长期施肥对红壤性水稻土不同土层活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究基于长期定位试验,探索长期不同施肥下红壤性水稻土不同土层活性有机质（labile organic matter (LOM)）和碳库管理指数（carbon pool management index,CPMI）变化特征,为红壤性水稻土碳库的合理管理提供依据。【方法】选取进贤红壤长期定位试验站4个典型施肥处理：（1）不施肥（CK）;（2）单施化肥（NPK）;（3）在NPK的基础上早稻施绿肥,晚稻施猪粪和稻草冬季还田（NPKSM）;（4）在NPK的基础上早稻施绿肥,稻草冬季还田（NPKS）,测定并分析0—10、10—20、20—40及40—60 cm土层土壤高活性有机质（HLOM）、中活性有机质（MLOM）、低活性有机质（LLOM）、非活性有机质（NLOM）含量以及CPMI变化特征。【结果】不同处理土壤有机质（SOM）含量均随土层加深而降低,施肥处理相对CK均明显提高了不同土层的SOM;在0—20 cm土层,SOM含量表现为NPKSM>NPKS>NPK>CK,且均以NPKSM处理最高,达到43.47 g·kg ^-1（10—20 cm）和45.09 g·kg ^-1（0—10 cm）;在20—60 cm土层,NPKSM和NPKS处理相较于CK显著提高了土壤有机质含量,但两者之间差异不显著。除NPK处理外,各处理土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）含量随土层的加深显著降低。NPKSM和NPKS处理相较于NPK和CK,显著提高了耕层（0—20 cm）土壤DOC的含量,其中NPKSM处理最高,为35.93 mg·kg ^-1。施肥处理比CK处理提高了土壤HLOM、MLOM、LLOM含量,相同处理相同土层表现为LLOM>MLOM>HLOM,其中NPKSM和NPKS显著提高了各LOM组分含量,且随土层的加深无明显犁底层效应,这可能与活性有机质随水分下渗相关。其中,各施肥处理土壤HLOM、MLOM均随土层加深呈先升高后下降趋势,NPKSM和NPKS处理HLOM含量在20—40 cm土层中达到最高,分别为5.31和5.49 g·kg ^-1;各处理MLOM均在10—20 cm土层中达到最高,以NPKSM处理含量最高,为10.62 g·kg ^-1;而土壤LLOM含量随土层的加深而逐渐降低,在0—20 cm土层中以NPKSM处理含量最高,达到18.52 g·kg ^-1（0—10 cm）和15.93 g·kg ^-1（10—20 cm）。不同长期施肥处理提高了土壤各LOM组分的比例及碳库管理指数,在0—10 cm表层土中,NPKS和NPKSM处理相较于CK,总活性有机质比例分别提高了27.9%和29.48%,MLOM占比分别提高了7.21%和7.72%,HLOM占比分别提高了5.10%和4.96%。以不施肥处理为参照,各施肥处理碳库管理指数均大于100,且以NPKSM和NPKS处理提高效果最好,有助于提高红壤性水稻土肥力。相较于CK,单施化肥一定程度上提高了表层土壤有机质、活性有机质、可溶性有机碳及碳库管理指数。耕层（0—20 cm）土壤中3种活性有机质两两之间呈极显著正相关关系（P≤0.01）,且与总有机质、全氮、可溶性有机碳及水稻产量均呈现显著正相关（P≤0.05）。【结论】不同施肥处理土壤有机质和低活性有机质均随土层加深而降低。NPKSM处理提高土壤有机质及活性有机质含量的效果最佳,并能显著提高0—20 cm土层土壤高活性有机质和碳库管理指数,NPKS次之;而在20—60 cm土层中,NPKS处理对提高中活性有机质和碳库管理指数效果最明显。

