中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (18): 3664-3674.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.18.015
收稿日期:
2021-08-02
接受日期:
2022-06-01
出版日期:
2022-09-16
发布日期:
2022-09-22
通讯作者:
刁其玉
作者简介:
张春桃,E-mail: 基金资助:
ChunTao ZHANG(),Tao MA,Yan TU,QiYu DIAO(
)
Received:
2021-08-02
Accepted:
2022-06-01
Online:
2022-09-16
Published:
2022-09-22
Contact:
DIAO QiYu
摘要:
【目的】生物钟系统普遍存在于生命体的各级水平,与动物本身的消化生理及生长性能存在着密切的内在关联。试验探讨了昼夜节律与湖羊瘤胃发酵参数和养分消化代谢的关联,以期为提高育肥羊生长性能和营养物质的利用率提供依据。【方法】选用体重为(21.57±0.77) kg 健康湖羊45只,随机分为3个处理组,每组15只,各处理组采用相同的精料补充料和粗料。3个处理分别设置为:白天处理组(DH),即早上饲喂日总精料的70%+日总粗料的30%;晚上处理组(DL),即早上饲喂日总精料的30%+日总粗料的70%;对照组(CON),即早上和晚上各饲喂日总精料的50%+日总粗料的50%。饲喂两个月后,进行消化代谢试验。采用全收粪、尿法用于测定养分表观消化率和代谢率。饲养试验结束后,分别于晨饲前两小时和晚饲前2h,通过口腔采集瘤胃液样本用于相关指标测定。【结果】①试验羊只的日增重DH组为215.00g,进食量低于DL组和CON组,饲料转化比最优,为5.35,分别优于其他2组11.19 %和16.04 %。②与CON相比,DH组羊只干物质 (DM)、有机物 (OM)、粗蛋白 (CP)、中性洗涤纤维 (NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维 (ADF)消化率均高于CON 和DL组,具体:DH与DL组相比,DM消化率提高了21.42%,CP提高了22.29%,NDF提高了9.85%,ADF提高了28.69%。③氮的生物学价值DH组比CON明显提高(P>0.05)各组间可消化氮的摄入量之间无显著差异,DL组试验羊的总氮排出显著高于DH组(P<0.05)。DH组羊沉积氮、氮利用率和氮的生物学价值显著高于DL组(P<0.05)和CON组(P>0.05)。④不同处理对各组试验羊瘤胃微生物蛋白(MCP)、乙酸、和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)等指标差异不显著(P>0.05),DH组羊只瘤胃pH、乙丙比、丁酸显著低于DL组(P<0.05)。随着昼夜交替变化,瘤胃pH、NH3-N、乙酸、丙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸和乙丙比发生显著变化(P<0.05),相关参数值白天高于夜间。【结论】在相同日粮营养素含量条件下,改变早、晚精粗料比的分配,可提高羊只生长性能和养分的消化利用率;白昼与夜间对瘤胃发酵有影响,白天饲喂高精料日粮对瘤胃TVFA、NH3-N和MCP含量具有促进作用。总之,早上适量提高精料比例,更符合动物机体的消化和吸收的节奏,对饲料的利用效果更佳。
张春桃,马涛,屠焰,刁其玉. 昼夜节律与肉羊养分消化代谢和瘤胃发酵参数的关联[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(18): 3664-3674.
ChunTao ZHANG,Tao MA,Yan TU,QiYu DIAO. Effects of Circadian Rhythm on Rumen Fermentation and Nutrient Digestion of Mutton Sheep[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(18): 3664-3674.
表1
昼夜节律试验设计"
组别 Group | 饲粮 Diets(只/d) | |
---|---|---|
上午 Sunrise | 下午Sunset | |
对照组CON | 50%日总精料 + 50%日总粗料 50% daily total concentrate + 50% daily total roughage | 50%日总精料 + 50%日总粗料 50% daily total concentrate + 50% daily total roughage |
白天组DH | 70%日总精料 + 30%日总粗料 70% daily total concentrate + 30% daily total roughage | 30%日总精料 + 70%日总粗料 30% daily total concentrate + 70% daily total roughage |
晚上组DL | 30%日总精料 + 70%日总粗料 30% daily total concentrate + 70% daily total roughage | 70%日总精料 + 30%日总粗料 70% daily total concentrate + 30% daily total roughage |
表2
饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)"
项目 Item | 原料组成Ingredient | ||
---|---|---|---|
精料Concentrate | 羊草Wildrye | 精料+羊草 Concentrate + Wildrye | |
干物质DM (%) | 94.77 | 90.93 | 93.08 |
有机物OM (%) | 88.93 | 93.26 | 90.84 |
代谢能ME (MJ·kg-1) | 11.52 | 5.93 | 9.06 |
粗蛋白质CP (%) | 19.27 | 7.60 | 14.14 |
粗脂肪EE (%) | 3.43 | 2.45 | 3.00 |
中性洗涤纤维NDF (%) | 18.46 | 65.90 | 39.33 |
酸性洗涤纤维ADF (%) | 14.34 | 40.62 | 25.90 |
粗灰分Ash (%) | 11.07 | 6.74 | 9.16 |
钙Ca (%) | 0.81 | 0.50 | 0.71 |
磷P (%) | 0.49 | 0.08 | 0.31 |
表3
昼夜节律与肉羊瘤胃营养物质的关联"
项目 Item | 组别 Group | SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CON | DH | DL | |||
干物质采食量 DMI (kg·d-1) | 1.20 | 1.15 | 1.21 | 0.019 | 0.07 |
平均日增重 ADG (kg·d-1) | 201.33 | 214.73 | 194.61 | 0.089 | 0.16 |
饲料转化比 F/G | 5.96 | 5.36 | 6.29 | 0.208 | 0.08 |
