多年紫云英-双季稻下不同施肥水平对两类水稻土有机质及可溶性有机质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.21.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (21): 4096-4106.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.21.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

多年紫云英-双季稻下不同施肥水平对两类水稻土有机质及可溶性有机质的影响

周国朋^1,2，曹卫东^1,3，白金顺¹，聂军⁴，徐昌旭⁵，曾闹华¹，高嵩涓^1,2，王艳秋^1,6，志水胜好⁷

¹中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室，中国北京100081
²中国农业科学院研究生院，中国北京 100081
³青海大学/青海省农林科学院土壤肥料研究所，中国西宁 810016
⁴湖南省土壤肥料研究所，中国长沙 410125
⁵内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院，中国呼和浩特 010022
⁶江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所，中国南昌330200
⁷鹿儿岛大学农学部，鹿儿岛，890-8580，日本

收稿日期:2016-04-11 出版日期:2016-11-01 发布日期:2016-11-01
通讯作者: 曹卫东，E-mail：caoweidong@caas.cn
作者简介:周国朋，E-mail：zhouguopeng29@163.com
基金资助:
国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201103005）、英国牛顿基金（BB/N013484/1）、中国农业科学院科技创新工程

Effects of Different Fertilization Levels on Soil Organic Matter and Dissolved Organic Matter in Two Paddy Soils After Multi-Years’ Rotation of Chinese Milk Vetch and Double-Cropping Rice

ZHOU Guo-peng^1,2, CAO Wei-dong^1,3, BAI Jin-shun¹, NIE jun⁴, XU Chang-xu⁵, ZENG Nao-hua¹, GAO Song-juan^1,2, WANG Yan-qiu^1,6, Shimizu Katsuyoshi⁷

¹Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
²Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
³Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
⁴Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China
⁵Institute of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
⁶Institute of Soil & Fertilizer and Resource & Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
⁷Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan

Received:2016-04-11 Online:2016-11-01 Published:2016-11-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】综合评价中国南方不同水稻土多年冬种紫云英配施化肥的培肥效应。【方法】在湖南紫潮泥、江西黄泥田双季稻区设置了连续7年的田间定位试验，比较冬闲（CK）、紫云英（MV）、紫云英+40%化肥（MV+40F）、紫云英+60%化肥（MV+60F）、紫云英+80%化肥（MV+80F）、紫云英+全量100%化肥（MV+100F）、单施全量100%化肥（100F）共7个处理的稻田土壤有机质（OM）、可溶性有机质（DOM）含量及其光谱学特性。【结果】湖南紫潮泥土壤OM和可溶性有机碳（DOC）含量、DOM的荧光吸光强度明显高于江西黄泥田，可溶性有机氮（DON）含量、DOM的紫外-可见吸收峰值则相反。土壤OM在两地均表现为MV处理显著高于其他多数处理（黄泥田MV+100F处理除外）；同100F相比，MV+100F处理降低了湖南紫潮泥、但增加了江西黄泥田的土壤有机质；而绿肥种植体系下随着配施化肥量的增加，绿肥对两类土壤OM的贡献降低。种植绿肥配施80%—100%化肥，土壤DOC含量较100F高（黄泥田MV+100F除外），但单种绿肥（MV）以及绿肥配施40%—60%化肥对两地土壤DOC影响不尽一致。单种植绿肥能够降低两类土壤DOC/SOC，其中，在江西黄泥田上显著低于100F处理；两类土壤上种植翻压绿肥，随着配施化肥量的增加，土壤DOC/SOC随之增加（黄泥田MV+100F除外），表明配施化肥量越高其活化土壤碳库的作用越强。种植绿肥较100F能够有效降低土壤DON含量（黄泥田MV+100F处理除外），且在湖南紫潮泥上更为显著。紫外-可见光谱分析发现，绿肥及绿肥配施40%—60%化肥下，两类土壤DOM的紫外-可见吸收峰值较100F低，且E250/E365值随配施化肥量的增加而降低，表明随着配施化肥量的增加，土壤DOM分子量增大，分子结构越稳定。荧光光谱分析发现，两类土壤可溶性有机质均以类富里酸为主；与100F相比，单种绿肥（MV）以及绿肥配施化肥（黄泥田配施40%—60%化肥）能够增加土壤DOM的荧光强度，降低DOM的腐殖化指数（HIX）。【结论】种植紫云英能有效促进稻田土壤有机质积累，配施化肥降低紫云英对土壤有机质积累的贡献。绿肥配施化肥能够提高土壤碳库活性，并且增加可溶性有机质的分子量及腐殖化程度，进一步解释了配施化肥降低紫云英对土壤碳库贡献。