关键词: 长期施肥, 活性有机质, 碳库管理指数, 土层, 红壤性水稻土

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was aimed to explore the characteristics of the labile organic matter (LOM) and carbon pool management index (CPMI) under different fertilization in different soil layers in red soil, so as to provide a theoretical basis for carbon pool management in red soil. 【Method】Based on the long-term experiment site located at Jinxian, Jiangxi province, four typical treatments were chosen as: (1) no fertilization (CK); (2) mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK); (3) NPK combined with pig manure and straw (NPKSM); (4) NPK combined with straw (NPKS). The highly LOM (HLOM), moderately LOM (MLOM), lowly LOM (LLOM), non-LOM (NLOM) and CPMI in four soil depths (i.e. 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm) were measured and analyzed. 【Result】The results showed that the soil organic matter (SOM) content under each treatment was decreased with increasing of soil depths. Compared with CK treatment, the SOM was increased under the fertilization treatments. In 0-20 cm, the SOM content was ordered as NPKSM >NPKS >NPK >CK, with the highest value as 43.47 g·kg ^-1(10-20 cm) and 45.09 g·kg ^-1(0-10 cm) under NPKSM treatment. In 20-60 cm, the SOM content under NPKSM and NPKS was significantly higher than that under CK, while there was no different between NPKSM and NPKS. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content was decreased with soil depth under all treatments except NPK. The DOC content under NPKSM and NPKS was significantly higher than that under NPK and CK, and the highest value was 35.93 mg·kg ^-1under NPKSM treatment. The HLOM, MLOM, and LLOM content were increased under fertilization treatments compared with CK treatment. The LOM content was ordered as LLOM> MLOM> HLOM under the same treatment in same soil layer. All the LOM components content was significantly higher under NPKSM and NPKS treatments in all soil layers. The HLOM and MLOM content under all treatments were trended as first increased and then decreased with increasing of soil depth. The HLOM content was reached to peak in 20-40 cm under NPKSM (5.31 g·kg ^-1) and NPKS (5.49 g·kg ^-1). The highest MLOM content appeared in 10-20 cm under NPKSM treatment with 10.62 g·kg ^-1. The LLOM content under all treatments was decreased with soil depth. In 0-20 cm, the LLOM content was highest under NPKSM treatment with 18.52 g·kg ^-1(0-10 cm) and 15.93 g·kg ^-1(10-20 cm), respectively. The proportion of different LOM components and CPMI were increased under the fertilizer treatments. In 0-10 cm, compared with CK, the LOM content under NPKS and NPKSM was increased by 27.9%and 29.48%, respectively, MLOM proportion was increased by 7.21% and 7.72%, respectively, HLOM proportion was increased by 5.10% and 4.96%, respectively. The CPMI under fertilization treatment was higher than 100, and which was obviously higher under NPKSM and NPKS. In 0-20 cm, the different LOM components were extremely significantly positive correlation(P≤0.01), and they were significantly positive correlated with total SOM, total nitrogen, dissolved SOM and rice yield (P≤0.05). 【Conclusion】The SOM and LLOM content under all treatments were decreased with the increasing of soil depth. The SOM and all LOM components were significantly improved under NPKSM treatment, and HLOM and CPMI under NPKSM were the highest, followed by NPKS in 0-20 cm, while, which was the highest under NPKS in 20-60 cm.

Key words: long-term fertilization, labile organic matter, carbon pool management index, soil depth, red soil

李小磊,张玉军,申凤敏,姜桂英,刘芳,柳开楼,刘世亮. 长期施肥对红壤性水稻土不同土层活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(6): 1189-1201.

XiaoLei LI,YuJun ZHANG,FengMin SHEN,GuiYing JIANG,Fang LIU,KaiLou LIU,ShiLiang LIU. The Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on the Labile Organic Matter and Carbon Pool Management Index in Different Soil Layers in Red Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(6): 1189-1201.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.06.011

