基于Meta-Analysis研究施肥对中国农田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.15.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】施肥是影响农田土壤有机碳至关重要的因素之一。探讨施肥对不同利用类型与种植制度下土壤有机碳的影响程度，对于深刻认识农田土壤有机碳及其可持续管理均具有重要意义。【方法】收集已公开发表文献数据，建立具备相同有机碳分组方法但相对独立的286组数据库。采用数据整合分析方法（Meta-analysis），定量分析种植制度、利用类型等人为管理及土壤属性（质地）等因素下施肥（化肥和有机肥）对土壤总有机碳及矿物结合态组分含量的影响程度。【结果】与不施肥相比，施肥均能显著提高土壤总有机碳和矿物结合态组分的含量，其提高的幅度分别为39.4%和27.7%；且施用（增施或配施）有机肥对土壤总有机碳及矿物结合态组分的提高幅度（58.4%和41.9%）是化肥（13.4%和8.0%）的3.4倍和5.2倍。不同种植制度、利用类型和土壤质地条件下，施用化肥和有机肥对土壤总有机碳和矿物结合态组分的影响程度存在显著差异。一年一熟下，施用有机肥对土壤总有机碳的提高幅度（58.5%）显著高于一年两熟制（55.6%），施用化肥对矿物结合态组分含量的提高幅度（10.7%）也显著高于一年两熟（7.3%）；但两种种植制度下施用有机肥对矿物结合态组分含量的提高幅度基本相当（42.6%—43.5%）。不同利用类型下，施肥能显著提高旱地土壤总有机碳及矿物结合态组分，且提高的幅度均高于水田；但施用化肥并没有显著提高水田中土壤总有机碳和矿物结合态含量。不同土壤质地条件下，施用有机肥能使土壤总有机碳水平较低的砂土提高64.4%，显著高于土壤有机碳水平较高的壤土和黏土（48.7%和50.3%）；施用化肥使矿物结合态组分含量较低的砂土提高15.6%，其提高的幅度均显著高于矿物结合态组分含量较高的壤土和黏土（7.8%和8.1%）。【结论】有机肥的施用（增施或配施），尤其在一年一熟及有机碳水平较低的砂土上，对于农田土壤有机碳积累及肥力维持与提升均具有重要意义。

关键词: 农田, 施肥, 土壤有机碳, 矿物结合态有机碳, 种植制度, 土地利用类型, 整合分析法

Abstract: 【Objective】 Fertilization practice is one of the key regulating factors on soil organic carbon in cropland. The objectives of this study were to explore the effect size of fertilization practices on total and mineral-associated organic carbon in topsoil under different cropping system and cropland uses, which has important implications for the equilibrium and sustainable management of soil organic carbon in agricultural ecosystem.【Method】By using the data collected from published literatures, a data set (286) with the same soil organic carbon fractionation method from independent research was built up. Meta-analysis method was implied to quantify the effect degree of fertilization practices (chemical fertilizers and organic manure) on the content of soil total organic carbon and mineral-associated organic carbon fraction under different cropping systems, cropland uses, and inherent soil properties (e.g., texture).【Result】Compared with no fertilizer treatment, fertilization practices significantly increased soil total and mineral associated organic carbon content by 39.4% and 27.7%, respectively. The increasing rate of applying organic manure (58.4% and 41.9%) was 3.4 and 5.2 times higher than that of chemical fertilizers application (13.4% and 8.0%), respectively. Generally, the effect degree of fertilization practices on the total soil and mineral associated organic carbon was significantly different among cropping systems, cropland uses, and soil textures. The effect size of organic manure application on total soil organic carbon (58.5%) and chemical fertilizers application on mineral associated organic carbon (10.7%) with mono-cropping were significantly higher than that with double cropping (55.6% and 7.3%), whereas there was no significant difference under chemical fertilizers application on total soil organic carbon (13.3%-13.8%) and organic manure application on mineral associated organic carbon (42.6%-43.5%) between these two cropping systems. For different cropland uses, the application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers in upland resulted in significantly higher increased rate (15.8% and 59.7%) than that in paddy fields (10.0% and 43.3%) on total and mineral associated organic carbon. However, application of chemical fertilizers did not significantly increase total or mineral associated organic carbon content in paddy field. As for soil textures, the increased rate of applying organic manure on total soil organic carbon (64.4%) and that of chemical fertilizers on mineral associated organic carbon (15.6%) in sandy soil with low content of soil organic carbon were significantly higher than that for loam and clay soil, whereas there was no significant difference for that between loam and clay soil with a mean value of 8.0%.【Conclusion】 Overall, applying organic fertilizer including chemical fertilizers combined with organic manure has a great significance to the accumulation and sustainable management of soil organic carbon and fertility, especially for mono-copping system and sandy soil.

Key words: cropland, fertilize, soil organic carbon, mineral associated organic carbon, copping system, cropland uses, Meta-Analysis

蔡岸冬，张文菊，杨品品，韩天富，徐明岗. 基于Meta-Analysis研究施肥对中国农田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(15): 2995-3004.

CAI An-dong, ZHANG Wen-ju, YANG Pin-pin, HAN Tian-fu, XU Ming-gang. Effect Degree of Fertilization Practices on Soil Organic Carbon and Fraction of Croplands in China—Based on Meta-Analysis[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(15): 2995-3004.

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