中国农业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 1132-1141.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.06.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

长期施肥下红壤性水稻土有效磷的演变特征及对磷平衡的响应

黄晶1,2,3,张杨珠1,徐明岗2,3,高菊生2,3   

  1. 1湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙 410128
    2中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京 100081
    3中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站/祁阳农田生态系统国家野外试验站,湖南祁阳 426182
  • 收稿日期:2015-09-15 出版日期:2016-03-16 发布日期:2016-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 高菊生,E-mail:gjusheng@163.com。通信作者张杨珠,E-mail:zhangyangzhu2006@163.com
  • 作者简介:黄晶,E-mail:huangjing@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030,201103005)、国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD05B05)

Evolution Characteristics of Soil Available Phosphorus and Its Response to Soil Phosphorus Balance in Paddy Soil Derived from Red Earth Under Long-Term Fertilization

HUANG Jing1,2,3, ZHANG Yang-zhu1, XU Ming-gang2,3, GAO Ju-sheng2,3   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128
    2Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081
    3Red Soil Experimental Station of CAAS in Hengyang / National Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Qiyang 426182, Hunan
  • Received:2015-09-15 Online:2016-03-16 Published:2016-03-16

摘要: 【目的】分析长期不同施肥下土壤有效磷含量、全磷含量、土壤磷素盈亏和磷素活化效率(PAC)的动态变化,探讨不同施肥下水稻土磷素演变特征及与磷平衡的响应关系。【方法】基于1982年开始的红壤性水稻土长期不同施肥定位试验,试验包括不施肥(CK)、有机肥(牛粪,M)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、氮磷钾肥+有机肥(NPKM)、氮磷肥+有机肥(NPM)、氮钾肥+有机肥(NKM)和磷钾肥+有机肥(PKM)共7个处理。【结果】经过30年不同施肥,土壤有效磷含量均呈上升趋势。M、NKM、NPK、NPM、NPKM和PKM处理土壤有效磷含量变化速率分别为0.18、0.20、0.83、1.35、1.46和1.62 mg·kg-1·a-1。M、NPK、PKM、NPM和NPKM处理土壤全磷增加速率分别约为4.3、15.4、16.0、18.3和22.9 mg·kg-1·a-1。所有施肥处理,土壤中磷素均有盈余,磷素盈余量与土壤有效磷增加量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),土壤中每盈余100 kg P·hm-2,M、NKM、NPM、NPKM、PKM和NPK6个处理的土壤有效磷含量分别增加0.4、0.7、1.9、2.1、2.2和3.2 mg·kg-1。在土壤中磷素盈余量接近的情况下,单施化肥(NPK)的PAC显著高于单施有机肥(M)处理(P<0.05)。【结论】化学磷肥和有机肥配施相比单施化肥或有机肥能够显著提高红壤性水稻土土壤有效磷、全磷含量和磷素活化效率。

关键词: 长期施肥, 磷素表观平衡, 有效磷, 全磷, 磷素活化效率

Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to reveal the impact of various fertilization treatments on the characteristics of paddy soil phosphorus (P) evolution, and its response to soil P balance. We analyzed the annual variation of soil available P content, total P content, soil P balance, and phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC). 【Method】 This study was based on a long-term different fertilization experiment of paddy soil in subtropical China that was established in 1982. The different fertilization treatments included non-fertilization (CK), cattle manure (M), chemical nitrogen (N), P and potassium (K) fertilizer (NPK), NPK with M (NPKM), N and P fertilizer with M (NPM), N and K fertilizer with M (NKM), and P and K fertilizer with M (PKM). The annual variation characteristics of soil available P content, total P content, soil P balance, and PAC from 1982 to 2012 were analyzed. 【Result】 Soil available P content improved efficiently through fertilizer application. The change rate of soil available P content of M, NKM, NPK, NPM, NPKM, and PKM was 0.18, 0.20, 0.83, 1.35, 1.46, and 1.62 mg·kg-1·a-1, respectively. The soil total P content was on the decline under non-fertilization. The change rate of the soil total P content of M, NPK, PKM, NPM, and NPKM was 4.3, 15.4, 16.0, 18.3, and 22.9 mg·kg-1·a-1, respectively. All the fertilizer treatments had a P surplus no matter whether applying chemical fertilizer or cattle manure. The P apparent balance was significantly correlated with the Olsen-P increment (P<0.05). With an average surplus of 100 kg P ·hm-2, the soil Olsen-P increased by 0.4, 0.7, 1.9, 2.1, 2.2, and 3.2 mg·kg-1, in the M, NKM, NPM, NPKM, PKM, and NPK treatments, respectively. The PAC of NPK was significantly higher than M and NKM (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the soil P surplus amount among these treatments. 【Conclusion】Applying chemical P fertilizer plus cattle manure can significantly improve the soil available P, total P content, and PAC, compared with the treatments that applied chemical fertilizer or cattle manure alone.

Key words: long-term fertilization, phosphorus apparent balance, soil available phosphorus, soil total phosphorus, phosphorus activation coefficient