中国农业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (14): 2683-2695.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.14.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同氮效率水稻根系形态和氮素吸收利用与产量的关系

李娜,杨志远,代邹,孙永健,徐徽,何艳,严田蓉,蒋明金,郭长春,王春雨,马均   

  1. 四川农业大学水稻研究所/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,成都 611130
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-09 出版日期:2017-07-16 发布日期:2017-07-16
  • 通讯作者: 马均,E-mail:majunp2002@163.com
  • 作者简介:李娜,E-mail:lina1409bs@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300506)、国家粮食丰产科技工程(2013BAD07B13)

The Relationships Between Root Morphology, N Absorption and Utilization and Grain Yield in Rice with Different N Use Efficiencies

LI Na, YANG ZhiYuan, DAI Zou, SUN YongJian, XU Hui, HE Yan, YAN TianRong, JIANG MingJin, GUO ChangChun, WANG ChunYu, MA Jun   

  1. Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Cultivation in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130
  • Received:2016-11-09 Online:2017-07-16 Published:2017-07-16

摘要: 【目的】探究不同氮效率水稻根系形态和氮素吸收利用与产量关系的规律,明确水稻高产根系形态特征,提出相应的水氮优化管理措施。【方法】2013年以氮高效品种川农优498和氮低效品种川优6203为试验材料,进行不同穗肥运筹比例的裂区试验;2014年以相同试验材料进行穴苗数和促花肥、保花肥配比的裂裂区试验;2015年以氮高效品种德香4103和氮低效品种宜香3724为试验材料,进行水分管理方式和氮肥施用模式的裂裂区试验;分别以上述3个大田试验获得的产量、根系形态及氮素吸收利用相关指标为样本,通过计算方差膨胀因子诊断变量间存在的多重共线性关系。在多重共线性严重的情况下,运用岭回归分析研究根系形态、氮素吸收利用和产量三者之间的关系。基于这些关系在年度间的重演性,确定其中普遍存在的共性规律。【结果】(1)氮高效品种拔节期、抽穗期及成熟期的氮素积累量、氮素干物质生产效率和干物重与产量岭回归方程的决定系数范围分别为0.0219—0.3961、0.0452—0.1379和0.0914—0.6694,氮低效品种分别为0.0084—0.6190、0.1224—0.4341和0.0818—0.4881,产量与氮素吸收利用的关系年度间重演性较差,无明显共性规律;以根干重、不定根数量、长度、表面积、体积、粗分枝根长度、表面积、体积以及细分枝根长度、表面积、体积11项根系形态指标为自变量,氮素积累量、氮素干物质生产效率和干物重三者分别为因变量进行岭回归分析,氮高效品种的回归方程决定系数范围分别为0.0527—0.2728、0.0653—0.3139和0.0714—0.3158,氮低效品种分别为0.0607—0.5040、0.0555—0.4411和0.0724—0.5449,氮素吸收利用与根系形态的关系规律年度间存在较大差异;2013—2015年,氮高效和氮低效品种抽穗期根系形态与产量岭回归方程的决定系数均超过0.8,P<0.001,表明抽穗期根系形态对产量具有显著影响是共性规律。(2)在以抽穗期根系形态指标为自变量,产量为因变量的岭回归方程中,氮高效品种的粗分枝根长度标准回归系数最高,对产量影响最大;对氮低效品种而言,细分枝根表面积的增加对产量提高最有利。(3)常规施氮量(150 kg·hm-2)下,优化施肥模式为穗肥占比40%,且保花肥的比例达到或超过50%,其结合交替灌溉,有利于优化根系形态;SPAD指导施肥模式下,施氮量较优化施肥减少(由150 kg·hm-2降为120 kg·hm-2),采用常规灌溉比交替灌溉更有利于根系形态优化。【结论】水稻抽穗期根系形态与产量关系极为密切,合理的水氮管理措施能够优化根系形态提高产量。常规灌溉结合SPAD指导施肥或交替灌溉结合优化施肥均有利于氮高效品种抽穗期粗分枝根长度的增长和氮低效品种细分枝根表面积的增大,最终提高产量。