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2020/V53/I6/1189

图/表 6

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

表2

参考文献 46

[1]	LOVELAND P, WEBB J . Is there a critical level of organic matter in the agricultural soils of temperate regions: A review. Soil＆Tillage Research, 2003, 70:1-18.
[2]	BOLINDER M A, ANGERS D A, GREGONCH E G, CARTER M A . The response of soil quality indicators to conservation management. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 1999,79(1):37-45.
[3]	徐明岗, 于荣, 王伯仁 . 土壤活性有机质的研究进展. 土壤肥料, 2000(6):3-7.
	XU M G, YU R, WANG B R . Progress on the study of soil active organic matter. Soil and Fertilizer, 2000(6):3-7. (in Chinese)
[4]	BLAIR G J, LEFORY R D B, LISLE L . Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1995,46:1459-1466.
[5]	JANZEN H H, CAMPBELL C A, BRANDT S A, LAFOND G P, TOWNLEY S L . Light fraction organic matter in soils form long-term crop rotations. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 1992,56:1799-1806.
[6]	DALAI R C, MAYER R J . Long-term trends in fertility of soils under continuous cultivation and cereal cropping in Southern Queensland. Ⅳ. Loss of organic carbon from different density fractions. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 1986,24:301-309.
[7]	邢鹏飞, 高圣超, 马鸣超, 周晓琳, 赵同凯, 孙军德, 沈德龙 . 有机肥替代部分无机肥对华北农田土壤理化特性、酶活性及作物产量的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2016(3):98-104.
	XING P F, GAO S C, MA M C, ZHOU X L, ZHAO T K, SUN J D, SHEN D L . Impact of organic manure supplement chemical fertilizer partially on soil nutrition, enzyme activity and crop yield in the north China plain. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2016(3):98-104. (in Chinese)
[8]	康熙龙, 张旭辉, 张硕硕, 郑聚峰, 李恋卿, 刘晓雨, 潘根兴 . 旱地土壤施用生物质炭的后效应—水分条件对土壤有机碳矿化的影响. 土壤, 2016,48(1):152-158.
	KANG X L, ZHANG X H, ZHANG S S, ZHENG J F, LI L Q, LIU X Y, PAN G X . Effects of biochar application history on soil: effect of moisture regime on dynamics of soil organic carbon mineralization. Soils, 2016,48(1):152-158. (in Chinese)
[9]	王雪芬, 胡锋, 彭新华, 周虎, 余喜初 . 长期施肥对红壤不同有机碳库及其周转速率的影响. 土壤学报, 2012,49(5):954-961.
	WANG X F, HU F, PENG X H, ZHOU H, YU C X . Effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon pools and their turnovers in a red soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2012,49(5):954-961. (in Chinese)
[10]	王伯仁, 徐明岗, 文石林 . 长期不同施肥对旱地红壤性质和作物生长的影响. 水土保持学报, 2005,19(1):97-100.
	WANG B R, XU M G, WEN S L . Effect of long time fertilizers application on soil characteristics and crop growth in red soil upland. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005,19(1):97-100. (in Chinese)
[11]	周卫军, 王凯荣, 刘鑫 . 有机物循环对红壤稻田土壤N矿化的影响. 生态学杂志, 2004,23(1):39-43.
	ZHOU W J, WANG K R, LIU X . Effects of organic residue cycling on soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics of rice cropping system in red soil region of China. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2004,23(1):39-43. (in Chinese)
[12]	张玉军, 董士刚, 刘世亮, 张弘, 李影, 郭斗斗, 黄绍敏, 申凤敏, 姜桂英 . 不同有机物料对土壤基本化学性质及可溶性有机碳氮的影响. 中国农学通报, 2017,33(29):116-123.
	ZHANG Y J, DONG S G, LIU S L, ZHANG H, LI Y, GUO D D, HUANG S M, SHEN F M, JIANG H Y . Effect of different organic materials on soil chemical properties and dissolved organic carbon/nitrogen. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2017,33(29):116-123. (in Chinese)
[13]	杨滨娟, 黄国勤, 兰延, 陈洪俊, 王淑彬 . 施氮和冬种绿肥对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响. 应用生态学报, 2014,25(10):2907-2913.