关键词: 紫云英, 水稻, 化肥, 土壤有机质, 可溶性有机质, 光谱学特性

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study was to evaluate the integrative effects of Chinese milk vetch in corporation and its combination with different rates of fertilizer on soil fertility of paddy field in Southern China. 【Method】 Soil samples were collected from the 6-7 years’ experiments located in Hunan (purple alluvial soil, PA soil) and Jiangxi (yellow clayey soil, YC soil). Seven treatments were designed: winter fallow (CK), 100% fertilizer rate (100F), sole incorporation of milk vetch (MV), and MV combined with different rates of fertilizer (MV+40F, MV+60F, MV+80F, MV+100F). The soil organic matter (OM), dissolved organic matter (DOM) and their spectroscopy characteristics were investigated.【Result】The OM content, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and DOM’s fluorescence intensity were significantly higher in the PA soil than those in the YC soil, but the content of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and the UV-Vis absorption peaks of DOM appeared opposite trends. The OM content of MV treatment was higher than those in other treatments in both the two soils, except for MV+100F in the YC soil. Compared with 100F, MV+100F reduced the OM content in the PA soil, while increased it in the YC soil. The accumulation of OM tended to decrease with the increase of fertilizer application after the MV being incorporated. The DOC content was increased in MV+80F and MV+100F treated soil (except for MV+100F in YC soil) when compared to 100F, while the MV, MV+40F and MV+60F treatments showed different effects in the two soils. The MV treatment increased the DOC/SOC ratio in two types of soils, and the ratio was significantly lower than 100F’s in YC soil. The DOC/SOC ratio tended to increase with the increase of fertilizer application after the MV being incorporated (except for MV+100F YC soil), it showed that combination with more fertilizer would be more beneficial to activation of the soil carbon pool. The MV treatment had lower DON content than 100F (except for MV+100F YC soil), especially in the PA soil. The UV-Vis spectrometric analysis indicated that the UV-Vis absorption peak of DOM in the treatments of green manure and its combination with 40%-60% fertilizer was lower than that in 100F treatment, and the E250/E365 value decreased with the increase of fertilizer addition, it indicated that DOM had the higher molecular weight and more stable molecular structure with the increase of fertilizer application. The fluorescence spectrometric analysis indicated that the fulvic-like humic was the main component of DOM in the two types of soils. Higher fluorescence intensity of DOM than 100F was found in most treatments with MV except for MV+80F and MV+100F in the YC soil, while the humic index was reduced.【Conclusion】OM content was improved by the green manure incorporation, green manure combination with fertilizer could reduce MV’s contribution to OM. After the green manure incorporated, the activity of soil carbon pool and DOM’s humic index increased with the increase of fertilizer, and these could be the reasons why green manure combination with fertilizer reduced MV’s contribution to OM.

Key words: Astragalus sinicus, rice, chemical fertilizer, soil organic matter, dissolved organic matter, spectroscopy characteristics

周国朋，曹卫东，白金顺，聂军，徐昌旭，曾闹华，高嵩涓，王艳秋，志水胜好. 多年紫云英-双季稻下不同施肥水平对两类水稻土有机质及可溶性有机质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(21): 4096-4106.

ZHOU Guo-peng, CAO Wei-dong, BAI Jin-shun, NIE jun, XU Chang-xu, ZENG Nao-hua, GAO Song-juan, WANG Yan-qiu, Shimizu Katsuyoshi. Effects of Different Fertilization Levels on Soil Organic Matter and Dissolved Organic Matter in Two Paddy Soils After Multi-Years’ Rotation of Chinese Milk Vetch and Double-Cropping Rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(21): 4096-4106.

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多年紫云英-双季稻下不同施肥水平对两类水稻土有机质及可溶性有机质的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Levels on Soil Organic Matter and Dissolved Organic Matter in Two Paddy Soils After Multi-Years’ Rotation of Chinese Milk Vetch and Double-Cropping Rice

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