黄瓜花叶病毒侵染烟草对烟蚜生长发育、取食和选择行为的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.08.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明黄瓜花叶病毒（cucumber mosaic virus,CMV）侵染烟草对烟蚜（Myzus persicae）生长发育和行为的影响,研究CMV 2b基因在烟蚜与CMV互作中的作用。【方法】供试寄主植物为健康烟草和CMV侵染、CMV 2b基因缺失突变体（CMVΔ2b）侵染烟草,利用Y型嗅觉仪测定烟蚜对不同烟草寄主的选择趋向;利用刺吸电位图谱（electrical penetration graph,EPG）监测烟蚜取食行为,并结合寄主植物内总糖和游离氨基酸含量分析CMV侵染对烟蚜取食行为的影响;通过单株微虫笼记录蚜虫生命参数并分析CMV侵染烟草对烟蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响。【结果】CMV侵染烟草叶片中总糖含量显著低于健康烟草,而游离氨基酸的含量显著高于健康烟草和CMVΔ2b侵染烟草。CMVΔ2b侵染烟草中的苏氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于其他处理烟草,缬氨酸和赖氨酸含量显著高于健康烟草;而CMV侵染烟草中的天冬氨酸含量显著低于其他处理烟草,其胱氨酸含量显著高于CMVΔ2b侵染烟草。相较于CMV侵染烟草,烟蚜对健康烟草和CMVΔ2b侵染烟草有着更强的选择趋向,而烟蚜对健康烟草与CMVΔ2b侵染烟草的选择行为无显著差异。CMV侵染烟草对烟蚜的生长发育和取食行为产生不利影响。烟蚜在CMV侵染烟草上的刺探行为（pd波）发生次数最多,韧皮部取食（E2波）的持续时间最短,且木质部吸食（G波）的发生频率显著高于健康烟草和CMVΔ2b侵染烟草,表明CMV侵染烟草不适宜烟蚜取食。烟蚜的生长特性试验表明CMV侵染烟草显著延长了烟蚜的若蚜历期,提高了2龄若蚜的死亡率,缩短了烟蚜的寿命,显著降低了烟蚜繁殖力。CMV侵染烟草上烟蚜的内禀增长率（r）和周限增长率（λ）均显著低于健康烟草和CMVΔ2b侵染烟草,CMV的侵染不利于烟蚜种群的增长。【结论】CMV侵染改变了烟草营养物质组成,CMV 2b基因的存在增加了烟蚜刺探频率,减少了烟蚜在烟株上的韧皮部取食;CMV侵染导致烟蚜若蚜历期延长、死亡率增加,烟蚜寿命和繁殖力均显著降低;CMV侵染降低了烟蚜的寄主适合度,促使蚜虫向新寄主植物转移,从而促进了病毒的扩散传播。

关键词: 黄瓜花叶病毒, 烟蚜, 烟草, 生长发育, 取食行为, 寄主选择

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection on the growth, development and behavior of Myzus persicae on tobacco, and the role of 2b gene in the interaction between M. persicae and CMV.【Method】The host plants to be used were healthy tobacco, CMV-infected and CMV 2b gene deletion mutant (CMVΔ2b) infected tobacco. The Y-shaped olfactometer was used to determinate the selection tendency of M. persicae to different host tobacco plants, and electrical penetration graph (EPG) was used to monitor M. persicae feeding behavior combined with the detection of total sugar and free amino acid content in the host plant. The aphid life table was recorded through a single micro-cage to analyze the effects of CMV-infected tobacco on the growth and reproduction of M. persicae.【Result】The total sugar content of CMV-infected tobacco was significantly lower than that of healthy tobacco, while the content of free amino acids was significantly higher than that of healthy tobacco and CMVΔ2b-infected tobacco. The contents of threonine, glutamic acid, glycine, tyrosine, histidine, arginine and proline in the tobacco infected by CMVΔ2b were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The contents of valine and lysine in CMVΔ2b-infected tobacco were significantly higher than those of healthy tobacco. The content of aspartic acid in CMV-infected tobacco was significantly lower than that of other treatments, and its cystine content was significantly higher than that of CMVΔ2b-infected tobacco. Compared with CMV-infected tobacco, M. persicae had a stronger selection trend to healthy tobacco and CMVΔ2b-infected tobacco. There was no significant difference in the host selection behavior of M. persicae between healthy tobacco and CMVΔ2b-infected tobacco. CMV infection adversely affected the growth and feeding behavior of M. persicae. M. persicae had the most frequent probing behavior (pd wave) and the shortest duration of phloem feeding (E2 wave) on CMV-infected tobacco, and the frequency of xylem feeding (G wave) was significantly higher than that of healthy tobacco and CMVΔ2b-infected tobacco. The results indicated that CMV-infected tobacco was not suitable for aphid feeding. The growth characteristics of the M. persicae showed that CMV infection significantly prolonged the duration of the nymph aphid, increased the mortality rate of the 2nd-instar aphid, reduced the longevity of the aphid, and significantly reduced the fecundity of the aphid. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) of M. persicae on CMV-infected tobacco were significantly lower than those of healthy and CMVΔ2b-infected tobacco. CMV infection was not conducive to population growth of M. persicae.【Conclusion】CMV infection changes the composition of tobacco nutrients. The presence of CMV 2b gene increases the probing frequency and reduces the phloem feeding behavior. CMV infection results in prolonging pre-adult period, increasing mortality, decreasing longevity and fecundity of M. persicae. CMV infection reduces the host fitness of M. persicae, promotes aphids to transfer to new host plants, thus promoting the spread of the CMV.