营养物质表观消化率 Nutrient apparent digestibility (%) | |||||
干物质 DM | 57.04 | 62.80 | 51.72 | 3.117 | 0.42 |
有机物 OM | 59.21 | 64.77 | 59.21 | 3.320 | 0.80 |
粗蛋白 CP | 53.38 | 57.61 | 47.11 | 3.389 | 0.52 |
粗脂肪 EE | 68.46 | 69.41 | 73.43 | 2.882 | 0.79 |
中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 63.01 | 62.87 | 57.23 | 3.157 | 0.73 |
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 54.43 | 56.83 | 44.16 | 3.675 | 0.41 |
表4
昼夜节律与肉羊蛋白质代谢的关联"
项目 Item | 组别 Group | SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CON | DH | DL | |||
摄入氮 N intake (g·d-1) | 29.40 | 28.13 | 30.70 | 0.473 | 0.07 |
粪氮 Fecal N (g·d-1) | 11.13 | 10.44 | 11.43 | 0.345 | 0.53 |
尿氮 Fecal N (g·d-1) | 8.26ab | 5.96b | 11.30a | 0.752 | 0.01 |
总排出氮 Total N excretion (g·d-1) | 19.38ab | 16.39b | 23.29a | 0.945 | 0.01 |
表观可消化氮 Absorbed N (g·d-1) | 18.27 | 17.69 | 18.71 | 0.374 | 0.58 |
沉积氮 Retained N (g·d-1) | 10.01ab | 11.74a | 7.41b | 0.795 | 0.11 |
氮表观消化率 Apparent digestibility of N (%) | 62.21 | 62.90 | 60.92 | 0.942 | 0.75 |
氮利用率 Utilization efficiency of N (%) | 34.16ab | 41.61a | 23.95b | 2.815 | 0.04 |
氮的生物学价值 Biological value of N (%) | 54.66ab | 65.76a | 39.28b | 4.143 | 0.03 |
表5
昼夜节律与肉羊瘤胃pH、NH3-N、MCP的关联"
项目 Item | 昼夜 Time period | 处理 Group | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CON | DH | DL | 处理 Groups | 时间 Time | 处理×时间 Group×Time | |||
pH | 白天 Day | 6.84a | 6.26b | 7.02a | 0.118 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
黑夜 Night | 6.30a | 6.12b | 6.38a | |||||
氨态氮 NH3-N (mg·dL-1) | 白天 Day | 10.40b | 17.91a | 10.08b | 0.745 | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 |
黑夜 Night | 11.18 | 10.56 | 11.46 | |||||
微生物蛋白 MCP (mg·mL-1) | 白天 Day | 1.39 | 1.78 | 1.42 | 0.009 | 0.82 | 0.12 | 0.79 |
黑夜 Night | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.11 |
表6
昼夜节律与肉羊瘤胃VFA的关联"
项目 Item | 时间段 Time period | 处理组 Group | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CON | DH | DL | 处理 Groups | 时间段 Time | 处理×时间段 Group×time | |||
乙酸 Acetic acid (AA,mmol·L-1) | 白天Day | 34.46 | 48.41 | 39.47 | 0.008 | 0.84 | 0.07 | <0.01 |
黑夜Night | 39.81 | 28.80 | 34.08 | |||||
丙酸 Propionic acid (PA,mmol·L-1) | 白天Day | 11.29b | 21.76a | 12.49b | 0.232 | 0.03 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
黑夜Night | 11.47 | 9.25 | 10.97 | |||||
异丁酸 Isobutyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 白天Day | 7.40ab | 10.12a | 6.46b | 0.128 | 0.05 | 0.63 | 0.46 |
黑夜Night | 6.89 | 8.50 | 7.38 | |||||
丁酸 Butyric acid(mmol·L-1) | 白天Day | 5.19a | 1.51b | 6.26a | 0.470 | <0.01 | 0.23 | 0.05 |
黑夜Night | 5.58a | 3.57b | 5.45a | |||||
异戊酸 Isovaleric acid(mmol·L-1) | 白天Day | 0.49 | 0.66 | 0.51 | 0.026 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.11 |
黑夜Night | 0.87 | 0.71 | 0.71 | |||||
戊酸 Valeric acid(mmol·L-1) | 白天Day | 0.39b | 0.86a | 0.34b | 0.154 | 0.025 | 0.061 | <0.001 |
黑夜Night | 0.48 | 0.32 | 0.37 | |||||
总挥发酸 TVFA(mmol·L-1) | 白天Day | 59.22b | 81.31a | 65.53b | 0.342 | 0.472 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
黑夜Night | 65.08 | 51.16 | 59.07 | |||||
乙/丙 AA/PA | 白天Day | 3.12a | 2.52b | 3.22a | 0.030 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.545 |
黑夜Night | 3.48 | 3.17 | 3.53 |
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