	YANG B J, HUANG G Q, LAN Y, CHEN H J, WANG S B . Effects of nitrogen application and winter green manure on soil active organic carbon and the soil carbon pool management index. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014,25(10):2907-2913. (in Chinese)
[14]	邱莉萍, 张兴昌, 程积民 . 土地利用方式对土壤有机质及其碳库管理指数的影响. 中国环境科学, 2009,29(1):84-89.
	QIU L P, ZHANG X C, CHENG J M . Effects of land-use type on soil organic matter and carbon management index in Ziwuling area. China Environmental Science, 2009,29(1):84-89. (in Chinese)
[15]	夏战鹰, 黄道友, 刘守龙, 朱捍华 . 稻草添加对新垦红壤易氧化有机碳和腐殖碳的影响. 土壤通报, 2014,45(4):871-875.
	XIA Z Y, HUANG D Y, LIU S L, ZHU H H . Effects of ex situ incorporation of rice straw on readily oxidizable organic carbon and humus carbon in a new reclaimed red soil. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2014,45(4):871-875. (in Chinese)
[16]	周兴, 廖育林, 鲁艳红, 谢坚, 杨曾平, 聂军, 曹卫东 . 肥料减施条件下水稻土壤有机碳组分对紫云英—稻草协同利用的响应. 水土保持学报, 2017,31(3):283-290.
	ZHOU X, LIAO Y L, LU Y H, XIE J, YANG, C P, NIE J, CAO W D . Responses of contents of soil organic carbon fraction to Chinese Milk Vetch-rice straw synergistic dispatching under the condition of reducing fertilizer application. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017,31(3):283-290. (in Chinese)
[17]	周卫军, 王凯荣, 郝金菊, 刘鑫 . 红壤稻田生态系统有机物料循环对土壤有机碳转化的影响. 生态学杂志, 2006,25(2):140-144.
	ZHOU W J, WANG K R, HAO J J, LIU X . Effects of organic materials cycling on soil organic carbon turnover in a red soil paddy ecosystem. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2006,25(2):140-144. (in Chinese)
[18]	徐明岗, 于荣, 孙小凤, 刘烨, 王伯仁, 李菊梅 . 长期施肥对我国典型土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2006,12(4):459-465.
	XU M G, YU R, SUN X F, LIU Y, WANG B M, LI J M . Effects of long-term fertilization on labile organic matter and carbon management index (CMI) of the typical soils of China. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2006,12(4):459-465. (in Chinese)
[19]	吴家梅, 霍莲杰, 纪雄辉, 谢运河, 田发祥, 彭华, 朱坚, 官迪 . 不同施肥处理对土壤活性有机碳和甲烷排放的影响. 生态学报, 2017,37(18):6167-6175.
	WU J M, HUO L J, JI X H, XIE Y H, TIAN F X, PENG H, ZHU J, GUAN D . Effects of organic manure application on active soil organic carbon and methane emission in paddy soils. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017,37(18) : 6167-6175. (in Chinese)
[20]	张璐, 张文菊, 徐明岗, 蔡泽江, 彭畅, 王伯仁, 刘骅 . 长期施肥对中国3种典型农田土壤活性有机碳库变化的影响. 中国农业科学, 2009,42(5):1646-1655.
	ZHANG L, ZHANG W J, XU M G, CAI Z J, PENG C, WANG B R, LIU Y . Effects of long-term fertilization on change of labile organic carbon in three typical upland soils of China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009,42(5):1646-1655. (in Chinese)
[21]	张文锋, 袁颖红, 周际海, 芮绍云, 李丽, 李大明, 黄欠如, 成艳红 . 长期施肥对红壤性水稻土碳库管理指数和双季水稻产量的影响. 生态环境学报 2016,25(4):569-575.
	ZHANG W F, YUAN Y H, ZHOU J H, RUI S Y, LI L, LI D M, HUANG Q R, CHENG Y H . Effects of long-term fertilization on the carbon management index and double rice yield in red paddy soils. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2016,25(4):569-575. (in Chinese)
[22]	罗原骏, 蒲玉林, 龙高飞, 叶春, 朱波 . 施肥方式对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响. 浙江农业学报, 2018,30(8):1389-1397.
	LUO Y J, PU Y L, LONG G F, YE C, ZHU B . Effects of fertilization on soil active organic carbon and carbon pool management index. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2018,30(8):1389-1397. (in Chinese)
[23]	吴金水 . 土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用. 北京: 气象出版社, 2006: 54.
	WU J S . Method and Application of Soil Microbial Biomass Measurement. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2006: 54. (in Chinese)