Key words: cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Myzus persicae, tobacco, growth and development, feeding behavior, host selection

陈茜,刘英杰,董勇浩,刘金燕,李炜,徐蓬军,臧云,任广伟. 黄瓜花叶病毒侵染烟草对烟蚜生长发育、取食和选择行为的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(8): 1673-1683.

CHEN Xi,LIU YingJie,DONG YongHao,LIU JinYan,LI Wei,XU PengJun,ZANG Yun,REN GuangWei. Effects of CMV-Infected Tobacco on the Performance, Feeding and Host Selection Behavior of Myzus persicae[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(8): 1673-1683.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2021/V54/I8/1673

图/表 8

图1

表1

图2

表2

不同烟草寄主上的烟蚜取食EPG参数"

EPG参数 EPG parameter		健康烟草 Healthy tobacco (n=15)	CMV侵染烟草 CMV-infected tobacco (n=15)	CMVΔ2b侵染烟草 CMVΔ2b-infected tobacco (n=15)
1	第一次刺探发生时间Time to 1st probe from start of EPG (min)	0.64±0.16a	0.75±0.42a	0.76±0.17a
2	第一次E1波前刺探次数Number of probes to the 1st E1	20.40±6.69a	14.00±2.60a	15.33±4.05a
3	pd次数Number of probes	197.73±9.53ab	217.93±50.51a	184.27±11.28b
4	np次数Number of np	39.40±7.97a	48.00±7.57a	46.07±6.17a
5	np 持续时长Total duration of np (min)	52.69±8.52a	63.43±9.67a	61.79±8.56a
6	口针第一次到达韧皮部的时间Time to phloem from the start of EPG (min)	87.72±31.03a	67.05±8.22a	79.89±14.70a
7	E1次数Number of E1	19.53±2.77a	16.60±3.23a	19.13±2.81a
8	E1持续总时长Total duration of E1 (min)	58.31±6.58a	69.64±8.09a	62.00±6.83a
9	E1持续总时长/总记录时间Total duration of E1/total record time (%)	16.20±1.83a	16.56±2.25a	17.22±1.90a
10	E2的次数Number of E2	13.67±2.37a	9.27±2.45a	14.73±2.72a
11	E2持续时长>10 min次数Number of sustained E2 (>10 min)	0.80±0.24a	0.33±0.16a	1.00±0.29a
12	E2持续总时长Total duration of E2 (min)	41.70±9.55ab	19.15±5.30b	42.93±8.81a
13	E2持续总时长/记录总时间Total duration of E2/total record time (%)	11.59±2.65ab	5.32±1.47b	11.92±2.45a
14	E1+E2持续总时长Total duration of E (min)	100.03±13.87a	78.79±11.65a	104.92±11.91a
15	最长E2波时间Duration of the longest E2 (min)	15.50±4.16a	6.11±1.65b	15.54±3.33a
16	G波持续总时间Duration of G (min)	24.13±0.00a	24.52±20.08a	13.57±2.73b
17	出现G波的蚜虫百分比Percentage of aphids showing waveform G (%)	6.67b	20.00a	6.67b
18	C波持续总时长Total duration of C (min)	208.51±10.37a	213.59±11.85a	191.85±10.95a
19	C波持续总时长/记录总时间Total duration of C/total record time (%)	57.92±2.88a	59.33±3.29a	53.29±1.78a

