黄壤性水稻土有机碳及其组分对长期施肥的响应及其演变

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.23.012

中国农业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (23): 4593-4601.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.23.012

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

黄壤性水稻土有机碳及其组分对长期施肥的响应及其演变

王小利¹，郭振¹，段建军²，周志刚¹，刘彦伶^{3, 4}，张雅蓉^{3, 4}

¹贵州大学农学院，贵阳 550025；²贵州大学烟草学院/贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室，贵阳 550025；³贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所，贵阳 550006；⁴农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站，贵阳 550006

收稿日期:2017-05-10 出版日期:2017-12-01 发布日期:2017-12-01
通讯作者: 段建军，E-mail：djjwxl@126.com
作者简介:王小利，E-mail：xlwang@gzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（31360503、41361064、41461069）、贵州省农业科学院自主创新专项（黔农科院自主创新专项2014007号，黔农科院科技创新专项[2017] 06号）、贵州省科技计划项目（黔科平台[2013]4002号）、贵州省联合基金（黔科合LH字[2015]7079号）

The Changes of Organic Carbon and Its Fractions in Yellow Paddy Soils Under Long-Term Fertilization

WANG XiaoLi¹, GUO Zhen¹, DUAN JianJun², ZHOU ZhiGang¹, LIU YanLing^{3, 4}, ZHANG YaRong^{3, 4}

¹ College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025; ²College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University / Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025; ³Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006; ⁴Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment (Guizhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang 550006

Received:2017-05-10 Online:2017-12-01 Published:2017-12-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】不同保护机制的有机碳由于稳定性的差异，表现出不同的肥力效应和生物有效性。研究贵州省主要水稻土类型黄壤性水稻土有机碳组分对长期施肥的响应及其演变，为区域稻田土壤固碳潜力评估和地力提升技术筛选提供科学依据。【方法】依托贵州省黄壤性水稻土长期施肥定位试验（始于1995年），采集2006—2014年间5个偶数年份不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）、单施有机肥（M）、低量有机肥无机肥配施（0.5MNPK）和常量有机肥无机肥配施（MNPK）5个处理的土样，采用Stewart物理-化学联合分组法和碳氮分析仪，测定土壤总有机碳及未保护（即游离活性）、物理保护、化学保护和生物化学保护4个有机碳组分的含量，并采用线性回归法分析其演变特征。【结果】与不施肥（CK）及单施化肥（NPK）处理相比，施用有机肥（M、0.5MNPK和MNPK）显著增加了土壤游离活性、物理保护、化学保护有机碳含量（P< 0.05 ），总有机碳提升15%—39%，其中以常量有机无机配施（MNPK）的提升幅度最高。拟合分析发现，2006—2014年间，4个施肥处理的土壤有机碳及其组分含量随时间均呈增加趋势，除生物化学保护有机碳外，其余组分有机碳有机肥处理的线性增加趋势比单施化肥（NPK）处理更为明显，不施肥处理随时间无明显变化。施用有机肥（M、0.5MNPK和MNPK）处理的土壤游离活性、物理保护、化学保护有机碳含量的年均增加速率和增幅均高于不施肥（CK）及单施化肥（NPK）处理，总有机碳的年均增加速率分别为不施肥（CK）及单施化肥（NPK）处理的3.5—3.7倍和1.5—1.6倍。游离活性有机碳占总有机碳的比例（58%—63%）是其他组分的3—14倍。【结论】未保护游离活性有机碳是土壤总有机碳的最大部分，且对施肥响应最敏感。常量有机无机肥配施是提升土壤有机碳储量的最有效模式。

关键词: 长期施肥, 黄壤性水稻土, Stewart物理-化学联合分组, 土壤有机碳, 有机碳组分

Abstract: 【Objective】The organic carbon of different protection mechanisms showed different fertility and bioavailability due to the difference in stability. The study of the response of soil organic carbon and its fractions in yellow paddy soils (main type of paddy soils in Guizhou province) on long-term fertilization and its evolution characteristics will provide scientific basis for the assessment of carbon sequestration potential and the improvement of soil fertility in paddy field in southwest China. 【Method】Soil samples of five fertilization treatments, including no fertilizer control (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), organic manure (M), low application rate of manure combined with chemical fertilizer (0.5MNPK) , and normal application rate of manure combined with chemical fertilizer (MNPK) , were collected every two years from 2006 to 2014 in the long-term fertilization experiment (starting from 1995) of yellow paddy soil in Guizhou Province, China. The content of soil total organic carbon and its four fractions organic carbon (unprotected organic carbon, physically-protected organic carbon, chemically-protected organic carbon and biochemically- protected organic carbon) were determined by Stewart physical-chemical fractionation method and elemental analyzing method. The linear regression equations were used to model the evolution characteristics of soil total organic carbon and organic carbon fractions. 【Result】The results showed that compared with CK and NPK treatments, soil total organic carbon contents under the manuring treatments (0.5MNPK/M/MNPK) were significantly increased by 15%-39%, among which MNPK treatment had the maximum increasing range, and the unprotected organic carbon, physically-protected organic carbon and chemically-protected organic carbon were significantly increased under the manuring treatments (0.5MNPK/M/MNPK). The soil organic carbon and its fractions contents in four fertilization treatments (NPK/0.5MNPK/M/MNPK) increased with time from 2006 to 2014, among which the trends of linear increase of unprotected organic carbon, physically-protected organic carbon and chemically-protected organic carbon under the manuring treatments (0.5MNPK/M/MNPK) were more obvious than NPK treatment. However, which of CK treatment had no evident change with fertilization time. The average annual growth rate and growth range of soil unprotected organic carbon, physically-protected organic carbon and chemically-protected organic carbon under manuring treatments (0.5MNPK/M/MNPK) were both higher than those of CK and NPK treatments. The average annual increasing rates of soil total organic carbon under manuring treatments (0.5MNPK/M/MNPK) were 3.5-3.7 times and 1.5-1.6 times than those of CK and NPK treatments, respectively. The ratio of unprotected organic carbon to total organic carbon (58%-63%) was 3-14 times than those of other organic carbon fractions. 【Conclusion】The unprotected organic carbon not only accounted for the largest portion in soil organic carbon, but also had the most highly sensitivity to fertilization. The normal application rate of manure combined with chemical fertilizer is an effective model for improving soil organic carbon storage.

Key words: long-term fertilization, yellow paddy soil, Stewart physical-chemical fractionation, soil organic carbon, organic carbon fractions

王小利，郭振，段建军，周志刚，刘彦伶，张雅蓉. 黄壤性水稻土有机碳及其组分对长期施肥的响应及其演变[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(23): 4593-4601.

WANG XiaoLi, GUO Zhen, DUAN JianJun, ZHOU ZhiGang, LIU YanLing, ZHANG YaRong. The Changes of Organic Carbon and Its Fractions in Yellow Paddy Soils Under Long-Term Fertilization[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(23): 4593-4601.

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黄壤性水稻土有机碳及其组分对长期施肥的响应及其演变

The Changes of Organic Carbon and Its Fractions in Yellow Paddy Soils Under Long-Term Fertilization

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