关键词: 氮效率, 水稻, 根系形态, 产量, 岭回归分析

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this research is to study the relationships between root morphology, nitrogen (N) absorption and utilization and grain yield in rice with different N use efficiencies, clarify the root morphology characters of high yielding, and put forward the corresponding optimized water-N management practice. 【Method】 In 2013, high N use efficiency (HN) variety Chuannongyou 498 and low N use efficiency (LN) variety Chuanyou 6203 were used as trial materials to conduct a split-plot experiment with different panicle fertilizer ratio. In 2014, a split-split plot experiment was performed with the same varieties, where seedling number per hole was assigned to the split plot, and the proportion of spikelet preserving fertilizer and spikelet promoting fertilizer was assigned to the split-split plot. In 2015, a split-split plot experiment was carried out with water management practice as split plot and N-management practice as split-split plot, where HN variety Dexiang 4103 and LN variety Yixiang 3724 were used as trial materials. Grain yield, root morphology characters, and N absorption and utilization characters, obtained from the above 3 field experiments, were performed multiple collinearity diagnostics through calculating the variance inflation factor. After confirming that there were serious multiple collinearity problems, ridge regression analysis was used as the main data analysis method to investigate the relationships between root morphology characters, N absorption and utilization and grain yield. Based on the recurrence of these relationships from 2013 to 2015, common regularities hidden among these relationships were located. 【Result】 The results were as follows: (1) For HN varieties, the determination coefficients of ridge regression equation between grain yield and N accumulation (NA), N dry matter production efficiency (NDMPE), and dry matter weight (DW) at elongation stage, heading stage, and maturity stage, were in the range of 0.0219-0.3961, 0.0452-0.1379, and 0.0914-0.6694, respectively. For LN varieties, the determination coefficients were in the range of 0.0084-0.6190, 0.1224-0.4341, and 0.0818-0.4881, respectively. The relationship between grain yield and N uptake and utilization was less repeatable during the year, and there was no obvious common regularity. Ridge regression analysis was performed with 11 root morphology characters of total root dry weight, adventitious root number, length, surface area, volume, coarse lateral root length, surface area, volume, and fine lateral root length, surface area, volume as independent variables and NA, NDMPE, and DW as dependent variables, respectively. For HN varieties, the determination coefficients were in the range of 0.0527-0.2728, 0.0653-0.3139, and 0.0714-0.3158, respectively. For LN varieties, the determination coefficients were in the range of 0.0607-0.5040, 0.0555-0.4411, and 0.0724-0.5449, respectively. There were significant differences in the relationships between N absorption and utilization and root morphology among years. From 2013 to 2015, the determination coefficients of ridge regression equation between grain yield and root morphology characters of both HN varieties and LN varieties all exceeded 0.8 (P<0.001), which showed an common regularity that root morphology at heading stage had a significant effect on grain yield. (2) In the ridge regression equation with root morphology characters as independent variables, and grain yield as dependent variable, the coarse lateral root length of HN varieties obtained the largest standard coefficient, and had the greatest impact on grain yield. However, for the LN varieties, the fine lateral root surface area played the most important role in increasing grain yield. (3) With N rate of 150 kg·hm-2, the optimal N management practice (panicle fertilizer ratio was 40% and the ratio of spikelet preserving fertilizer to panicle fertilizer reached or exceeded 50%) combined with dry-wet alternate irrigation was beneficial to optimize the root morphology. For the SPAD-diagnosis N management practice, N rate reduced from 150 kg·hm-2 to 120 kg·hm-2, conventional irrigation mode was more favorable to root morphology optimization than dry-wet alternate irrigation.【Conclusion】Rice root morphology at heading stage had close relationship with grain yield, and appropriate water-N management practice could optimize rice morphology to increase grain yield. SPAD-diagnosis N management practice coupled with conventional irrigation or optimal N management combined with dry-wet alternate irrigation mode could extend the coarse lateral root length of HN varieties as well as the fine lateral root surface area of LN varieties at the heading stage to increase their grain yields, respectively.

Key words: N use efficiency, rice, root morphology, grain yield, ridge regression analysis