBERS D, GREGOR K E. Efficiency of feed use in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 1963,22(2):486-494. doi: 10.2527/jas1963.222486x
[5]	HOQUE M A, SUZUKI K, KADOWAKI H, SHIBATA T, OIKAWA T. Genetic parameters for feed efficiency traits and their relationships with growth and carcass traits in Duroc pigs. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 2007,124(3):108-116. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2007.00650.x pmid: 17550351
[6]	FITZSIMONS C, KENNY DA, DEIGHTON MH, FAHEY AG, MCGEE M. Methane emissions, body composition, and rumen fermentation traits of beef heifers differing in residual feed intake. Journal of Animal Science, 2013,91(12):5789-5800. doi: 10.2527/jas.2013-6956
[7]	PRICE ALEXANDER M, BASARAB J, WANG Z D, NKRUMAH LOUIS J, SCHMID KENDRA K, MATHISON G W. Relationships of feedlot feed efficiency, performance, and feeding behavior with metabolic rate, methane production, and energy partitioning in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 2006,84(1):145-153. doi: 10.2527/2006.841145x pmid: 16361501
[8]	ONTERU S K, GORBACH D M, YOUNG J M. Whole genome association studies of residual feed intake and related traits in the pig. PLoS One, 2013,8(6):e61756. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061756 pmid: 23840294
[9]	DO D N, STRATHE A B, OSTERSEN T, PANT D S, KADARMIDEEN N H. Genome-wide association and pathway analysis of feed efficiency in pigs reveal candidate genes and pathways for residual feed intake. Frontiers in Genetics, 2014,5:307. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00307 pmid: 25250046
[10]	SANTANA M H, UTSUNOMIYA Y T, NEVES H H, GOMES C R, GARCIA F J, FUKUMASU H, SILVA L S, JUNIOR O A, ALEXANDRE P A, LEME R P, BRASSALOTI A R, COUTINHO L L, LOPES G T, MEIRELLES V F, ELER P J, JOSÉ B S. Genome-wide association analysis of feed intake and residual feed intake in Nellore cattle. BMC Genetics, 2014,15(1):21. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-21
[11]	GUAN L L, NKRUMAH J D, BASARAB J A, MOORE S S. Linkage of microbial ecology to phenotype: correlation of rumen microbial ecology to cattle's feed efficiency. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2008,288(1):85-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01343.x pmid: 18785930
[12]	YUAN J, WANG K, YI G, MA M, DOU T, SUN C J, QU L J, SHEN MM, QU L, YANG N. Genome-wide association studies for feed intake and efficiency in two laying periods of chickens. Genetics Selection Evolution, 2015,47(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12711-015-0161-1
[13]	TIANFEI L, CHENGLONG L, JIE W, JIE M, DINGMING S, SAND L M. Assessment of the genomic prediction accuracy for feed efficiency traits in meat-type chickens. PLoS One, 2017,12(3):e0173620. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173620 pmid: 28278209
[14]	王彩莲, 郝正里, 李发弟, 余洋, 郎侠, 马友记, 年芳, 郭江鹏. 0-56日龄放牧羔羊消化道的解剖特点和瘤胃功能变化. 畜牧兽医学报, 2010(4):38-45.
	WANG C L, HAO Z L, LI F D, YU Y, LANG X, MA Y J, NIAN F, GUO J P. Anatomical changes of digestive tract and rumen functional development in grazing lamb at the age of 0-56 d. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2010,41(4):38-45. (in Chinese)
[15]	张彩英, 胡国良, 曹华斌. 反刍动物瘤胃内环境的特点及调控措施. 中国畜牧兽医, 2010,37(4):18-20.
	ZHANG C Y, HU G L, CAO H B. Characteristics and control measures of rumen environment in ruminants. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, 2010,37(4):18-20. (in Chinese)
[16]	丁莉. 关中奶山羊周岁前消化系统发育规律的研究[D]. 西北农林科技大学, 2007.
	DING L. The study on development of digestive system in Guanzhong dairy goat before oneyear old[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2007. (in Chinese)
[17]	冯如龙, 赵文嘉, 张锐, 陈国龙, 姜兴佳, 陈绍淑. 不同日龄舍饲绵羊瘤胃形态学变化. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2016,37(4):29-32.
	FENG R L, ZHAO W J, ZHANG R, CHEN G L, JIANG X J, CHEN S S. The morphological changes of confined sheep rumen at different age in days. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2016,37(4):29-32. (in Chinese)
[18]	刘婷, 李发弟, 王维民, 汪晓娟, 李冲, 李飞, 郑琛, 莫负涛, 王芳彬, 喇永富, 李宝胜. 不同日龄补饲开食料对湖羊羔羊瘤胃形态及表皮生长相关基因表达的影. 畜牧兽医学报, 2016,47(12):2441-2449. doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.12.014
