中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (10): 2206-2216.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.10.016

• 专题:幼龄反刍动物营养研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

高脂肪日粮对早期断奶羔羊断奶前后能量代谢和屠宰性能的影响

李文娟(),陶慧,张乃锋,马涛,刁其玉()   

  1. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所/农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-26 接受日期:2021-01-08 出版日期:2021-05-16 发布日期:2021-05-24
  • 通讯作者: 刁其玉
  • 作者简介:李文娟,Tel:18310638772;E-mail: liwjuan1226@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家肉羊产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-38);公益性行业(农业科研专项201303143);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2017-FRI-04)

Effects of High-Fat Diet on Energy Metabolism and Slaughter Performance of Early-Weaning Lambs

LI WenJuan(),TAO Hui,ZHANG NaiFeng,MA Tao,DIAO QiYu()   

  1. Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2020-07-26 Accepted:2021-01-08 Online:2021-05-16 Published:2021-05-24
  • Contact: QiYu DIAO

摘要:

【目的】脂肪是动物日粮中一种重要的营养元素,也是主要的供能物质,在动物生产中起重要作用,本研究旨在探讨早期断奶湖羊公羔羊在断奶前饲喂高脂肪日粮对其断奶前后生长性能、能量代谢和屠宰性能的影响,为早期断奶羔羊健康培育提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】试验采用配对试验设计,选用出生日龄相似、体重接近、健康的湖羊双胞胎公羔30对,在7日龄断母乳,随后每对双胞胎随机分为两个处理,即高脂肪日粮组(high fat记为HF:饲喂代乳粉和开食料的脂肪水平为26.89%和5.07%)和正常脂肪日粮组(normal fat 记为NF:饲喂代乳粉和开食料的脂肪水平为15.15%和2.80%),每处理10个重复,每个重复3只羊,饲喂在同一个圈舍。在7—60日龄期间,两组羔羊饲喂不同脂肪水平的代乳粉及颗粒料,饲喂至60日龄断代乳粉。60—120日龄期间两组羔羊饲喂相同颗粒料。羔羊分别于50—60、110—120日龄按平均体重随机选择9对双胞胎羔羊采用全收粪尿法进行消化代谢试验,用于评估断奶前饲喂不同脂肪水平日粮的羔羊断奶前后两阶段能量代谢情况,60及120日龄分别按照试验羊平均体重随机屠宰9对双胞胎羔羊,测定羔羊断奶前后的屠宰性能、器官指数及胃肠道发育情况。【结果】在断代乳粉前,两组羔羊的每日总干物质采食量(DMI),摄入总能(GE)、粪能(FE)、尿能(UE)、总能的表观消化率、总能代谢率(ME/GE),空体重(EBW)、屠宰率、GR值,及除蹄重外各器官、各胃室和各肠道占宰前活重的比例没有显著差异(P>0.05);但60日龄HF组羔羊体重,DE、ME、DE/ME,宰前活重(LBW)、头重、心重、蹄重及蹄重占宰前活重的比例、瓣胃重及小肠重有高于NF组羔羊的趋势(0.05<P<0.1),眼肌面积及皱胃重显著高于NF组(P<0.05)。断代乳粉后,所有羔羊饲喂同一种颗粒料至120日龄,前期饲喂高脂肪日粮组的羔羊61—120阶段的DMI和120日龄时羔羊BW,LBW、EBW、HCW、皮+毛重、心重、蹄重占宰前活重的比例及瘤胃重显著高于NF组羔羊(P<0.05),脾、肾重有高于NF组羔羊的趋势(0.05<P<0.1);断代乳粉前饲喂高脂肪日粮不影响断奶后羔羊的能量代谢、其他器官指数及胃肠道发育(P>0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下,断奶前饲喂高脂肪日粮可提高羔羊断奶前体重、消化能和代谢能,改善胴体重及眼肌面积。哺乳期饲喂高脂肪日粮显著提高羔羊断奶后采食量、体重、宰前活重和胴体重。总之,断奶前提高日粮的脂肪含量可对湖羊双胞胎公羔断奶前后的能量代谢和屠宰性能产生积极影响。

关键词: 高脂肪, 双胞胎, 湖羊, 能量代谢

Abstract:

【Objective】Fat is an important nutrient element in animal diet, and it is also the main energy supply material, so it plays an important role in animal production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high fat diet on growth performance, energy metabolism and slaughter performance of early weaned Hu lambs before and after weaning, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for healthy breeding of early weaned lambs. 【Method】Thirty pairs of healthy Hu sheep twin lambs with similar birth age, similar weight were randomly divided into two groups, including high fat diet group (HF: 26.89% and 5.07%) and normal fat diet group (NF: 15.15% and 2.80%). The lambs of the two groups were fed with milk replacer and pellet with different fat levels from 7 to 60 days old and weaned milk powder at 60 days old, and then which were fed with the same pellet from 60 to 120 days. Nine pairs of twin lambs were randomly selected at the age of 50-60 and 110-120 days according to the average body weight, and the digestion and metabolism trails were conducted by the method of total feces and urine collection to evaluate the energy metabolism of lambs fed diets with different fat levels before and after weaning. According to the average body weight of lambs, nine pairs of twin lambs were randomly slaughtered at the age of 60 and 120 days to test slaughter performance, organ indexes, and gastrointestinal development. 【Result】Before weaning, the total dry matter intake (DMI), total energy intake (GE), fecal energy (FE), urinary energy (UE), apparent digestibility of total energy, total energy metabolic rate (ME/GE), empty body weight (EBW), slaughter rate, GR value of lambs in the two groups were significantly higher than those in the control group .There was no significant difference in the proportion of stomach and intestines to pre slaughter live weight (P>0.05); The body weight, DE, ME, DE/ME, HCW, head weight, heart weight, hoof weight, the proportion of hoof weight to live weight before slaughter, omasum weight and small intestine weight of 60 day old lambs in HF group were higher than those in NF group (0.05<P<0.1), and the eye muscle area and abomasum weight were significantly higher than those in NF group (P<0.05). After weaning milk powder, all lambs were fed the same pellet to 120 days of age. DMI of lambs fed high fat diet at 61-120 stage and BW, LBW, EBW, HCW, skin + gross weight, heart weight, hoof weight and rumen weight of lambs at 120 days of age were significantly higher than those in NF group (P<0.05), and spleen and kidney weight were also higher than those in NF group (0.05<P<0.1); the feeding high fat diet before weaning did not affect energy metabolism, other organ index and gastrointestinal development of lambs after weaning (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】Feeding high fat diet before weaning could improve the body weight, digestible energy and metabolizable energy, carcass weight and eye muscle area of lambs. Feeding high fat diet during lactation significantly increased feed intake, body weight, live weight before slaughter and carcass weight of lambs after weaning. In conclusion, the increasing dietary fat content before weaning had a positive effect on energy metabolism and slaughter performance of Hu sheep twin male lambs before and after weaning.

Key words: high-fat, twin, Hu sheep, energy metabolism