表2

图3

表3

表4

表5

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游离氨基酸 Free amino acid	健康烟草 Healthy tobacco	CMV侵染烟草 CMV-infected tobacco	CMVΔ2b 侵染烟草 CMVΔ2b-infected tobacco
天冬氨酸Aspartic acid	1170.00±126.62a	576.67±61.19b	1230.00±92.37a
苏氨酸Threonine	786.67±91.34b	750.00±109.70b	2723.33±440.54a
丝氨酸Serine	636.67±126.67a	590.00±70.24a	930.00±104.40a
谷氨酸Glutamic acid	1960.00±292.63b	1886.67±144.95b	3030.00±135.77a
甘氨酸Glycine	10.00±0b	20.00±5.77b	70.00±10.00a
丙氨酸Alanine	253.33±8.82a	246.67±26.03a	263.33±12.02a
缬氨酸Valine	263.33±12.02b	306.67±26.03ab	356.67±29.63a
蛋氨酸Methionine	16.67±8.82a	6.67±6.67a	23.33±3.33a
异亮氨酸Isoleucine	53.33±3.33a	60.00±5.78a	50.00±3.77a
亮氨酸Leucine	70.00±5.77a	76.67±8.82a	76.67±8.82a
酪氨酸Tyrosine	63.33±3.33c	96.67±6.67b	133.33±12.02a
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine	203.33±26.03a	226.67±24.04a	263.33±21.86a
赖氨酸Lysine	66.67±3.33b	76.67±8.82ab	100.00±11.54a
组氨酸Histidine	36.67±3.33b	50.00±5.77b	133.33±21.86a
精氨酸Arginine	26.67±6.67b	26.67±3.33b	56.67±6.67a
脯氨酸Proline	460.00±40.41b	373.00±67.41b	2763.33±316.88a
色氨酸Tryptophane	33.33±3.33a	80.00±5.77a	133.33±48.42a
胱氨酸Cystine	30.00±0ab	33.33±6.67a	16.67±3.33b

寄主植物 Host plant	1龄若蚜 1st instar	2龄若蚜 2nd instar	3龄若蚜 3rd instar	4龄若蚜 4th instar	若蚜历期 Pre-adult period	成虫期 Adult period	寿命 Adult longevity
健康烟草 Healthy tobacco	1.52±0.10b	1.61±0.11b	1.55±0.10b	2.16±0.14a	6.81±0.16b	15.66±1.52a	22.03±1.54a
CMV侵染烟草 CMV-infected tobacco	2.19±0.20a	2.80±0.21a	2.71±0.25a	2.00±0.22a	9.40±0.58a	11.47±1.68a	12.49±1.49b
CMVΔ2b侵染烟草 CMVΔ2b-infected tobacco	1.67±0.12b	1.83±0.17b	1.45±0.13b	2.32±0.15a	7.32±0.24b	16.09±1.77a	20.26±1.94a

寄主植物 Host plant	成虫繁殖前期 Adult pre-reproductive period (d)	总繁殖前期 Total pre-reproductive period (d)	繁殖期 Reproductive days (d)	繁殖力（单雌产蚜量） Fecundity (number of nymphs produced by one female aphid)
健康烟草 Healthy tobacco	0.88±0.16a	7.69±0.21b	10.66±1.19a	24.66±3.44a
CMV侵染烟草 CMV-infected tobacco	1.17±0.35a	10.33±0.88a	9.25±1.40a	12.13±2.93b
CMVΔ2b侵染烟草 CMVΔ2b-infected tobacco	0.81±0.19a	8.00±0.32b	10.86±1.17a	19.32±2.86ab

寄主植物 Host plant	内禀增长率 Intrinsic rate of increase (r, d^-1)	周限增长率 Finite rate of increase (λ, d^-1)	净生殖率 Net reproductive rate (R₀, offspring)	平均世代周期 Mean generation time (T, d)	总繁殖率 Gross reproduction rate (GRR)
健康烟草 Healthy tobacco	0.25±0.01a	1.28±0.02a	23.91±3.39a	12.95±0.32a	34.73±2.95a
CMV侵染烟草 CMV-infected tobacco	0.11±0.02c	1.11±0.02c	5.20±1.58b	15.65±1.36a	27.78±7.18ab
CMVΔ2b侵染烟草 CMVΔ2b-infected tobacco	0.20±0.01b	1.22±0.02b	15.74±2.69a	13.59±0.49a	27.43±2.24b