	LIU T, LI F D, WANG W M, WANG X J, LI C, LI F, ZHEN C, MO F T, WANG F B, LA Y F, LI B S. Effects of starter feeding on rumen papilla gene expression involved in cellular growth and morphology in hu lamb at different ages. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2016,47(12):2441-2449. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.12.014
[19]	汪晓娟, 刘婷, 李发弟, 李冲, 王维民, 唐德富, 李宝胜, 马志远, 潘香羽. 开食料补饲日龄对湖羊羔羊生长性能和胃发育的影响. 畜牧兽医学报, 2016,47(2):305-314. doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.02.013
	WANG X J, LIU T, LI F D, LI C, WANG W M, TANG D F, LI B S, MA Z Y, PAN X Y. Effect of starter supply age on the morphology of the rumen and small intestine in lamb. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2016,47(2):305-314. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.02.013
[20]	BALDWIN R L, MCLEOD K R, KLOTZ J L. Rumen development, intestinal growth and hepatic metabolism in the pre- and postweaning ruminant. Journal of Dairy Science, 2004,87(1):E55-E65. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)70061-2
[21]	莫负涛. 不同RFI育肥羔羊生产性能和体组成及消化代谢研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2016.
	MO F T. Study on production performance, body composition traits, digestion metabolism of lambs by different RFI [D]. LanZhou: GanSu Agricultural University, 2016. (in Chinese)
[22]	温蕾, 陈肇源, 陈桂霞, 袁镜乐. 石蜡切片的制作及其免疫组化染色技术. 畜牧兽医科技信息, 2018,5(36):497.
	WEN L, CHEN Q Y, CHEN G X, YUAN J L. preparation of paraffin sections and immunohistochemical staining technique. Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2018,5(36):497. (in Chinese)
[23]	金鑫, 张丽, 何林波, 肖先灿, 曹忻. 瘤胃发育研究进展[J]. 湖南畜牧兽医, 2019(4):52-54.
	JIN X, ZHANG L, HE L B, XIAO X C, CAO X. Advance in ruminal development. Hunan Journal of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, 2019(4):52-54. (in Chinese)
[24]	祁敏丽, 刁其玉, 张乃锋. 羔羊瘤胃发育及其影响因素研究进展. 中国畜牧杂志, 2015,51(09):77-81.
	QI M, DIAO Q Y, ZHANG N F. Advance in ruminal development and its influencing factors in lambs. Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry, 2015,51(09):77-81. (in Chinese)
[25]	刘婷, 李发弟, 李冲, 王维民, 汪晓娟, 李飞, 郑琛, 莫负涛, 王芳彬, 喇永富, 李宝胜. 断奶时间对不同日龄湖羊羔羊瘤胃形态及表皮生长相关基因表达的影响. 动物营养学报, 2016,28(5):1384-1393.
	LIU T, LI F D, LI C, WANG W M, WANG X J, LI F, ZHENG C, MO F T, WANG F B, LA Y F, LI B S. Effects of weaner time on rumen morphology and gene expressions involved in rumen epidermis growth of Hu Lambs at different days of age. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2016,28(5):1384-1393. (in Chinese)
[26]	CROWLEY J J, MCGEE M, KENNY D A, CREWS D H, EVANS R D, BERRY D P. Phenotypic and genetic parameters for different measures of feed efficiency in different breeds of Irish performance-tested beef bulls. Journal of Animal Science, 2010,88(3):885-894. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-1852 pmid: 19966161
[27]	SAMUEL E A, FERNANDO G C, ROMDHANE R. Association of SNPs with components of residual feed intake parameters in a meat-type chicken population[C]// 10th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. 2014.
[28]	张小雪. 不同剩余采食量羔羊生产性能和瘤胃微生物区系及肝脏转录组研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2019.
	ZHANG X X. Study on production performance, rumen microflora and liver transcriptome of lambs with different residual feed intake [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2019. (in Chinese)
[29]	石风华, 周振明, 任丽萍, 孟庆翔. 肉牛剩余采食量的概念和实践应用. 饲料工业, 2010(S2):138-141.
	SHI F H, ZHOU Z M, REN L P, MENG Q X. Residual feed intake of beef cattle: the concept and it's application. Feed Industry, 2010(S2):138-141. (in Chinese)
[30]	MCGEE M, WELCH C M, RAMIREZ J A, CARSTENS G E, PRICE WJ, Hall JB 4, Hill RA. Relationships of feeding behaviors with average daily gain, dry matter intake, and residual feed intake in Red Angus-sired cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 2014,92(11):5214-5221. doi: 10.2527/jas2014-8036
[31]	梁玉生. 不同剩余采食量育肥湖羊的生长性能与瘤胃功能差异研究[D]. 兰州大学, 2017.
	LIANG Y S. Study on growth performance and rumen function in finishing Hu lambs with different residual feed intakes[D]. Gansu Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[32]	朱文涛, 雒秋江, 陈勇, 古丽尼沙·依米提, 杨开伦. 3种日粮条件下15-60日龄羔羊的采食、消化和瘤胃消化代谢. 新疆农大学学报, 2007,30(4):1-9.
	ZHU W T, LUO Q J, CHEN Y, GULINISHA Y M T, YANG K L. Intake, digestion and rumen metabolism of 15-60 day’s lambs fed with 3 diets. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2007,30(4):1-9. (in Chinese)