[24]	鲍士旦 . 土壤农化分析. 北京: 中国农业出版社 2000: 30-34.
	BAO S D . Soil and Agrochemical Analysis. Beijing: Chinese Agricultural Press, 2000: 30-34. (in Chinese)
[25]	LOGNINOW W, WISNIEWSKI W, STRONY W M, CIESCINSKA B . Fractionation of organic carbon based on susceptibility to oxidation. Polish Journal of Soil Science, 1987,20(1):47-52.
[26]	李娟, 赵秉强, 李秀英, HWAT Bing So . 长期有机无机肥料配施对土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响. 中国农业科学, 2008,41(1):144-152.
	LI J, ZHAO B Q, LI X Y, HWAT B S . Effects of long-term combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil microbiological properties and soil fertility. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2008,41(1):144-152. (in Chinese)
[27]	汪吉东, 张永春, 俞美香, 沈明星, 许仙菊 . 不同有机无机肥配合施用对土壤活性有机质含量及pH值的影响. 江苏农业学报, 2007,23(6):573-578.
	WANG J D, ZHANG Y C, YU M X, SHEN M X, XU X J . Effect of combined organic and inorganic fertilizer on labile organic matter and acidity of soil. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2007,23(6):573-578. (in Chinese)
[28]	宓文海, 吴良欢, 马庆旭, 张宣, 刘彦伶 . 有机物料与化肥配施提高黄泥田水稻产量和土壤肥力. 农业工程学报, 2016,32(13):103-108.
	MI W H, WU L H, MA Q X, ZHANG X, LIU Y L . Combined application of organic materials and inorganic fertilizers improving rice yield and soil fertility of yellow clayey paddy soil. Transactions of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016,32(13):103-108. (in Chinese)
[29]	康国栋, 魏家星, 邬梦成, 李鹏, 成艳红, 李大明, 刘满强, 李辉信, 胡锋, 焦加国, 王霞 . 有机物料施用对旱地红壤作物产量和有机质活性组分的影响. 土壤, 2017,49(6):1084-1091.
	KANG G D, WEI J X, WU M C, LI P, CHENG Y H, LI D M, LIU M Q, LI H X, HU F, JIAO J G, WANG X . Effects of organic material application on crop yield and active organic components in upland red soil. Soils, 2017,49(6):1084-1091. (in Chinese)
[30]	沈宏, 曹志洪, 胡正义 . 土壤活性有机碳的表征及其生态效应. 生态学杂志, 1999,18(3):32-38.
	SHEN H, CAO Z H, HU Z Y . Characteristics and ecological effect of the active organic carbon in soil. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 1999,18(3):32-38. (in Chinese)
[31]	张玉军, 董士刚, 刘世亮, 姜桂英, 张弘, 李影, 郭斗斗, 黄绍敏, 申凤敏 . 有机物替代部分化肥对土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响. 河南农业科学, 2018,47(1):43-47.
	ZHANG Y J, DONG S G, LIU S L, JIANG G Y, ZHANG H, LI Y, GUO D D, HUANG S M, SHEN F M . Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers by organic materials on soil labile organic matter and carbon pool management index. Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2018,47(1):43-47. (in Chinese)
[32]	任春雪, 梁成华, 杜立宇, 陈新之, 刘学 . 设施蔬菜栽培土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的研究. 中国土壤与肥料, 2009(1):7-11.
	REN C X, LIANG C H, DU L Y, CHEN X Z, LIU X . Study on son labile organic matter and carbon pool management index of vegetable sheltered field soil. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2009(1):7-11. (in Chinese)
[33]	邓文悦, 柳开楼, 田静, 黄庆海, 叶会财, 娄翼来, 李忠芳, 曹明明 . 长期施肥对水稻土不同功能有机质库碳氮分布的影响. 土壤学报, 2017,54(2):1-13.
	DENG W Y, LIU K L, TIAN J, HUANG Q H, YE H C, LOU Y L, LI Z F, CAO M M . Effects of long-term fertilization on distribution of carbon and nitrogen in different functional soil organic matter fractions in paddy soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2017,54(2):1-13. (in Chinese)
[34]	唐晓雪, 刘明, 江春玉, 吴萌, 李忠佩 . 不同秸秆还田方式对红壤性质及花生生长的影响. 土壤, 2015,47(2):324-328.
	TANG X X, LIU M, JIANG C Y , Effects of different ways of straw returning on red soil properties and peanut growth. Soils, 2015,47(2):324-328. (in Chinese)
