灌浆期亏缺灌溉对水稻产量形成的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.08.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明抗旱性不同的单片段代换系（single segment substitution line，SSSL）水稻与其受体亲本在灌浆期亏缺灌溉条件下茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物的降解、运转及籽粒充实过程中相关酶活性的变化。【方法】以介入巴西陆稻IAPAR9抗性基因片段的单片段代换系W27-3-5-2-4-3-3-5-7和受体亲本华粳籼74为材料，利用水平分根系统在水稻花后7 d设置全根水层（两个分隔室内均保持浅水层，W/W）、半根水分亏缺（一个分隔室内保持浅水层，另一个分隔室内土壤水分控制在-30—-40 kPa，W/D）、全根水分亏缺（两个分隔室内土壤水分均控制在-30—-40 kPa，D/D）3种土壤水分处理，研究花后7 d不同土壤水分亏缺对抗旱性不同的单片段代换系及其受体亲本的产量和构成的影响。【结果】与W/W相比，D/D处理下茎鞘和籽粒内源ABA含量显著增加，灌浆中后期水稻剑叶的相对含水量、SPAD值及光合速率明显降低，水稻茎鞘中α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶活性有所增加，但是其蔗糖合酶（sucrose synthase，SS）的活性却显著降低。D/D处理下籽粒SS、酸性蔗糖转化酶（acid invertase，AINV）、可溶性淀粉合酶（soluble starch synthase，SSS）和Q酶活性在灌浆前中期也明显降低。然而，W/D处理下茎鞘和籽粒内源ABA有所增加，但与W/W差异不显著。W/D处理对水稻剑叶的相对含水量、SPAD值、光合速率无显著影响，但对灌浆前中期籽粒SS、AINV、SSS和Q酶活性却有显著影响，使得灌浆前中期籽粒SS、AINV、SSS和Q酶活性显著上升。分析灌浆期亏缺灌溉下单片段代换系与受体亲本间差异，发现亏缺灌溉下代换系的茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物的运转率明显地高于华粳籼74，其籽粒灌浆充实过程中相关酶的活性、物质的动态变化及内源ABA含量等对水分亏缺响应较华粳籼74敏感，其产量在两种亏缺灌溉处理下降低不明显，表现出较强的抗旱性。【结论】灌浆期适度土壤水分亏缺可提高稻株各器官ABA含量，利于茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物的降解和输出，但对灌浆期功能叶的光合同化物的生产与积累无显著影响，因此产量在适度水分亏缺条件下不会显著降低。

关键词: 水稻, 水分亏缺, 产量, 物质运转, 籽粒充实

Abstract: 【Objective】 This paper aimed to understand the characteristics of the translocation of dry matter stored in stems and grain filling in the single segment substitution line (SSSL) and its receptor parent with different drought resistances under water-deficit irrigation during filling period. 【Method】 The SSSL W27-3-5-2-4-3-3-5-7 that carries single segment genes encoding drought resistance of Brazilian upland rice IAPAR9 and its receptor parent Huajingxian74 were used as materials and grown in split-root system. Three soil water treatments, all roots well-watered (the two halves of the trunk were irrigated well water, W/W), half-root subjected to water deficit (one half of the trunk was irrigated with well water and the other was suffered from -30kPa—-40kPa of water deficit, W/D) and all roots subjected to water deficit (two halves of the trunk were suffered from -30kPa—-40kPa of water deficit, D/D), were imposed from 7th day after anthesis to mature period. The influences of different water deficits on the yield and its components of the SSSL and its receptor parent were studied, and the changes of ABA contents in stems and grains of rice were analyzed. So the effects of deficit irrigation on the catabolism and translocation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in stem and sheath and the activities of key enzymes involved the grain filling were illuminated in this paper. 【Result】 Compared with W/W treatment, the increases of ABA contents in stems and grains of D/D treatment were found obviously. The relative water content, SPAD values and photosynthetic rate of flag leaves of D/D treatment were all decreased significantly during mid-late filling period. In D/D treatment, the activities of α, β starch enzymes in stem and sheath increased obviously, while the activity of sucrose synthase decreased. However, the activities of sucrose synthase (SS), acid invertase (AINV), soluble starch synthase (SSS) and Q enzymes in grains of D/D treatment decreased remarkably during early and mid filling period. Furthermore, the contents of ABA in stems and grain of W/D treatment increased, but no significant difference between W/W and W/D was found, and the similar results were gained for the relative water content, SPAD values and photosynthetic rate of flag leaves. But the activities of SS, AINV, SSS and Q enzymes in grains of W/D treatment increased remarkably during early and mid filling period. The differences between the SSSL and its receptor parent under the deficit irrigation condition during grain filling were found obviously. The remobilized rates of NSC in stem and sheath of the SSSL were higher than those of the Huajingxian74, and the activities of enzymes, dynamic changes of matters and endogenous ABA content of SSSL involved in the metabolisms of stems and grains were responded to water deficit more sensitively than those of Huajingxian74. And so there was no clearly decrease in the yield of the SSSL under two deficit irrigation treatments. The SSSL under deficit irrigation condition showed a strong drought resistance. 【Conclusion】 The moderate soil water-deficit could favor the increase of the ABA content in all organs of rice, avail the degradation and remobilization of NSC in stems and sheath, while the production and accumulation of photoassimilates of functional leaf during filling stage were not influenced significantly by water deficit, and the yield of rice would be decreased insignificantly under moderate water-deficit condition.

Key words: rice (Oryza sativa), water deficit, yield, translocation of dry matter, grain filling

蔡一霞，李洋，朱海涛，蔡昆争，黄飞，王维. 灌浆期亏缺灌溉对水稻产量形成的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(8): 1492-1505.

CAI Yi-xia, LI Yang, ZHU Hai-tao, CAI Kun-zheng, HUANG Fei, WANG Wei. Effects of Deficit Irrigation on the Formation of the Yield in Rice (Oryza sativa) During Filling Period[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(8): 1492-1505.

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