性状 Trait	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV（%）	最大值 Max	最小值 Min
剩余采食量RFI (kg·d^-1)	0.00	0.10	-	0.30	-0.27
采食量FI (kg)	155.40	20.84	13.41	203.70	100.80
平均日增重ADG (g·d^-1)	270.12	34.04	12.60	350.00	177.00
饲料转化率FCR	5.77	0.58	10.05	8.55	4.24
初始体重Initial BW (kg)	18.99	3.79	19.96	27.80	10.04
末期体重Final BW (kg)	46.00	6.01	13.07	61.90	29.10

组别 Groups	个数 Numbers	采食量 FI (kg)	平均日增重 ADG (g·d^-1)	饲料转化率 FCR	初始体重 Initial BW （kg）	末期体重 Final BW (kg)	肌层厚度 Muscular thickness (μm)	乳头长度 Papilla height (μm)	乳头宽度 Papilla width (μm)
High-RFI	56	168.63±15.73A	272.93±32.71	6.22±0.55A	19.16±3.01	46.45±4.73	766.87±163.98a	1138.59±396.27	245.83±33.41
Medium-RFI	71	153.48±19.03B	267.96±34.55	5.75±0.43B	18.61±4.02	45.41±6.33	687.90±186.95b	1096.72±461.15	245.72±44.83
Low-RFI	60	145.31±20.85C	270.07±35.01	5.39±0.46C	19.28±4.16	46.28±6.68	719.26±189.87ab	1048.59±353.14	241.18±46.01

组别 Groups	个数 Numbers		剩余采食量 RFI (kg·d^-1)	饲料转化率 FCR	初始体重 Initial BW (kg)	末期体重 Final BW (kg)	肌层厚度 Muscular thickness (μm)	乳头长度 Papilla height (μm)	乳头宽度 Papilla width (μm)
High-ADG	59	170.48±14.64A	-0.006±0.11	5.55±0.44B	20.21±3.64A	50.96±4.18A	765.01±195.82a	1126.10±438.54	245.58±43.93
Medium-ADG	75	157.47±13.87B	-0.005±0.09	5.84±0.53A	19.74±3.42A	46.74±3.56B	713.63±187.71ab	1124.63±367.61	245.42±42.04
Low-ADG	53	135.68±19.49C	0.005±0.11	5.94±0.71A	16.58±3.38B	39.44±4.34C	684.60±153.68b	1014.27±427.28	241.28±40.32

组别 Groups	个数 Numbers	剩余采食量 RFI (kg·d^-1)	饲料转化率 FCR	平均日增重 ADG (g·d^-1)	初始体重 Initial BW (kg)	末期体重 Final BW (kg)	肌层厚度 Muscular thickness (μm)	乳头长度 Papilla height (μm)	乳头宽度 Papilla width (μm)
High-FI	59	0.049±0.10A	6.05±0.56A	295.79±26.80A	22.08±3.08A	51.66±3.63A	761.15±202.61a	1161.56±419.86A	239.28±33.94
Medium-FI	77	-0.004±0.09B	5.79±0.52B	271.10±23.52B	19.03±2.64B	46.14±3.16B	722.19±185.29ab	1155.08±414.32A	252.09±41.84
Low-FI	51	-0.061±0.08C	5.42±0.51C	238.98±29.47C	15.35±2.63C	39.25±4.39C	674.99±145.26b	922.96±340.51B	238.34±48.99

组别 Groups	个数 Numbers	剩余采食量 RFI (kg·d^-1)	采食量 FI (kg)	平均日增重 ADG (g·d^-1)	初始体重 Initial BW (kg)	末期体重 Final BW (kg)	肌层厚度 Muscular thickness (μm)	乳头长度 Papilla height (μm)	乳头宽度 Papilla width (μm)
High-FCR	53	0.078±0.09A	165.51±17.72A	256.58±28.56B	21.11±3.48A	46.77±5.42a	709.28±147.02	1094.28±402.16ab	248.13±41.56
Medium-FCR	75	0.003±0.07B	158.22±18.37B	274.16±33.76A	19.32±3.09B	46.73±5.79a	741.11±220.29	1181.26±450.19a	238.19±32.44
Low-FCR	59	-0.083±0.07C	142.72±20.33C	277.15±35.92A	16.66±3.63C	44.38±6.53b	707.90±160.05	982.25±332.19b	248.62±41.98