[35]	曾令涛, 王东升, 王祯祎, 王斯琪, 盛雄杰, 常江杰, 李辉信, 胡锋, 焦加国 . 蚯蚓堆肥与益生菌配施对土壤肥力及微生物特性的影响. 土壤, 2016,48(6):1100-1107.
	ZENG L T, WANG D S, WANG Z Y, WANG S Q, SHENG X J, CHANG J J, LI H X, HU F, JIAO J G . Effects of interaction between vermicompost and probiotics on soil fertility and microbial properties. Soils, 2016,48(6):1100-1107. (in Chinese)
[36]	张付申 . 不同施肥处理对塿土和黄绵土有机质氧化稳定性的影响. 河南农业大学学报, 1996,30(1):80-84.
	ZHANG F S . Effects of different application of fertilizer to Lou soil and Yellow loamy soil on the oxidation stability of soil. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 1996,30(1):80-84. (in Chinese)
[37]	王彩绒, 杨学云, 张付申 . 施肥对土壤有机质的影响研究. 陕西农业科学, 2000(7):13-15.
	WANG C R, YANG X Y, ZHANG F S . Study on the effect of fertilization on soil organic matter. Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2000(7):13-15. (in Chinese)
[38]	吴小丹, 蔡立湘, 鲁艳红, 谢坚, 廖育林, 郑圣先, 聂军 . 长期不同施肥制度对红壤性水稻土活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响. 中国农学通报, 2018,12(24):283-288.
	WU X D, CAI L X, LU Y H, XIE J, LIAO Y L, ZHENG S X, NIE J . Effects of long-term fertilization systems on soil labile organic matter and carbon management index of reddish paddy soil. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2018,12(24):283-288. (in Chinese)
[39]	SOON Y K, ARSHAD M A, HAQ A, LUPWAYI N . The influence of 12 years of tillage and crop rotation on total and labile organic carbon in a sandy loam soil. Soil and Tillage Research, 2007,95(1):38-46.
[40]	DOU F, WRIGHT A L, HONS F M . Sensitivity of labile soil organic carbon to tillage in wheat-based cropping systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2008,72(5):1445-1453.
[41]	臧逸飞, 郝明德, 张丽琼, 张昊青 . 26年长期施肥对土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤呼吸的影响. 生态学报, 2015,35(5):1445-1451.
	ZANG Y F, HAO M D, ZHANG L Q, ZHANG H Q . Effects of wheat cultivation and fertilization on soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial biomass nitrogen and soil basal respiration in 26 years. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015,35(5):1445-1451. (in Chinese)
[42]	陈武荣, 刘勤, 禹洪双, 王德建, 曹志洪 . 长期不同施肥处理水稻土溶解性有机质组分含量及其特性研究. 水土保持学报, 2010,24(6):111-116.
	CHEN W R, LIU Q, YU H S, WANG D J, CAO Z H . Fractions and characteristics of dissolved organic matter in long-term fertilization paddy soils. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010,24(6):111-116. (in Chinese)
[43]	袁颖红, 李辉信, 黄欠如, 胡峰, 潘根兴, 樊后保 . 长期施肥对红壤性水稻土活性碳的影响. 生态环境, 2007,16(2):554-559.
	YUAN Y H, LI H X, HUANG Q R, HU F, PAN G X, FAN H B . Effects of long-term different fertilization on labile organic carbon in red paddy soil. Ecology and Environment, 2007,16(2):554-559. (in Chinese)
[44]	WHITBREAD A M, LEFROY R D B, BLAIR G J . A survey of the impact of cropping on soil physical and chemical properties in north-western New South Wales. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 1998,36:669-681.
[45]	张继光, 秦江涛, 要文倩, 周睿, 张斌 . 长期施肥对红壤旱地土壤活性有机碳和酶活性的影响. 土壤, 2010,42(3):364-371.
	ZHANG J G, QIN J T, YAO W Q, ZHOU R, ZHANG B . Effects of long-term fertilization on soil active organic carbon and soil enzyme activities in upland red soils. Soils, 2010,42(3):364-371. (in Chinese)
[46]	王改玲, 李立科, 郝明德 . 长期施肥和秸秆覆盖土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数变化. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017,23(1):20-26.
	WANG G L, LI L K, HAO M D . Effect of long-term fertilization and straw mulch on the contents of labile organic matter and carbon management index. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017,23(1):20-26. (in Chinese)

土壤层次 Soil depth (cm)	处理 Treatment	碳库指数 CPI	高活性有机质 HLOM			中活性有机质 MLOM			低活性有机质 LLOM
土壤层次 Soil depth (cm)	处理 Treatment	碳库指数 CPI	碳库活度 L	活度指数 LI	碳库管理指数 CPMI	碳库活度 L	活度指数 LI	碳库管理指数 CPMI	碳库活度 L	活度指数 LI	碳库管理指数 CPMI
0-10	CK	1.00	0.07	1.00	100	0.13	1.00	100	0.36	1.00	100
	NPK	1.06	0.08	1.25	132	0.17	1.32	139	0.47	1.32	139
	NPKSM	1.25	0.14	2.07	259	0.24	1.83	229	0.86	2.40	300
	NPKS	1.11	0.12	1.78	197	0.21	1.65	183	0.75	2.10	233
10-20	CK	1.00	0.08	1.00	100	0.26	1.00	100	0.56	1.00	100
	NPK	1.09	0.10	1.30	141	0.27	1.04	113	0.69	1.23	133
	NPKSM	1.30	0.15	1.87	243	0.40	1.54	199	0.75	1.34	173
	NPKS	1.17	0.11	1.46	171	0.34	1.32	154	0.68	1.21	142
20-40	CK	1.00	1.88	1.00	100	0.45	1.00	100	0.45	1.00	100
	NPK	1.03	1.87	0.99	112	0.63	1.39	157	1.44	3.19	360
	NPKSM	2.04	1.96	1.04	212	0.81	1.79	366	2.80	3.21	655
	NPKS	2.27	1.88	1.00	226	0.81	1.78	404	2.92	3.49	792
40-60	CK	1.00	0.14	1.00	100	0.16	1.00	100	0.27	1.00	100
	NPK	1.06	0.14	0.96	102	0.36	2.20	232	0.33	1.22	130
	NPKSM	2.29	0.32	2.21	505	1.12	3.19	731	0.98	3.07	704
	NPKS	2.61	0.28	1.95	509	0.53	3.24	846	0.61	2.28	594

	MLOM	HLOM	SOM	TN	SMBC	DOC	RY
LLOM	0.948**	0.949**	0.911**	0.828**	0.461	0.713**	0.762**
MLOM		0.857**	0.891**	0.761**	0.431	0.729**	0.791**
HLOM			0.886**	0.942**	0.514	0.665*	0.685*
SOM				0.822**	0.666*	0.487	0.910**
TN					0.592*	0.574	0.626*
SMBC						0.146	0.603*
DOC							0.361